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En este estudio analizamos el reconocimiento de emociones en música a través de la evaluación dinámica de la valencia de 285 canciones seleccionadas. Nuestro objetivo fue utilizar un método desarrollado para analizar el valor emocional de una canción a partir de sus letras en español, utilizando tecnología para inferir las emociones expresadas en frases. Se empleó el paquete Syuzhet en el entorno R para la estimación de la valencia, incorporando tres léxicos emocionales distintos. También se realizó un análisis de frecuencia de palabras. Los resultados resaltaron la predominancia de emociones positivas como la alegría y emociones negativas como la tristeza. Las letras de Juan Gabriel exploran predominantemente temas de amor y desamor. En general, la música norteña mexicana refleja el amor hacia una mujer, su traición y el camino hacia la recuperación emocional.

The authors introduce BERTNN (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers Neural Network), a novel methodology designed to expand affective lexicons, a critical component in sociological research. BERTNN estimates the affective meanings and their distribution for new concepts, bypassing the need for extensive surveys by leveraging their contextual usage in language. The cornerstone of BERTNN is the use of nuanced word embeddings from Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers. BERTNN uniquely encodes words within the framework of synthesized social event sentences, preserving their meaning across actor-behavior-object positions. The model is fine-tuned on the basis of the implied sentiment changes, providing a more refined estimation of affective meanings. BERTNN outperforms previous approaches, setting a new standard in deriving multidimensional affective meanings for novel concepts. It efficiently replicates sentiment ratings that traditionally require extensive survey hours, demonstrating the power of automated modeling in sociological research. The expanded affective lexicons that can be produced with BERTNN cater to shifting cultural meanings and diverse subgroups, demonstrating the potential of computational linguistics to enrich the measurement tools in sociological research. This article underscores the novelty and significance of BERTNN in the broader context of sociological methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical communication between marine bacteria and their algal hosts drives population dynamics and ultimately determines the fate of major biogeochemical cycles in the ocean. To gain deeper insights into this small molecule exchange, we screened niche-specific metabolites as potential modulators of the secondary metabolome of the roseobacter, Roseovarius tolerans. Metabolomic analysis led to the identification of a group of cryptic lipids that we have termed roseoceramides. The roseoceramides are elicited by iron-binding algal flavonoids, which are produced by macroalgae that Roseovarius species associate with. Investigations into the mechanism of elicitation show that iron limitation in R. tolerans initiates a stress response that results in lowered oxidative phosphorylation, increased import and catabolism of algal exudates, and reconfiguration of lipid ynthesis to prioritize production of roseoceramides over phospholipids, likely to fortify membrane integrity as well as promote a sessile and symbiotic lifestyle. Our findings add new small molecule words and their "meanings" to the algal-bacterial lexicon and have implications for the initiation of these interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The differential dictionaries of American Spanish of the 21st century record part of the lexicon of navigation of 16th and 17th centuries. Their analysis confirms that maritime terms with new American meanings coexist alongside others that still retain their nautical meaning. The purpose of this research is to collect and quantitatively analyse the nautical words that appear in 60 works from the 16th and 17th centuries and that are recorded in current differential lexicographical repertoires. The quantitative data are collected using a textual substantiation methodology. A total of 98 nautical terms are recorded, of which more than half show evidence of semantic adaptation, 35 % are frequently used Americanisms, and only 7 % are indigenisms. The results allow us to know the textual antecedents of the American seafaring lexicon, and to evaluate the use of these terms in the first centuries of the formation of American Spanish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the legacy and evolution of Marxist terminology in East European literary theory from the Russian formalists to Juri Lotman's semiotics of culture. Russian theorists adopted key metaphors as "conflicts" and "organized violence", but repurposed them to describe the construction of the poetic text rather than class struggle. Lotman inherited this metaphorical lexicon and applied it to all kinds of artistic texts and the semiosphere at large. At the same time, he reinterpreted Mikhail Bakhtin's concept of dialogism for analyzing social conflicts. These terminological transfers (from politics to poetics and back) and accompanying conceptual shifts are discussed here from a perspective similar to the theoretical proposals of Mieke Bal, who emphasizes that "traveling concepts" undergo a process of negotiation and revaluation in each discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zubdat al- Fawāʾid, known as Farhang Shirkhani is a Persian dictionary written by ShirKhan Barmazid Sūr in the subcontinent in the middle of the 10th century. This dictionary is compiled to help understand poetry and the difficulties of Persian poems. It is based on poetic evidence and explanations about poems. The compilation of the book is divided into Bāb and Fasl, the first letter of each word is named Bāb and the last letter is named Fasl. Zubdat al- Fawāʾid has twenty-eight Bābs, and the alphabetical order in the middle letters of the entry word is not considered and this causes its use to be inconvenient. The main entries of the book include headwords (lexicon, proper nouns, synthesis, hemistich, and couplet), pronunciation, definition, and poetic evidence. Apart from linguistic benefits, Farhang Shirkhani is especially important due to its literary information about the interpretations of literary texts and dictionaries common in its era. So far, this dictionary has not been published, but several manuscripts of it are known. