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The metabolism of phytoplankton cells is synchronized with the diel light cycle. Likewise, associated heterotrophic bacteria adjust their diel expression of transporter- and catabolism-related genes to target the dissolved organic matter released by the phytoplankton cell. Dissolved combined carbohydrates (DCCHO) and dissolved amino acids (DAA) are major phytoplankton products and bacterial substrates. Here, we show that diel variations of DCCHO and DAA concentrations accounted for a significant turnover of the total organic carbon (TOC) pool (up to 5.0%, at a rate of 0.37 μM C h–1) and total organic nitrogen (TON) (up to 5.5%, 0.04 μM N h–1) across diverse oceanic regimes (sub-Antarctic to subtropical waters of the Southwestern Pacific Ocean). Glucose contributed most to the observed carbon turnover, while polar amino acids dominated the nitrogen turnover. DAA concentration and composition correlated with viral abundance, suggesting that viral lysis may have caused the the highest DAA concentration at night. Our finding of diel cycling of major dissolved organic phytoplankton products supports the notion of universally synchronized ecosystem dynamics. Such periodicity may enhance nutrient cycling and thus primary production and constrains parts of the yet uncharacterized labile organic carbon flux fueling the microbial carbon pump.

Though large-scale pretrained models have been revolutionary, the time has come for models to start learning like humans. They should be curious about new things and use past knowledge to make educated conjectures. A model should learn untrained tasks on the fly while simultaneously pushing the upper performance bounds of existing knowledge.

Objective quantification of hand functions using sensorized devices has gained recognition lately in clinical practice. Traditional clinical assessment scales lack precision and quantifiability, prompting the exploration of new methodologies. The following work focuses on the design, development, and testing of a sensorized key rig that can be used to perform quantifiable metrics of hand functions. Leveraging advancements in sensor technology, the study developed an instrumented key rig equipped with an off-center load cell for accurate pinch force measurement. In addition, a magnetic rotary encoder was added to track the key-turning movement. Calibration and testing procedures ensured the rig’s reliability and repeatability. Results demonstrated consistent and precise measurements with the reliability intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of ${p} \,\, =0.99996$ , highlighting the key-rig device potential for clinical motor function assessment and rehabilitation monitoring. Further research could explore its comparative effectiveness and clinical applications with stroke survivors.

Hurricane Ian rapidly intensified from Category 3 to 5 as it transited the wide West Florida Shelf (WFS). This is ascribed to heating by the anomalously warm shelf waters, despite the water depth being shallow when compared to the thicker, mixed layer areas of the deeper ocean. By examining temperature from long‐term moorings, we found that the sea surface and subsurface temperatures exceeded the climatologies by 1–2°C and 2–3°C, respectively. Additionally, these anomalously high temperatures in summer/fall of 2022 were related to the absence of Gulf of Mexico Loop Current interactions with the WFS slope at its “pressure point”. Without such offshore forcing to induce an upwelling circulation, the warmer waters on the shelf were not flushed and replaced by colder waters of deeper ocean origin. This work highlights the importance of subsurface temperature and ocean circulation monitoring on shallow continental shelves, which are largely overlooked in hurricane‐related ocean heat content observational programs. Rapid intensification of tropical cyclones can be fueled by upper ocean warm water. The favorable environment of high ocean heat potential is thought to be more likely during marine heatwaves. However, both the hurricane heat potential and marine heatwaves are primarily calculated from satellite‐derived sea surface data, with subsurface data largely overlooked due to lack of in situ measurements, particularly in coastal oceans where hurricanes may rapidly intensify before making landfall. Here we examine an unprecedented set of coastal ocean temperature records from long‐term (26 years) moorings on the wide West Florida Shelf for the cause of Hurricane Ian's rapid intensification to a Category 5 hurricane in 2022. We found that while sea surface temperatures exceeded their climatological mean values by 1–2°C in summer/fall of 2022, the subsurface temperature exceedances were even higher (2–3°C). These anomalously warm waters were further ascribed to a lack of a coastal ocean upwelling circulation due to the absence of offshore forcing by the Gulf of Mexico Loop Current. This work highlights the importance of subsurface temperature and current monitoring on shallow continental shelves, which are largely overlooked in hurricane‐related ocean heat content observing programs. Hurricane Ian (2022) rapidly intensified over a wide continental shelf with subsurface water 2–3°C warmer than climatologyThe anomalously warm water was related to the absence of Gulf of Mexico Loop Current interactions with the shelf slopeCoastal ocean circulation and subsurface temperature monitoring is important for future hurricane intensification forecasts Hurricane Ian (2022) rapidly intensified over a wide continental shelf with subsurface water 2–3°C warmer than climatology The anomalously warm water was related to the absence of Gulf of Mexico Loop Current interactions with the shelf slope Coastal ocean circulation and subsurface temperature monitoring is important for future hurricane intensification forecasts

