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244 results on '"Kumar Rajiv"'

1. Study of accretion disks around black holes with two types of gas inflows

Author

Kumar, Rajiv

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We utilized steady-state, axisymmetric, viscous hydrodynamic fluid equations around a black hole in a Schwarzschild geometry background. Here, the relativistic Schwarzschild geometry is mimicked by the Paczy{\'n}sky-Wiita potential. We investigated two types of inflowing gases that can generate different kinds of accretion flows around the central objects. The inflowing gases are presented on the local energies ($B_{ob}$) of the gases versus the outermost accretion boundary locations ($r_{ob}$) plane we named it the outermost boundary condition (OBC)-plane. Based on the energies of the inflowing gases we found two types of inflowing gas classified as cold-mode and hot-mode inflowing gases in the OBC-plane. Doing so we have found the initial temperature of the inflowing gases can be a parameter for the study of the accretion process. As it can affect the disk structure and optical depth of the accretion flow, which in turn can impact the radiative emissions observed in many accreting sources., Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings, Springer Nature

Published
2024

2. Shock waves in the magnetic reconnection in the flares on the accretion disk of the SGR~A*

Author

TianLe-Zhao, XiaoFeng-Li, ZeYuan-Tang, and Kumar, Rajiv

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Sgr~A* often shows bright, episodic flares observationally, the mechanism of the flares intermittent brightening is not very clear. Many people believe the flares may formed by the non-thermal particles, which can be a consequence of the magnetic reconnection and shock waves. In this work, we use the larger magnetic loop in the presence of pseudo-Newtonian potential which mimics general relativistic effects. The simulation results show that the reconnection of magnetic field lines passes through a current sheet, which bifurcates into two pairs of slow shocks. We also find the shock waves heat the plasma, especially when the plasma density is low. The shock wave heating effect by the magnetic reconnection is confirmed by the simulation results, and thus the process of instantaneous brightening of the flares on the accretion disk can be explained.

Published
2024

3. Development and Validation of Fully Automatic Deep Learning-Based Algorithms for Immunohistochemistry Reporting of Invasive Breast Ductal Carcinoma

Author

Jha, Sumit Kumar, Mishra, Purnendu, Mathur, Shubham, Singh, Gursewak, Kumar, Rajiv, Aatre, Kiran, and Rengarajan, Suraj

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods, Quantitative Biology - Tissues and Organs
Abstract

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis is a well-accepted and widely used method for molecular subtyping, a procedure for prognosis and targeted therapy of breast carcinoma, the most common type of tumor affecting women. There are four molecular biomarkers namely progesterone receptor (PR), estrogen receptor (ER), antigen Ki67, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) whose assessment is needed under IHC procedure to decide prognosis as well as predictors of response to therapy. However, IHC scoring is based on subjective microscopic examination of tumor morphology and suffers from poor reproducibility, high subjectivity, and often incorrect scoring in low-score cases. In this paper, we present, a deep learning-based semi-supervised trained, fully automatic, decision support system (DSS) for IHC scoring of invasive ductal carcinoma. Our system automatically detects the tumor region removing artifacts and scores based on Allred standard. The system is developed using 3 million pathologist-annotated image patches from 300 slides, fifty thousand in-house cell annotations, and forty thousand pixels marking of HER2 membrane. We have conducted multicentric trials at four centers with three different types of digital scanners in terms of percentage agreement with doctors. And achieved agreements of 95, 92, 88 and 82 percent for Ki67, HER2, ER, and PR stain categories, respectively. In addition to overall accuracy, we found that there is 5 percent of cases where pathologist have changed their score in favor of algorithm score while reviewing with detailed algorithmic analysis. Our approach could improve the accuracy of IHC scoring and subsequent therapy decisions, particularly where specialist expertise is unavailable. Our system is highly modular. The proposed algorithm modules can be used to develop DSS for other cancer types.