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A common terminology for diagnosis is critically important for clinical communication, education, research and artificial intelligence. Prevailing lexicons are limited in fully representing skin neoplasms. Objectives: To achieve expert consensus on diagnostic terms for skin neoplasms and their hierarchical mapping. Methods: Diagnostic terms were extracted from textbooks, publications and extant diagnostic codes. Terms were hierarchically mapped to super‐categories (e.g. 'benign') and cellular/tissue‐differentiation categories (e.g. 'melanocytic'), and appended with pertinent‐modifiers and synonyms. These terms were evaluated using a modified‐Delphi consensus approach. Experts from the International‐Skin‐Imaging‐Collaboration (ISIC) were surveyed on agreement with terms and their hierarchical mapping; they could suggest modifying, deleting or adding terms. Consensus threshold was >75% for the initial rounds and >50% for the final round. Results: Eighteen experts completed all Delphi rounds. Of 379 terms, 356 (94%) reached consensus in round one. Eleven of 226 (5%) benign‐category terms, 6/140 (4%) malignant‐category terms and 6/13 (46%) indeterminate‐category terms did not reach initial agreement. Following three rounds, final consensus consisted of 362 terms mapped to 3 super‐categories and 41 cellular/tissue‐differentiation categories. Conclusions: We have created, agreed upon, and made public a taxonomy for skin neoplasms and their hierarchical mapping. Further study will be needed to evaluate the utility and completeness of the lexicon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In his account of phenomenological psychopathology, Karl Jaspers advocates for the central role of subjective experience, something which he maintains cannot be accessed through intellectual effort, but through "empathic understanding" alone. In contradistinction to Jaspers' account, I propose that phenomenology, as a process of inquiry and investigation, is fundamentally epistemological. Accordingly, I offer an intellectual virtue characterization of phenomenological psychopathology, using open-mindedness to illustrate the close conceptual links between the phenomenological endeavor and the intellectual virtues. By introducing the intellectual virtue lexicon into the phenomenological psychopathology discourse, I then offer three preliminary recommendations for the training and education of phenomenological clinicians. Centering the educational recommendations on the psychiatric interview, I suggest that good questioning, listening, and reflecting necessarily require cultivation for intellectually virtuous phenomenological inquiry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantum mechanics would not be quantum mechanics without the many technical terms which emerged a century ago but are still found in modern textbooks. The theory was mainly created by German-speaking physicists, which is reflected in German–English hybrid words such as "eigenvalue" and "eigenstate." While "eigenvalue" was a neologism—such as was "quantum mechanics" itself—other terms in the quantum lexicon were metaphors adopted from everyday language, e.g., "spin" and "tunneling." Conversely, a few of the specialized quantum terms were later reused in common language with new meanings. In today's parlance, to make a "quantum jump" has a meaning entirely different from the one in which the expression originated. This paper examines various linguistic aspects associated with the early development of quantum mechanics and its predecessor, the old quantum theory. For example, all physicists are familiar with the quantum concept of degeneracy. But the same term has also been employed to denote certain groups of people as "degenerate." Is there any historical connection between the two widely different connotations? Editor's note: Such a specialized field as quantum mechanics naturally uses many specialized terms. Words such as "spin," "degeneracy," and "quantum jump," have come out of a variety of contexts, and some have even taken on new meanings in the general public. This paper discusses the origins and linguistic history of quantum terminology. Readers will especially enjoy learning how certain words came to be the dominant, established, terms in the field. For example, why do we talk about "eigenvalues" today when we could be speaking of "proper values" or "eigenwerts?" [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose an economic lexicon (EL) specifically designed for textual applications in economics. We construct the dictionary with two important characteristics: (1) to have a wide coverage of terms used in documents discussing economic concepts, and (2) to provide a human‐annotated sentiment score in the range [−1, 1]. We illustrate the use of the EL in the context of a simple sentiment measure and consider several applications in economics. The comparison to other lexicons shows that the EL is superior due to its wider coverage of domain relevant terms and its more accurate categorization of the word sentiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of the internet, an increasing number of users express their subjective opinions on social media platforms. By analyzing the sentiment of these texts, we can gain insights into public sentiment, industry changes, and market trends, enabling timely adjustments and preemptive strategies. This article initially constructs vectors using semantic fusion and word order features. Subsequently, it develops a lexicon vector based on word similarity and leverages supervised corpora training to obtain a more pronounced transfer weight vector of sentiment intensity. A multi-feature fused emotional word vector is ultimately formed by concatenating and fusing these weighted transfer vectors. Experimental comparisons on two multi-class microblog comment datasets demonstrate that the multi-feature fusion (WOOSD-CNN) word vector model achieves notable improvements in sentiment polarity accuracy and categorization effectiveness. Additionally, for