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A Cu/Co tandem catalysis protocol was developed to conduct the hydroformylation of olefins using CO2/H2 and PMHS (polymethylhydrosiloxane) as a readily available and environmentally friendly hydride source. This methodology was performed via a two‐step approach consisting of the copper‐catalyzed reduction of CO2 by hydrosilane and subsequent cobalt‐promoted hydroformylation with H2 and the in situ formed CO. The optimized triphos oxide ligand, which presumably facilitates the migratory insertion of CO gives moderate to excellent yields for both terminal and internal alkenes. This earth‐abundant metal catalysis provides a reliable and efficient way to afford useful aldehydes in industry using silicon by‐product PMHS as hydrogen source and renewable CO2 as carbonyl source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designing earth‐abundant metal complexes as efficient molecular photocatalysts for visible light‐driven CO2 reduction is a key challenge in artificial photosynthesis. Here, we demonstrated the first example of a mononuclear iron pyridine‐thiolate complex that functions both as a photosensitizer and catalyst for CO2 reduction. This single‐component bifunctional molecular photocatalyst efficiently reduced CO2 to formate and CO with a total turnover number (TON) of 46 and turnover frequency (TOF) of 11.5 h−1 in 4 h under visible light irradiation. Notably, the quantum yield was determined to be 8.4 % for the generation of formate and CO at 400 nm. Quenching experiments indicate that high photocatalytic activity is mainly attributed to the rapid intramolecular quenching protocol. The mechanism investigation by DFT calculation and electrochemical studies revealed that the protonation of Febpy(pyS)2 is indispensable step for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of KF/Mg‐Fe oxides were fabricated via the solid‐state reaction between KF and Mg‐Fe oxides. Especially, when 20 wt % KF was supported on the Mg‐Fe bi‐metal oxides and calcined at 400–600 °C, the solid material with more basic sites than the support itself was obtained. When applied as catalyst to dimethyl carbonate (DMC) synthesis through transesterification of ethylene carbonate (EC) and methanol, this material can afforded up to 88 % yield and 97 % selectivity toward DMC in 2 h under reflux conditions with the molar ratio of methanol to ethylene carbonate set at 8. It is worth noting that the catalyst was easily separated and reused, retaining at least 89 % catalytic activity during the first four recycles. Although an attenuated activity was still observed due to the inevitable filtration loss and dissolution, this solid base can still provide clues to the development recyclable catalyst in green synthesis of DMC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designing earth-abundant metal complexes as efficient molecular photocatalysts for visible light-driven CO 2 reduction is a key challenge in artificial photosynthesis. Here, we demonstrated the first example of a mononuclear iron pyridine-thiolate complex that functions both as a photosensitizer and catalyst for CO 2 reduction. This single-component bifunctional molecular photocatalyst efficiently reduced CO 2 to formate and CO with a total turnover number (TON) of 46 and turnover frequency (TOF) of 11.5 h -1 in 4 h under visible light irradiation. Notably, the quantum yield was determined to be 8.4 % for the generation of formate and CO at 400 nm. Quenching experiments indicate that high photocatalytic activity is mainly attributed to the rapid intramolecular quenching protocol. The mechanism investigation by DFT calculation and electrochemical studies revealed that the protonation of Febpy(pyS) 2 is indispensable step for photocatalytic CO 2 reduction., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Background: Delirium is a neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by acute disturbances of consciousness with rapid onset, rapid progression, obvious fluctuations, and preventable, reversible, and other characteristics. Patients with delirium in the intensive care unit (ICU) are often missed or misdiagnosed and do not receive adequate attention., Aim: To analyze the risk factors for delirium in ICU patients and explore the application of emotional nursing with pain nursing in the management of delirium., Methods: General data of 301 critically ill patients were retrospectively collected, including histories (cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, hypertension, smoking, alcoholism, and diabetes), age, sex, diagnosis, whether surgery was performed, and patient origin (emergency/clinic). Additionally, the duration of sedation, Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale score, combined emotional and pain care, ventilator use duration, vasoactive drug use, drainage tube retention, ICU stay duration, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, white blood cell count, body temperature, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score were recorded within 24 h after ICU admission. Patients were assessed for delirium according to confusion assessment method for the ICU, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the risk factors for delirium in the patients., Results: Univariate logistic regression analysis was performed on the 24 potential risk factors associated with delirium in ICU patients. The results showed that 16 risk factors were closely related to delirium, including combined emotional and pain care, history of diabetes, and patient origin. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that no combined emotional and pain care, history of diabetes, emergency source, surgery, long stay in the ICU, smoking history, and high APACHE II score were independent risk factors for delirium in ICU patients., Conclusion: Patients with diabetes and/or smoking history, postoperative patients, patients with a high APACHE II score, and those with emergency ICU admission need emotional and pain care, flexible visiting modes, and early intervention to reduce delirium incidence., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest for this article., (©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

A Cu/Co tandem catalysis protocol was developed to conduct the hydroformylation of olefins using CO 2 /H 2 and PMHS (polymethylhydrosiloxane) as a readily available and environmentally friendly hydride source. This methodology was performed via a two-step approach consisting of the copper-catalyzed reduction of CO 2 by hydrosilane and subsequent cobalt-promoted hydroformylation with H 2 and the in situ formed CO. The optimized triphos oxide ligand, which presumably facilitates the migratory insertion of CO gives moderate to excellent yields for both terminal and internal alkenes. This earth-abundant metal catalysis provides a reliable and efficient way to afford useful aldehydes in industry using silicon by-product PMHS as hydrogen source and renewable CO 2 as carbonyl source., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)