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AbstractPurpose: The use of e-cigarettes can worsen mental health symptoms in young adults. However, little is known about how young adults’ mental health may relate to their reasons for using e-cigarettes (vaping). We examined the association of mental health and vaping reasons among young adults who currently vape. Methods: Data were analyzed from a sample of young adults who vape (N = 436, Mage=25.19) who participated in an online survey assessing mental health (stress, anxiety, and depression) and vaping reasons (vape for tension reduction or relaxation, user experience, product or substance, or utility). We conducted multiple regressions and ANCOVAs, controlling for age, gender, past 30-day e-cigarette use, and past 30-day cigarette smoking. Results: Experiencing higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression were associated with vaping for tension reduction or relaxation among young adults who vape (ps < 0.001) and for those who dual use e-cigarettes and cigarettes (ps < 0.01). Experiencing severe anxiety level was associated with vaping for tension reduction or relaxation than among those experiencing minimal, mild or moderate anxiety (ps < 0.05). Conclusions: Findings show that higher stress, anxiety, and depression are associated with greater likelihood of vaping for tension reduction or relaxation. More research should examine the association of stress, anxiety, and depression on vaping in young adults to identify and determine appropriate interventions to help with vaping cessation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Mood-tailored communications may help increase the effectiveness of smoking cessation messaging interventions. We used both self-report and psychophysiological measures to test the impact of mood on responses to cessation messages in adults who smoke. Methods: In a two-part (crowdsourcing and psychophysiological studies) study, the impact of 30 smoking cessation messages comprised of five themes (i.e., financial, health, quality-of-life, challenges in quitting, motivation to quit) were tested. In a crowdsourcing study, participants (N = 600) were randomly placed into one of three mood induction tasks (i.e., positive, negative, neutral), and then viewed the smoking cessation messages. After each message, they were asked to self-report their motivation to quit, message receptivity, and the perceived relevance of the messages. In an in-lab, psychophysiological study, participants (N = 42) completed the same tasks as the crowdsourcing participants but were monitored for heart rate, skin conductance, and eye-tracking while viewing the cessation messages. Using a multi-attribute decision-making model (MADM) using outcomes from both studies, messages were ranked for each mood state. Results: The top messages for participants in the positive mood condition included the challenges in quitting, financial costs/rewards, and motivations to quit themes. The top messages for participants assigned to the negative mood condition included the challenges in quitting, quality-of-life, and financial costs/rewards themes. For participants in the neutral mood condition, messages in the challenges in quitting and quality of life themes performed best. Conclusions: Variations in the preferences of messages and themes by mood condition suggest that mood-tailored communication may increase the effectiveness of smoking cessation messages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Digital interventions have been widely implemented to promote tobacco cessation. However, implementations of these interventions have not yet considered how participants' e-cigarette use may influence their quitting outcomes. We explored the association of e-cigarette use and quitting smoking within the context of a study testing a digital tobacco cessation intervention among individuals in the United States who were 18 years and older, smoked combustible cigarettes, and enrolled in the intervention between August 2017 and March 2019. Results: We identified four e-cigarette user groups (n = 990) based on the participants' baseline and six-month e-cigarette use (non-users, n = 621; recently started users, n = 60; sustained users, n = 187; recently stopped users, n = 122). A multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (AOR) of six-month quit outcome and the e-cigarette user groups. Compared to e-cigarette non-users, the odds of quitting smoking were significantly higher among recently stopped users (AOR = 1.68, 95% CI [1.06, 2.67], p = 0.03). Participants who were most successful at quitting combustible cigarettes also stopped using e-cigarettes at follow-up, although many sustained using both products. Findings suggest that digital tobacco cessation interventions may carefully consider how to promote e-cigarette use cessation among participants who successfully quit smoking. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03224520 (July 21, 2017). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction We examined the impact of financial disclosures and warning labels on pro-e-cigarette Instagram posts and their association with attitudes toward the ad and product among youth and young adults. Methods During March to May 2021, we conducted a factorial experiment using an online convenience sample of youth and young adults (N = 1687, M age = 21.54). Participants were randomized to one of four conditions: pro-e-cigarette Instagram posts with only a financial disclosure, only a warning label, both a financial disclosure + warning label, or no financial disclosure or warning label. After viewing the posts, participants answered questions regarding their attitude toward the ad and the product. We used one-way ANOVA to estimate the association of condition on outcomes controlling for demographics. Results Young adults who viewed Instagram posts with only a financial disclosure reported more positive attitudes toward the ad than those who viewed posts with both a financial disclosure + warning label (p <.05). Young adults who viewed posts with only a financial disclosure reported more positive attitudes toward the product than those who viewed posts with only a warning label, both a financial disclosure + warning label, and without either (p s <.05). Differences were not statistically significant for youth. E-cigarette use status was associated with increased positive attitudes toward the ad (p <.001) and product (p <.001) for all participants. Conclusions Our results can inform policy interventions to mitigate the effects of e-cigarette social media marketing among youth and young adults. Including financial disclosures may not decrease appeal of e-cigarettes compared to posts without either. Implications Findings from the study suggest that a warning label may be more effective in reducing the effects of pro-e-cigarette social media posts than a financial disclosure among young adults. Public health officials should examine additional strategies beyond financial disclosures and warning labels (eg, social media peer mentoring program) to offset the persuasive effects of pro-e-cigarette social media marketing posts on young people. Additional policy interventional efforts are needed to limit the impact of e-cigarette social media marketing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]