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Background: Shortened femoral stems aim to mimic the biomechanical performance of traditional stems while preserving more bone and minimizing soft tissue damage. Our objective is to assess the outcomes of patients treated with a shortened stem (Furlong Evolution, JRI Orthopaedics, Sheffield, UK) to analyze the implant's efficacy and survivorship. Methods: This retrospective observational study included all patients aged 18 to 70 undergoing uncemented shortened stem total hip replacement at Hospital del Mar between 2010 and 2018. Hip function and pain were assessed with the Merle d'Aubigné–Postel scale and visual analog scale, respectively. A radiographic analysis measured stem and cup orientation, leg length discrepancy, stem subsidence, and radiolucencies around the cup. Perioperative complications, prosthetic failures, and reoperations were documented. Results: A total of 109 patients (74 male, 35 female) of a mean age of 51.8 ± 8.8 years were included. The average follow-up was 91 ± 17.4 months. Radiographically, 71 (65.1%) of the stems had been inserted at the appropriate angulation (±3°), and 102 (93.6%) of the cups had been placed in the Lewinnek safety zone. Leg length discrepancy was observed in 19 (17.4%) cases. The mean Merle d'Aubigné–Postel score improved from 13.1 ± 1.39 preoperatively to 17.8 ± 0.49 at 6 months postoperatively (p < 0.001). Merle d'Aubigné–Postel subscales also reflected a statistically significant improvement (p < 0.001). The mean pain score 12 months postoperatively was 0.52 ± 1.22, with 95.4% of patients declaring themselves satisfied or highly satisfied. The expected 13-year survival according to a Kaplan–Meier analysis was 100% in the absence of infection and 91.3% if revision for any cause is taken as a survival endpoint. Conclusions: The shortened stem under analysis provides excellent functional results and long-term survival rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the end of the Eighteenth-Century, the printer Isidoro Hernández Pacheco requested to reprint an old astrological prognostication by Diego Torres Villarroel. The Council of Castile censor delivered an overwhelming denial, showing the change of politics towards almanacs, widely tolerated until 1767. Actually, Pacheco intended to print a plagiarism, attributing to Torres a mocking prognostication by Francisco Robles. We study this case in its various ramifications, including posthumous reception of Torres Villarroel' work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Involvement in sports is considered a powerful way to generate social capital. However, the role of sport engagement in the development of social relationships of older adults has not received much attention. Remarkably, there is a lack of empirical evidence on the quality and diversity of social relations built through active sport participation and spectatorship. This paper attempts to assess the relationship between sport engagement and various measures of network social capital, including the extension and quality of social networks and the heterogeneity of personal relationships. Also, it proposes new and more informative measurements of an individual's quantity and quality of social ties. By analysing data from a survey in Spain (N = 600) and applying logistic regressions, the results show that sport participation and attendance at sporting events are closely related to different dimensions of network social capital. Concerning people who are not actively engaged in sports, more extensive social networks characterise those who frequently attend sporting events. In contrast, active sport participation is associated with the extensity and quality measures of social connectedness, the level of satisfaction with friends and the opportunity to enjoy close relationships. Therefore, this paper provides new evidence on how sport engagement may result in tighter and extensive networks for older adults and serve as support for emphasising sports, physical activity and leisure as strategies for maintaining and boosting older people's social and psychological health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3D printing constitutes a technological advancement, revolutionizing contemporary industry by enabling manufacturers to fabricate intricate, customized components efficiently and precisely from digital blueprints. Moreover, the fusion of 3D printing with cutting‐edge materials has given rise to compelling elements boasting a diverse range of applications. For this reason, this work describes the incorporation of a luminescent material, NaYF4, doped with Yb3+ and Er3+, embedded in resin for 3D printing to create motorized luminescent gears. The fabricated luminescent gears take advantage of the intensity ratio between the Er3+ emissions at 525 nm (2H11/2 → 4I15/2) and 550 nm (4S3/2 → 4I15/2), which are thermally coupled, to detect the slight temperature variations that gears undergo through friction. This technique can be complementary to thermovision, proving especially valuable for monitoring temperature in elements where measurement with thermographic cameras or direct contact thermometers is hampered. The findings demonstrate that optical measurements provide enhanced (statistical) precision in temperature readings compared to thermovision, with δT = 0.07 K for luminescence thermometry as opposed to δT = 0.3 K for the thermal camera. This work can inspire new research directions using 3D printing and materials with exciting properties, fostering innovative solutions in contemporary industrial technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, formalism has been derived for studying electroweak transition amplitudes for three-body systems both in infinite and finite volumes. The formalism provides exact relations that the infinite-volume amplitudes must satisfy, as well as a relationship between physical amplitudes and finite-volume matrix elements, which can be constrained from lattice QCD calculations. This formalism poses additional challenges when compared with the analogous well-studied two-body equivalent one, including the necessary step of solving integral equations of singular functions. In this work, we provide some non-trivial analytical and numerical tests on the aforementioned formalism. In particular, we consider a case where the three-particle system can have three-body bound states as well as bound states in the two-body subsystem. For kinematics