aspect-level sentiment analysis of user generated content (UGC) text, a unified learning framework based on an information interaction channel is proposed, which enables the team productivity center (TPC) task. Specifically, an information interaction channel is designed to assist the model in leveraging the latent interactive characteristics of text. An in-depth analysis addresses the label drift phenomenon between aspect term words, and a position-aware module is constructed to mitigate the local development plan (LDP) issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Arabic Language & Literature (1735-9767) is the property of University of Tehran and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Recent changes to medical terminology and nomenclature have made strides to improve ethical integrity in healthcare. Removing tarnished eponymous namesakes and depreciative descriptions from the medical lexicon is a challenging, but righteous undertaking. In this article, the authors propose replacing the pejorative histologic description of "Indian file" with "Tusken Raider file." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The question of how the mental lexicon of bilinguals is organized to incorporate more than a single language is of long-standing interest. Evidence regarding the structure of the bilingual system comes from word translation tasks, with a central issue whether translation speed, on the one hand, and semantic effects, on the other, are asymmetric dependent on direction of translation. We report a study in which unbalanced Chinese–English bilinguals translated words either in forward (first language to second language, i.e. L1 to L2) or backward (L2 to L1) direction. Words were presented in sets of semantically homogeneous or heterogeneous experimental blocks (‘semantic blocked naming/translation’). We found substantially faster forward than backward translation speed, as well as an inhibitory semantic effect which was larger in backward than in forward translation. We suggest that a word presented in L2 leads to a less stable/rich conceptual activation than one presented in L1, which in subsequent translation leads to slower translation times and larger semantic effects in backward than in forward translation. Results are informative with regard to the structure and organization of the bilingual lexicon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the satisfaction and sustainability concerns of whale-watching tourists by analysing user-generated content (UGC) on social media. A satisfaction model was developed and estimated utilising an ordered probit analysis with UGC data from TripAdvisor over the last 13 years that includes a specific whale-watching lexicon. The model addresses most of the physical, human, environmental, experiential, and operational aspects of the activity, including consumers' feelings and sustainability concerns. The significance of the variables in the model was proven with the available empirical data. The findings provide a comprehensive description of the underpinnings of whale watchers' preferences and concerns. The evidence reveals compelling social trends towards higher sustainability concerns influencing satisfaction, providing valuable information for the industry and its decision-makers for understanding preferences for sustainability in whale-watching tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Masked priming lexical decision research involving relatively high-proficient Japanese–English bilinguals suggests that past-tense and present-tense morphological connections (e.g., fell-FALL and looked-LOOK) are represented in their L2 (English) lexicons in a way that is similar to how they are represented in L1 (English) lexicons. The goal of the present research was to determine whether the same is true for low-proficient Japanese–English bilinguals.Seventy-seven low-proficient Japanese–English bilinguals were tested in the masked priming lexical decision task. We manipulated the morphological or orthographic similarity between L2 English prime-target pairs.We analyzed response latencies and error rates using (generalized) linear mixed-effects models.Although participants responded significantly faster to targets preceded by past-tense primes (e.g., fell-FALL and looked-LOOK) when compared to unrelated primes (e.g., slow-FALL and danger-LOOK), those priming effects were the same size as priming effects produced by orthographically similar primes (e.g., fill-FALL and lonely-LOOK), suggesting that the facilitation from past-tense primes is likely orthographic in nature. Nevertheless, the low-proficient bilinguals showed significant L2-L2 repetition priming (e.g., fall-FALL and look-LOOK), suggesting that, for those individuals, L2 (English) words are at least represented at the lexical level.The present study empirically confirmed a prediction, derived from a post hoc exploratory analysis in our previous research, that masked morphological priming effects are no larger than orthographic priming effects in low-proficient bilinguals. This indicates that a certain level of functional proficiency is required to observe morphological priming effects for Japanese–English bilinguals.Our results suggest that morphological connections in L2 are not yet established for low-proficient bilinguals, even when L2 words are lexically represented in their mental lexicon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Safety culture as a concept is examined from scientific and pragmatic perspectives. • The case is made for the removal of safety culture from the safety science lexicon. • Much safety culture research is vulnerable to a fallacy of logic – we should not take a selection of parts to equal the whole. • Robust research of the various individual 'elements' of safety culture, in methodologically appropriate ways, will enhance the field of safety science and better support improvements in practice. Safety culture remains a key concept in occupational safety management. In the North American construction industry, regulators are growing increasingly interested in safety culture as phenomenon, requiring a demonstrable 'good safety culture' for a license to operate. However, safety culture is arguably unable to deliver on such ambitions. It remains undefined