Published
2024

4. Multi-Stain Multi-Level Convolutional Network for Multi-Tissue Breast Cancer Image Segmentation

Author

Modi, Akash, Jha, Sumit Kumar, Mishra, Purnendu, Kumar, Rajiv, Aatre, Kiran, Singh, Gursewak, and Mathur, Shubham

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing
Abstract

Digital pathology and microscopy image analysis are widely employed in the segmentation of digitally scanned IHC slides, primarily to identify cancer and pinpoint regions of interest (ROI) indicative of tumor presence. However, current ROI segmentation models are either stain-specific or suffer from the issues of stain and scanner variance due to different staining protocols or modalities across multiple labs. Also, tissues like Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS), acini, etc. are often classified as Tumors due to their structural similarities and color compositions. In this paper, we proposed a novel convolutional neural network (CNN) based Multi-class Tissue Segmentation model for histopathology whole-slide Breast slides which classify tumors and segments other tissue regions such as Ducts, acini, DCIS, Squamous epithelium, Blood Vessels, Necrosis, etc. as a separate class. Our unique pixel-aligned non-linear merge across spatial resolutions empowers models with both local and global fields of view for accurate detection of various classes. Our proposed model is also able to separate bad regions such as folds, artifacts, blurry regions, bubbles, etc. from tissue regions using multi-level context from different resolutions of WSI. Multi-phase iterative training with context-aware augmentation and increasing noise was used to efficiently train a multi-stain generic model with partial and noisy annotations from 513 slides. Our training pipeline used 12 million patches generated using context-aware augmentations which made our model stain and scanner invariant across data sources. To extrapolate stain and scanner invariance, our model was evaluated on 23000 patches which were for a completely new stain (Hematoxylin and Eosin) from a completely new scanner (Motic) from a different lab. The mean IOU was 0.72 which is on par with model performance on other data sources and scanners.

Published
2024

5. Betti cones over fibre products

Author

Ananthnarayan, H., Javadekar, Omkar, and Kumar, Rajiv

Subjects
Mathematics - Commutative Algebra, 13A02, 13D02, 13D40
Abstract

Let $R$ be a fibre product of standard graded algebras over a field. We study the structure of syzygies of finitely generated graded $R$-modules. As an application of this, we show that the existence of an $R$-module of finite regularity and infinite projective dimension forces $R$ to be Koszul. We also look at the extremal rays of the Betti cone of finitely generated graded $R$-modules, and show that when $\operatorname{depth}(R)=1$, they are spanned by the Betti tables of pure $R$-modules if and only if $R$ is Cohen-Macaulay with minimal multiplicity., Comment: Comments welcome!

Published
2024

27. Performance of Ganga Sand with Bentonite as a Landfill Liner Material

Author

Kumar, Rajiv, Kumari, Sunita, di Prisco, Marco, Series Editor, Chen, Sheng-Hong, Series Editor, Vayas, Ioannis, Series Editor, Kumar Shukla, Sanjay, Series Editor, Sharma, Anuj, Series Editor, Kumar, Nagesh, Series Editor, Wang, Chien Ming, Series Editor, Cui, Zhen-Dong, Series Editor, Jose, Babu T., editor, Sahoo, Dipak Kumar, editor, Shukla, Sanjay Kumar, editor, Krishna, A. Murali, editor, Thomas, Jimmy, editor, and Veena, V., editor

Published
2024
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29. Effect of Metal Addition on the Ignition Characteristics of a Pyrotechnic Igniter

Author

Dubey, Ritesh, Kumar, Rajiv, Chaari, Fakher, Series Editor, Gherardini, Francesco, Series Editor, Ivanov, Vitalii, Series Editor, Haddar, Mohamed, Series Editor, Cavas-Martínez, Francisco, Editorial Board Member, di Mare, Francesca, Editorial Board Member, Kwon, Young W., Editorial Board Member, Tolio, Tullio A. M., Editorial Board Member, Trojanowska, Justyna, Editorial Board Member, Schmitt, Robert, Editorial Board Member, Xu, Jinyang, Editorial Board Member, Singh, Sanjay, editor, Ramulu, Perumalla Janaki, editor, and Gautam, Sachin Singh, editor

Published
2024
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30. Effect of Change in Alignment of the Multiport Grain on the Performance of a Hybrid Rocket Motor

Author

Gyandeep, Kumar, Rajiv, Chaari, Fakher, Series Editor, Gherardini, Francesco, Series Editor, Ivanov, Vitalii, Series Editor, Haddar, Mohamed, Series Editor, Cavas-Martínez, Francisco, Editorial Board Member, di Mare, Francesca, Editorial Board Member, Kwon, Young W., Editorial Board Member, Tolio, Tullio A. M., Editorial Board Member, Trojanowska, Justyna, Editorial Board Member, Schmitt, Robert, Editorial Board Member, Xu, Jinyang, Editorial Board Member, Singh, Sanjay, editor, Ramulu, Perumalla Janaki, editor, and Gautam, Sachin Singh, editor