below the three-body threshold, we demonstrate that the scattering amplitudes satisfy unitarity. We also check that for these kinematics the finite-volume matrix elements are accurately described by the formalism for two-body systems up to exponentially suppressed corrections. Finally, we verify that in the case of the three-body bound state, the finite-volume matrix element is equal to the infinite-volume coupling of the bound state, up to exponentially suppressed errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geophysical data inversion typically involves the numerical solution of high-dimensional ill-posed problems. To reduce the non-uniqueness, prior information in the form of appropriate regularization schemes, together with a proper representation of the quantities of interest, is helpful. To this end, methods are recommended that take into account a low-dimensional formulation of the inverse problem, a suitable representation for the quantities of interest, and a helpful numerical procedure. Structural aspects of the objects of interest, such as the dimensions of structures, are often available as prior knowledge in archaeological magnetic surveys. However, they are not easily exploited by classical geophysical data inversion applications; for example, a typical representation together with Tikhonov-like regularization schemes or total variation, which promote smoothness in the solutions, occlude underlying structural information or retrieve fuzzy boundaries. In this work, a three-dimensional inversion of magnetic data is developed based on an evolution strategy. It is adapted to a numerical representation that easily incorporates aspects achievable at archaeological sites. Synthetic test cases and a magnetic dataset corresponding to an archaeological site are used to report the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The three-particle K-matrix, K df,3, is a scheme-dependent quantity that parametrizes short-range three-particle interactions in the relativistic-field-theory three-particle finite-volume formalism. In this work, we compute its value for systems of three pions in all isospin channels through next-to-leading order in Chiral Perturbation Theory, generalizing previous work done at maximum isospin. We obtain analytic expressions through quadratic order (or cubic order, in the case of zero isospin) in the expansion about the three-pion threshold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low‐valent cobalt complexes equipped with phosphorous type of ligands can promote the intramolecular (3+2) cycloaddition of alkylidenecyclopropanes (ACPs) with alkenes and with allenes. Dienes can also be used as partners, but they afford seven‐membered cycloadducts. The reactions are fully diastereoselective and, in some cases, we also observed moderate enantioselectivities, especially when using chiral phosphite ligands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonlinear optical materials are essential in areas such as nanophotonics, optical information processing, and biomedical imaging. However, nanomaterials employed for these diverse applications to date are efficient only for one type of nonlinear optical activity. Herein, the first multimodal nonlinear optically active class of nanomaterials based on lanthanide‐doped lithium niobate nanoparticles, which simultaneously exhibit unprecedentedly efficient second and third harmonic generation, as well as up‐conversion photoluminescence, is reported. These dielectric nanoparticles retain their high nonlinear optical conversion efficiency both as powder and as aqueous colloidal solution. The high stability also allows for the fabrication of optically active biocompatible micron‐sized fibers and polymer‐based 3D‐printable objects, as well as for fingerprint detection. Finally, the first 8‐bit coding platform purely based on multimodal nonlinear optical activity originating from different parametric and nonparametric processes is demonstrated, showcasing the technological potential of these materials for both anti‐counterfeiting and advanced optical information processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma (TCS) is a rare tumor that displays a variable histology with admixtures of epithelial, mesenchymal, neuroendocrine and germ cell elements. Facing a very poor prognosis, patients with TCS are in need of new options for treatment. Recently identified recurrent mutations in SMARCA4 may serve as target for modern therapies with EZH1/2 and CDK4/6 inhibitors. Here, we present the first in vitro cell line TCS627, established from a previously untreated primary TCS originating in the ethmoid sinus with invasion into the brain. The cultured cells expressed immunohistochemical markers, indicating differentiation of epithelial, neuroepithelial, sarcomatous and teratomatous components. Whole-exome sequencing revealed 99 somatic mutations including SMARCA4, ARID2, TET2, CDKN2A, WNT7A, NOTCH3 and STAG2, all present both in the primary tumor and in the cell line. Focusing on mutated SMARCA4 as the therapeutic target, growth inhibition assays showed a strong response to the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib, but much less to the EZH1/2 inhibitor valemetostat. In conclusion, cell line TCS627 carries both histologic and genetic features characteristic of TCS and is a valuable model for both basic research and preclinical testing of new therapeutic options for treatment of TCS patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The domestication of vines started in Asia 11,000 years ago, although it was not until the 19th century that oenology was established as a scientific discipline thanks to the research of Louis Pasteur on the role of microorganisms in wine fermentation. At the present time, the progression in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies is helping to facilitate the identification of microbial dynamics during winemaking. These advancements have aided winemakers in gaining a more comprehensive understanding of the role of microbiota in the fermentation process, which, in turn, is ultimately responsible for the delivery of provisioning (wine features and its production), regulating (such as carbon storage by vineyards, regulation of soil quality, and biocontrol of pests and diseases) or cultural (such as aesthetic values of vineyard landscapes, scholarly enjoyment of wine, and a sense of belonging in wine-growing regions) ecosystem services. To our knowledge, this is the first