Dimethyl sulphide (DMS) and methanethiol (MeSH) emissions from South Pacific surface seawater were determined in deck board Air‐Sea Interface Tanks during the Sea2Cloud voyage in March 2020. The measured fluxes from water to headspace (F) varied with water mass type, with lowest fluxes observed with Subtropical and Subantarctic waters and highest fluxes from Frontal waters. Measured DMS fluxes were consistent with fluxes calculated using a two‐layer model and seawater DMS concentrations. The MeSH:DMS flux ratio was 11%–18% across the three water mass types, confirming that MeSH may represent a significant unaccounted contribution to the atmospheric sulfur budget, with potentially important implications for marine aerosol formation and growth in models. Combining data from the ASITs and ambient surface seawater identified significant Spearman rank correlations for both dissolved DMS and MeSH with nanophytoplankton cell abundance (pvalue< 0.012), suggesting an important role for this phytoplankton size class in determining regional DMS and MeSH emissions. Applying a nanophytoplankton‐based parameterization to estimate DMSwprovided good agreement with a recent DMS climatology. Consequently, the observed relationship between DMSw, MeSHwand nanophytoplankton cell abundances may be applicable for modeling atmospheric fluxes. In March 2020, researchers conducted experiments during the Sea2Cloud voyage east of New Zealand in which they measured the emissions of the climate relevant gases dimethyl sulphide (DMS) and methanethiol (MeSH). These sulfur gases are produced by marine microorganisms and their emissions were measured in tanks containing different sea water types. Lowest emissions were observed in Subtropical and Subantarctic waters while the highest were in Frontal waters where Subantarctic and Subtropical seawaters meet and support large phytoplankton blooms. While DMS has been extensively studied, there are far fewer measurements of MeSH which this study confirmed be a significant, relatively constantly scaled to DMS and previously underestimated contributor to atmospheric sulfur levels with potential implications for climate. The study established significant correlations between DMS and MeSH fluxes and nanophytoplankton cell abundance, highlighting the importance of this phytoplankton size class in marine emissions to the atmosphere. The results presented here can help constrain emissions of these sulfur gases in climate models. Ratio of methanethiol (MeSH) to dimethyl sulphide (DMS) fluxes of 11%–18% is consistent across different water types in Southern Ocean watersSignificant correlations between DMSwand MeSHwand nanophytoplankton were observed, enabling development of parameterizations for models Ratio of methanethiol (MeSH) to dimethyl sulphide (DMS) fluxes of 11%–18% is consistent across different water types in Southern Ocean waters Significant correlations between DMSwand MeSHwand nanophytoplankton were observed, enabling development of parameterizations for models

Different types of digital modalities are currently available for frozen section (FS) evaluation in surgical pathology practice. However, there are limited studies that demonstrate the potential of whole slide imaging (WSI) as a robust digital pathology option for FS FSdiagnosis. In the current study, we compared the diagnostic accuracy achieved with WSI to that achieved with Light Microscopy (LM) for evaluating FSs of axillary sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) and clipped lymph nodes (LNs) from breast cancer patients using two modalities. Initially, a retrospective analysis evaluated hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained FSs of 109 SLNs using WSI followed by LM after a wash-out period ranging from 2 to 6 weeks. Subsequently, a prospective analysis assessed FSs of 132 SLNs using LM by first pathologist, then H&E-stained FSs were scanned and interpreted remotely in real-time by a different pathologist. In the retrospective analysis, the diagnostic accuracy utilizing WSI, ranged from 96% to 99%, exhibited similarity to those achieved with LM, ranging from 94% to 99%. Similarly, the prospective analysis also demonstrated comparable diagnostic accuracy between WSI (96.2%) and LM (97%). Pathologists in the retrospective study required an additional 0.8-5.4 minutes to render diagnoses using WSI compared to LM (p<0.0001). In the prospective study conducted two years later, pathologists only took slightly longer to provide WSI FS diagnoses (3.95 min) compared to LM (3.51 min) (P>0.05). In conclusion, our study indicated that WSI-based evaluation showed comparable diagnostic accuracy to LM for assessing LN FSs. Furthermore, the prospective study demonstrated the feasibility of real-time acquisition of high-quality WSIs for remote FS diagnosis of SLNs. These findings substantiate the promising potential of using WSIs of SLNs and clipped LNs in real time FS evaluation of breast cancer patients as a standard of care in surgical pathology practice.

The capacity to regulate emotions is central to children’s physical, emotional, and mental well-being as they develop. The influence of adverse childhood experiences on diminished emotion regulation (ER) has been linked to internalizing and externalizing problem behaviours in both children and adolescents. This cross-sectional study, including 479 Canadian emerging adults aged 17–19 years, examined how exposure to different levels of interparental conflict (IPC) during childhood was associated with ER (i.e., expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal) during emerging adulthood, and how parent-child closeness and parent-child conflict moderated this link. Findings revealed that at higher levels of parent-child closeness, IPC was associated with increased expressive suppression, while there were no significant differences in expressive suppression at lower levels of parent-child closeness. Similarly, IPC was more strongly associated with reduced cognitive reappraisal in the context of high parent-child conflict compared to low conflict. Findings from this work will inform interventional therapeutic and counselling practices to support the well-being of children and families.

•PTCy-based GVHD prophylaxis was associated with improvement in GRFS, NRM, and OS after MSD PBSC HSCT without increasing relapse risk.•The addition of ATG to PTCy was associated with an increase in CMV and EBV reactivation without further improving GRFS.

The objective of this integrative review is to analyze conceptual topics, applied content, teaching and learning strategies, and assessment methods within social, administrative, and behavioral sciences (SAS) syllabi and literature. The goal is to evaluate opportunities for enhancing the adoption and implementation of Curricular Outcomes and Entrustable Professional Activities 2022. Recommendations to better inform curriculum and assessment planning efforts are presented for programs and faculty seeking to optimize the integration of SAS content.