Published
2024
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31. Effect of Different Injectors on Performance of Hybrid Rocket Motor by Varying the L/D Ratio

Author

Dubey, Arpit, Kumar, Rajiv, Biswas, Shelly, Chaari, Fakher, Series Editor, Gherardini, Francesco, Series Editor, Ivanov, Vitalii, Series Editor, Haddar, Mohamed, Series Editor, Cavas-Martínez, Francisco, Editorial Board Member, di Mare, Francesca, Editorial Board Member, Kwon, Young W., Editorial Board Member, Tolio, Tullio A. M., Editorial Board Member, Trojanowska, Justyna, Editorial Board Member, Schmitt, Robert, Editorial Board Member, Xu, Jinyang, Editorial Board Member, Singh, Sanjay, editor, Ramulu, Perumalla Janaki, editor, and Gautam, Sachin Singh, editor

Published
2024
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32. Aging and Atomization Characteristics of Aluminum Loaded and Unloaded Ethanol Gel

Author

Jain, Sankalp, Kumar, Rajiv, Chaari, Fakher, Series Editor, Gherardini, Francesco, Series Editor, Ivanov, Vitalii, Series Editor, Haddar, Mohamed, Series Editor, Cavas-Martínez, Francisco, Editorial Board Member, di Mare, Francesca, Editorial Board Member, Kwon, Young W., Editorial Board Member, Tolio, Tullio A. M., Editorial Board Member, Trojanowska, Justyna, Editorial Board Member, Schmitt, Robert, Editorial Board Member, Xu, Jinyang, Editorial Board Member, Singh, Sanjay, editor, Ramulu, Perumalla Janaki, editor, and Gautam, Sachin Singh, editor

Published
2024
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38. List of contributors

