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Respiratory therapists have been trained by the German Respiratory Society (DGP) since 2005. Respiratory therapeutic interventions related to weaning patients from invasive mechanical ventilation are a major focus. Respiratory therapists have been an integral part of the therapeutic team at the Thorax Clinic Heidelberg for more than 10 years. This article describes their tasks and responsibilities in the context of weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation. The acute treatment phase of invasively ventilated patients in the acute intensive care unit and the prolonged weaning phase in the pneumological intensive care unit are presented in chronological order. The therapeutic focus of each phase is presented and described., Competing Interests: Benjamin Neetz: Benjamin Neetz erklärt, dass keine Interessenkonflikte bestehen. Gabriele Iberl: Gabriele Iberl erklärt, dass keine Interessenkonflikte bestehen. Nicole Kraus: Nicole Kraus erklärt, dass keine Interessenkonflikte bestehen. Cornelia Weißmann: Cornelia Weißmann erklärt, dass keine Interessenkonflikte bestehen. Florian Bornitz: Florian Bornitz erklärt, dass keine Interessenkonflikte bestehen. Michael M. Müller: Michael M. Müller erklärt, dass keine Interessenkonflikte bestehen. Lars Reinhardt: Lars Reinhardt erklärt, dass keine Interessenkonflikte bestehen. Felix J.F. Herth: Felix J.F. Herth erklärt, dass keine Interessenkonflikte bestehen. Julia D. Michels-Zetsche: Julia D. Michels-Zetsche erklärt, dass sie innerhalb der vergangenen 3 Jahre Vortragshonorare von AstraZeneca und Reisekostenerstattung von CSL Behring erhalten hat. Ihre Institution erhielt außerdem Mittel aus dem Innovationsfonds (Förderzeichen: 01NVF19023) des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses (G-BA) gemäß §92(1) Sozialgesetzbuch V für das PRiVENT-Projekt. Franziska C. Trudzinski: Franziska C. Trudzinski erklärt, dass sie innerhalb der vergangenen 3 Jahre Vortrags- und Beratungshonorare von Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, Grifols, AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline und CSL Behring erhalten hat. Ihre Institution erhielt außerdem Mittel aus dem Innovationsfonds (Förderzeichen: 01NVF19023) des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses (G-BA) gemäß §92(1) Sozialgesetzbuch V für das PRiVENT-Projekt. Darüber hinaus ist sie Mitglied des WeanNet-Vorstandes., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Diagnosis, assessment, and management of sports-related concussion require a multi-modal approach. Yet, currently, an objective assessment of auditory processing is not included. The auditory system is uniquely complex, relying on exquisite temporal precision to integrate signals across many synapses, connected by long axons. Given this complexity and precision, together with the fact that axons are highly susceptible to damage from mechanical force, we hypothesize that auditory processing is susceptible to concussive injury., Methods: We measured the frequency-following response (FFR), a scalp-recorded evoked potential that assesses processing of complex sound features, including pitch and phonetic identity. FFRs were obtained on male Division I Collegiate football players prior to contact practice to determine a pre-season baseline of auditory processing abilities, and again after sustaining a sports-related concussion. We predicted that concussion would decrease pitch and phonetic processing relative to the student-athlete's preseason baseline., Results: We found that pitch and phonetic encoding was smaller post-concussion. Student-athletes who sustained a second concussion showed similar declines after each injury., Conclusions: Auditory processing should be included in the multimodal assessment of sports-related concussion. Future studies that extend this work to other sports, other injuries (e.g. blast exposure), and to female athletes are needed.

Objective: Children with HIV (CWH) are at increased risk for cognitive and developmental delays, although HIV's influence on reading development remains unclear. Research using internationally validated reading measures with control for factors known to influence literacy outcomes is needed. The Early Grade Reading Assessment (EGRA) is a tool for assessing students' progress toward reading that has been validated across countries. It was administered to a cohort of children living with and without HIV (CWH/CWOH) and data on other factors that might affect literacy were also measured., Design and Methods: 388 children [217 children without HIV (CWOH) and 171 CWH; ages 3-8] drawn from a longitudinal study in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania completed the EGRA. EGRA performance between CWH and CWOH was compared adjusting for age, socioeconomic status, years of education, English learning, and type of school (public or private)., Results: Despite the biological and environmental confounders, CWH performed significantly worse than CWOH on the Letter Name Knowledge subtest, the Syllable subtest, the Non-Word subtest, and the Reading Comprehension subtest. The difference approached significance for the Oral Reading Fluency subtest., Conclusions: CWH performed worse than CWOH on the EGRA, indicating literacy skill development in CWH needs early intervention. Longitudinal analyses, including electrophysiological and behavioral data, are needed to find the factors associated with poor reading and literacy performance in CWH., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)