review of the state of knowledge on the role of microbiota in the delivery of ecosystem services in the wine sector, as well as the possibility of valuing them in monetary terms by operating logic chains, such as those suggested by the SEEA-EA framework. This paper concludes with a review of management practices that may enhance the value of microbiota ecosystem services and the role of smart farming in this task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoporotic hip fracture is a major health problem. Falls, the primary cause, might lead to a persistent fear of falling (FoF) among older adults, affecting their daily activities and rehabilitation. While in-person interventions exist, limited research is available on the effects of tele-rehabilitation on the FoF after a hip fracture. Thus, this study aims to test the association of the @ctivehip tele-rehabilitation programme on reducing the levels of FoF experienced by both older adults with hip fracture and their family caregivers.A non-randomised controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov; Identifier: NCT02968589) that compared a webpage-based tele-rehabilitation (@ctivehip) against usual care. Fear of falling was assessed using the Short Falls Efficacy Scale-International. Patients’ functional status was evaluated using the Functional Independence Measure. Physical performance was assessed by the Timed Up and Go test and Short Physical Performance Battery. We conducted a per-protocol analysis as the primary outcome, and an intention-to-treat approach as secondary analysis.A total of 71 patients with hip fracture (78.75 ± 6.12 years, 75% women) and their family caregivers participated. Participants in the intervention showed a higher decrease in FoF in comparison to those in the usual care (0.5 Cohen's d; p = 0.042). The reduction in FoF resulting from participation in the tele-rehabilitation programme was mediated by improvements in functional status by 79%. The @ctivehip programme did not decrease FoF of family caregivers.@ctivehip is associated with a reduction of the FoF in older adults with hip fractures, but not in their family caregivers, with the reduction being mostly explained by improvements in the patients’ functional status. Although the intervention seems promising, it should not be applied in clinical settings until confirmed by appropriate-designed randomised clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Flow induced vibrations on a Jet-Pump assembly of a Boiling Water Nuclear Reactor was performed. • Special attention was paid on slip-joints since these structures experience flow leakage and loss of contact of adjustment devices. • CFD and finite element models of a Jet-Pump assembly was developed to perform the analysis. • Additionally, flow-structure-interaction (FSI) was performed to perform vibration analysis. • In Boiling Water Reactors, loss of contact/adjustment of close-fitting devices on slip-joints has occurred, increasing the vibrations levels of Jet-Pump assemblies. This work presents a methodology for the evaluation of self-excited vibrations of jet-pump assemblies that make up the water recirculation system of boiling water nuclear reactors. Therefore, for the analysis three different type of models were developed: finite element, computational fluid dynamics and fluid-structure interaction models of a jet-pump assembly. The models were subjected to pressurized water flow in order to analyse leakage effect in the gaps between slip-joints and the diffuser of the assembly, and how the vibrations level can affect the integrity of jet-pump assemblies were also evaluated. Analyses of loss of adjustment of structural components in the wedge system were also performed, in order to study their contribution on the vibrations level under water flow conditions, since this effect has been identified as a potential failure mechanism in jet-pump assemblies. Three different gap sizes were modelled along with two critical loss of mechanical/adjustment components conditions, and the vibrations level of the jet-pump assembly under each modelled condition was obtained. The results showed the presence of self-excited vibrations of the jet-pump assembly under water flow, however little effect of leakage occurred in the slip-joint, on the vibration levels of the jet-pump assembly. Nonetheless, for the cases of loss of adjustment/contact components in the wedge system, high natural frequencies were obtained, and the vibrations were more severe when the loss of adjustment occurred in two mechanical/adjustment components. The results were also used to identify the mechanical components that may experience accelerated material degradation in the mixing-diffuser section of jet-pump assemblies, which occurred under loss of adjustment of mechanical components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Passive infrared thermography (IRT) has been introduced as a faster, safer, and contactless alternative for the nondestructive inspection of subsurface delamination in concrete infrastructure. However, some uncertainties remain, such as the absence of an inspection protocol to inspect multiple concrete components and the dependence of the technique's performance on environmental conditions and solar energy. This study presents a proof of concept about the capabilities of passive IRT in detecting subsurface damages in multiple concrete components under variate solar exposure. The passive IRT capabilities are explored by analyzing the thermal sequences obtained from samples of artificially damaged concrete structures inspected over 24 h in various environmental conditions over three seasons. As a result, damages with a size-to-depth (S/D) ratio between 1.0 and 2.7 were detected using the thermal contrast method. Furthermore, the implementation of signal processing techniques yielded an improvement in capabilities ranging from 15% to 52%. Finally, a procedure for acquiring data while inspecting multiple concrete components using passive IRT is proposed. • Infrared thermography detection of concrete delamination under varying solar exposure. • Procedure to optimize data collection in concrete under varying solar exposure. • Detection of damages up to 8.0 cm depth in concrete with a 1.0 width-to-depth ratio. • The specific capability varied based on the component type and solar orientation. • Signal processing mostly improved contrast-to-noise ratio and detection capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]