Author

Adams, John S., primary, Amrein, Karin, additional, Anderson, Paul H., additional, Arnold, Leggy A., additional, Arora, Juhi, additional, Artusa, Patricio, additional, Ascherio, Alberto, additional, Asmussen, Niels C., additional, Astier, Anne L., additional, Bak, Min Ji, additional, Bauerle, Kevin T., additional, Belorusova, Anna Y., additional, Benkusky, Nancy A., additional, Bernal-Mizrachi, Carlos, additional, Bhattoa, Harjit P., additional, Bikle, Daniel D., additional, Bilezikian, John P., additional, Binkley, Neil C., additional, Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A., additional, Bishop, Charles W., additional, Blomberg Jensen, Martin, additional, Boisen, Ida Marie, additional, Boucher, Barbara J., additional, Bouillon, Roger, additional, Boyan, Barbara D., additional, Bradford, Dana, additional, Brancatella, Alessandro, additional, Buburuzan, Laura, additional, Burne, Thomas H.J., additional, Buschittari, Damien, additional, Calkins, Hannah, additional, Calvo, Mona S., additional, Camargo, Carlos A., additional, Campbell, Moray J., additional, Cantorna, Margherita T., additional, Cappellani, Daniele, additional, Carlberg, Carsten, additional, Carmeliet, Geert, additional, Cashman, Kevin D., additional, Ceglia, Lisa, additional, Cetani, Filomena, additional, Chang, Wenhan, additional, Cheadle, Charlotte, additional, Chou, Sharon H., additional, Christakos, Sylvia, additional, Christopher, Kenneth B., additional, Chu, Emily Y., additional, Chun, Rene F., additional, Cleal, Jane K., additional, Cobice, Diego F., additional, Cooper, Cyrus, additional, Coort, Susan L.M., additional, Cui, Xiaoying, additional, Curtis, Elizabeth M., additional, Danilenko, Michael, additional, Darling, Andrea L., additional, David Roodman, G., additional, Dawson-Hughes, Bess, additional, de Jongh, Renate, additional, Demay, Marie B., additional, Dennison, Elaine M., additional, Dixon, Katie M., additional, Dong, Bingning, additional, Doroudi, Maryam, additional, Dusso, Adriana, additional, Dvorzhinskiy, Aleksey, additional, Ebeling, Peter R., additional, Erben, Reinhold G., additional, Evelo, Chris T.A., additional, Eyles, Darryl, additional, Feldman, David, additional, Ferrer-Mayorga, Gemma, additional, Fleet, James C., additional, Forcellati, Marianela, additional, Foster, Brian L., additional, Gafni, Rachel I., additional, Gayan-Ramirez, Ghislaine, additional, Giovannucci, Edward, additional, Girgis, Christian M., additional, Glencross, Drew A., additional, Glorieux, Francis H., additional, Gocek, Elzbieta, additional, Goldfarb, David S., additional, Goltzman, David, additional, González-Sancho, José Manuel, additional, Grant, William B., additional, Groves, Natalie J., additional, Gysemans, Conny, additional, Harrison, Stephanie, additional, Harvey, Nicholas C., additional, Haseltine, Katherine, additional, Hawrylowicz, Catherine M., additional, Hayes, Colleen E., additional, Heckel, John E., additional, Hershberger, Pamela A., additional, Hewison, Martin, additional, Högler, Wolfgang, additional, Holick, Michael F., additional, Hollis, Bruce W., additional, Holt, Rune, additional, Hujoel, Philippe P., additional, Hyppönen, Elina, additional, Ismailova, Aiten, additional, Jablonski, Nina G., additional, Jakobsen, Jette, additional, Janssens, Wim, additional, Jeffery, Louisa, additional, Jenkinson, Carl, additional, Jensen, Marie Bagge, additional, Jetten, Anton M., additional, Jiang, Heng, additional, Johnson, Candace S., additional, Jones, Glenville, additional, Jones, Kerry S., additional, Jüppner, Harald, additional, Kalia, Vandana, additional, Kallay, Enikö, additional, Karapalis, Andrew C., additional, Kaufmann, Martin, additional, Kiely, Mairead, additional, Kim, Hanseul, additional, Kim, Tiffany Y., additional, Kojima, Hiroyuki, additional, Kooij, Ireen, additional, Kovacs, Christopher S., additional, Kremer, Richard, additional, Krieger, Kirsten, additional, Kritmetapak, Kittrawee, additional, Krueger, Diane C., additional, Kumar, Rajiv, additional, Kurihara, Noriyoshi, additional, Lane, Joseph M., additional, Lanham-New, Susan A., additional, Latic, Nejla, additional, LeBoff, Meryl S., additional, Lee, Maija B., additional, Lee, Seong Min, additional, Levine, Michael A., additional, Lewis, Richard, additional, Lewis, Rohan M., additional, Li, Wei, additional, Li, Yan Chun, additional, Lincoln, Matthew R., additional, Lips, Paul, additional, Lisse, Thomas S., additional, Liu, Eva S., additional, López de Maturana, Evangelina, additional, Lugg, Sebastian T., additional, Machado, Christopher J., additional, Maes, Karen, additional, Maestro, Miguel A., additional, Malats, Núria, additional, Malloy, Peter J., additional, Manousaki, Despoina, additional, Marcinkowska, Ewa, additional, Marcocci, Claudio, additional, Martens, Pieter-Jan, additional, Martineau, Adrian R., additional, Mason, Rebecca S., additional, Mathieu, Chantal, additional, Mayne, Phoebe, additional, McGrath, John J., additional, Mehta, Mansi, additional, Mellanby, Richard John, additional, Merchant, Nadia, additional, Meyer, Mark B., additional, Miao, Dengshun, additional, Moon, Rebecca J., additional, Mortensen, Li Juel, additional, Motlaghzadeh, Yasaman, additional, Munger, Kassandra L., additional, Muñoz, Alberto, additional, Nakamichi, Yuko, additional, Narvaez, Carmen J., additional, Nikiphorou, Elena, additional, Nonn, Larisa, additional, Pal, Lubna, additional, Parekh, Dhruv, additional, Pettifor, John M., additional, Pike, J. Wesley, additional, Pilz, Stefan, additional, Pittas, Anastassios G., additional, Pludowski, Pawel, additional, Prosser, David E., additional, Pullagura, Sri Ramulu N., additional, Raphael, Joseph, additional, Rauz, Saaeha, additional, Raza, Karim, additional, Real, Francisco X., additional, Reichrath, Jörg, additional, Richards, J. Brent, additional, Rivadeneira, Fernando, additional, Rochel, Natacha, additional, Roizen, Jeffrey D., additional, Ryan, Brittany A., additional, Sarkar, Surojit, additional, Sarmadi, Fatemeh, additional, Schafer, Anne L., additional, Schepelmann, Martin, additional, Schoenmakers, Inez, additional, Schuit, Frans, additional, Schwartz, Zvi, additional, Scott, Kayla M., additional, Sellmeyer, Deborah E., additional, Sempos, Christopher T., additional, Sepiashvili, Lusia, additional, Seshadri, Mukund, additional, Shane, Elizabeth, additional, Shaurova, Tatiana, additional, Shieh, Albert, additional, Shui, Irene, additional, Singh, Ravinder J., additional, Slominski, Andrzej T., additional, Smith, Karl W., additional, St-Arnaud, René, additional, Stein, Emily M., additional, Studzinski, George P., additional, Suda, Tatsuo, additional, Takahashi, Naoyuki, additional, Taylor, Hugh S., additional, Tebben, Peter J., additional, Thacher, Tom D., additional, Thandrayen, Kebashni, additional, Thickett, David R., additional, Tiosano, Dov, additional, Trajanoska, Katerina, additional, Tu, Chia-Ling, additional, Tuckey, Robert C., additional, Tutaworn, Teerapat, additional, Udagawa, Nobuyuki, additional, Uday, Suma, additional, Unnanuntana, Aasis, additional, van Driel, Marjolein, additional, van Leeuwen, Johannes P.T.M., additional, van Schoor, Natasja, additional, Verlinden, Lieve, additional, Vieth, Reinhold, additional, Vimaleswaran, Karina S., additional, Wagner, Carol L., additional, Wallace, Graham R., additional, Weaver, Connie M., additional, Webb, Daniel A., additional, Welsh, JoEllen, additional, White, John H., additional, Whiting, Susan J., additional, Williams, Emma L., additional, Yahyavi, Sam Kafai, additional, Yamamoto, Keiko, additional, Yates, Clayton, additional, Zagorac, Sladjana, additional, Zhang, Rong Mei, additional, Zhao, Hengguang, additional, Zhou, Ang, additional, and Zittermann, Armin, additional

