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Introduction: Israel is below the global average of cancer mortality thanks to early diagnosis plans and advanced treatment, yet every year about 30,000 patients are diagnosed with cancer and 11,000 die from it. Many patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage of malignancy in which curative surgery cannot be offered. Early detection and intervention have been proven to be of greatest importance in reducing cancer morbidity and mortality. However, despite the clinical use of a limited number of technologies, the means for detecting malignancy as early as possible, to the extent of predicting malignancy within a significant period of time before its clinical detection, some current efforts still exist only within the framework of development and clinical research. The main challenge remains - the development of a test with high sensitivity on the one hand, but with sufficient specificity to prevent unnecessary follow-up tests at the other hand.