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Radiation-induced cataracts (RICs) represent a significant public health challenge, particularly impacting individuals exposed to ionizing radiation (IR) through medical treatments, occupational settings, and environmental factors. Effective therapeutic strategies require a deep understanding of the mechanisms underlying RIC formation (RICF). This study investigates the roles of angiotensin II (Ang II) and oxidative stress in RIC development, with a focus on their combined effects on lens transparency and cellular function. Key mechanisms include the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative damage to lens proteins and lipids, as well as the impact of Ang II on inflammatory responses and cellular apoptosis. While the generation of ROS from water radiolysis is well established, the impact of Ang II on RICs is less understood. Ang II intensifies oxidative stress by activating type 1 receptors (AT1Rs) on lens epithelial cells, resulting in increased ROS production and inflammatory responses. This oxidative damage leads to protein aggregation, lipid peroxidation, and apoptosis, ultimately compromising lens transparency and contributing to cataract formation. Recent studies highlight Ang II's dual role in promoting both oxidative stress and inflammation, which accelerates cataract development. RICs pose a substantial public health concern due to their widespread prevalence and impact on quality of life. Targeting Ang II signaling and oxidative stress simultaneously could represent a promising therapeutic approach. Continued research is necessary to validate these strategies and explore their efficacy in preventing or reversing RIC development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical procedures, such as radiation therapy, are a vital element in treating many cancers, significantly contributing to improved survival rates. However, a common long-term complication of such exposure is radiation-induced skin fibrosis (RISF), a complex condition that poses substantial physical and psychological challenges. Notably, about 50% of patients undergoing radiation therapy may achieve long-term remission, resulting in a significant number of survivors managing the aftereffects of their treatment. This article delves into the intricate relationship between RISF, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and angiotensin II (Ang II) signaling. It proposes the underlying mechanisms and examines potential treatments for mitigating skin fibrosis. The primary goal is to offer essential insights in order to better care for and improve the quality of life of cancer survivors who face the risk of developing RISF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]