Published
2024
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40. Indian Rheumatology Association guidelines for the management of ANCA associated vasculitis

Author

Dhooria, Aadhaar, Naidu, G.S.R.S.N.K., Misra, Durga Prasanna, Pinto, Benzeeta, Adarsh, M.B., Jha, Saket, Kumar, Rajiv Ranjan, Chattopadhyay, Arghya, Sharma, Vikas, Mishra, Debashish, Acharya, Nupoor, Mittal, Sakshi, Jain, Siddharth, Samanta, Joydeep, Kavadichanda, Chengappa, Dhooria, Sahajal, Ramachandran, Raja, Jois, Ramesh, Sharma, Banwari, Balakrishnan, Canchi, Shobha, Vineeta, Kumar, Uma, Agarwal, Vikas, Dharmanand, B.G., Handa, Rohini, and Sharma, Aman

Published
2024
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46. Uniqueness of lung cancer in Southeast Asia

Author

Noronha, Vanita, Budukh, Atul, Chaturvedi, Pankaj, Anne, Srikanth, Punjabi, Anshu, Bhaskar, Maheema, Sahoo, Tarini P., Menon, Nandini, Shah, Minit, Batra, Ullas, Nathany, Shrinidhi, Kumar, Rajiv, Shetty, Omshree, Ghodke, Trupti Pai, Mahajan, Abhishek, Chakrabarty, Nivedita, Hait, Supriya, Tripathi, Satyendra C., Chougule, Anuradha, Chandrani, Pratik, Tripathi, Virendra Kumar, Jiwnani, Sabita, Tibdewal, Anil, Maheshwari, Guncha, Kothari, Rushabh, Patil, Vijay M., Bhat, Rajani Surendar, Khanderia, Mansi, Mahajan, Vandana, Prakash, Ravi, Sharma, Sanjeev, Jabbar, Adnan Abdul, Yadav, Birendra Kumar, Uddin, A.F.M. Kamal, Dutt, Amit, and Prabhash, Kumar

Published
2024
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