and the field of safety science that surrounds is fragmented and incoherent, unable to support theory building and the generation of universal knowledge. Although a variety of models and methodologies can be applied in the research of safety culture, they are often vulnerable to a fallacy of logic – they combine component safety parts and claim the whole as culture – or to more fundamental ontological and epistemological limitations around external validity. Considerations of the investments of time, money and resource for such examinations should also be considered. Here, we unpack these ideas further and make the case for increased coherence in 'safety culture research', with a focus on both scientific rigor and pragmatic application. We reflect on the theory, discussions and debates made to date with the ambition of illuminating areas of commonality and those of conflict within the safety science academic and practitioner communities. Ultimately, we argue for the elimination of safety culture from the safety science lexicon. Instead, robust research of its various component parts, and their relationships to safety performance, will be better able to support the generation of valid and reliable knowledge that also enhances the development of the field of safety science as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bilingual Lexicon Induction (BLI) aims to induce word translation pairs across different languages. We find there is a large proportion of polysemous words in the dataset used by BLI, which impacts the quality of the induced translation pairs. In particular, the mainstream BLI models map two monolingual word embeddings (WEs) into a shared space and regard the closest cross-lingual words as translation pairs. However, when a word has multiple translations, it becomes challenging to ensure that the polysemous word is the closest neighbor to all its translations. Based on the analysis of polysemy, we propose a simple yet effective method by harnessing polysemous words to enhance BLI. We first detect polysemous words in the seed lexicons and filter their multiple translations by comparing their semantic similarities. Therefore, a refined seed lexicon mitigates the confusion caused by translations with divergent semantics for the BLI model. Moreover, in scenarios where only single translations are available in the seed lexicon, we propose to employ a Large Language Model (LLM) to acquire monolingual synonyms, thereby refining the structure of the seed lexicon more effectively. On benchmark BLI datasets, our method demonstrates superior performance compared to five state-of-the-art (SOTA) baseline systems across almost all experimental language pairs, encompassing both sides of three similar language pairs and three distant language pairs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Gene editing therapies offer the possibility of substantial improvement in treatment and quality of life for people with haemophilia (PWH) in a landscape of dynamic therapeutic advancement. Developing a common and understandable language to discuss gene editing will be essential to ensure these treatments can be deployed in a safe and effective manner with fully informed and shared decision-making between healthcare professionals (HCPs) and PWH. A lexicon explaining and clarifying key concepts is one potential tool to address these aims. Here we evaluate how a gene editing lexicon could be deployed to maximise impact and improve patient outcomes., Aim: To operationalise the gene editing lexicon for successful adoption by the haemophilia community., Methods: Through an innovative, iterative process, representatives from the haemophilia community, including multidisciplinary HCPs, PWH, and caregivers, with support from language strategy experts, developed a gene editing lexicon and evaluated operational aspects for real-world adoption of this resource., Results: A gene editing lexicon was developed, including infographics illustrating key concepts. Infographics were adapted from the lexicon to further clarify and communicate these concepts. Infographics were found to be a potentially vital tool for enhancing the practical use of the lexicon to promote shared decision-making and attain informed consent for gene editing therapies., Conclusion: A gene editing lexicon shows promise for improving the understanding of gene editing for all stakeholders in the haemophilia community. Ensuring the lexicon remains up to date with current therapies and appropriate strategies for adoption such as infographics will enable this resource to have maximum impact., (© 2025 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The lexicon is an evolving symbolic system that expresses an unbounded set of emerging meanings with a limited vocabulary. As a result, words often extend to new meanings. Decades of research have suggested that word meaning extension is non-arbitrary, and recent work formalizes this process as cognitive models of semantic chaining whereby emerging meanings link to existing ones that are semantically close. Existing approaches have typically focused on a dichotomous formulation of chaining, couched in the exemplar or prototype theories of categorization. However, these accounts yield either memory-intensive or simplistic representations of meaning, while evidence for them is mixed. We propose a unified probabilistic framework, infinite mixture chaining , that derives different forms of chaining through the lens of cognitive efficiency. This framework subsumes the existing chaining models as a trade-off between representational accuracy and memory complexity, and it contributes a flexible class of models that supports the dynamic construction of word meaning by automatically forming semantic clusters informed by existing and novel usages. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this framework in reconstructing the historical development of the lexicon across multiple word classes and in different languages, and we also show that it correlates with human judgment of semantic change. Our study offers an efficiency-based view on the cognitive mechanisms of word meaning extension in the evolution of the lexicon., Competing Interests: Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interests., (© 2025 Lei Yu and Yang Xu.)