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[Display omitted] • A novel type of PILs has been fabricated. • PILs integrate the permanent pores of porous solids with the exceptional properties of ILs. • PILs possess high activity and selectivity for the DBT oxidation. • IL moiety serves as an extractant to enrich DBT and creates an electrostatic solvent effect. • UiO-66 moiety serves as a catalysis to handily catalyze the ODS reaction. Developing a highly efficient strategy for the stabilization of the solid-liquid interface is a persistent pursuit for researchers. Herein, porous ionic liquids based on UiO-66 (Zr) porous materials were synthesized and applied to the selective desulfurization catalysis, which integrates the permanent pores of porous solids with the exceptional properties of ionic liquids. Results show that porous ionic liquids possess high activity and selectivity for dibenzothiophene. Experimental analysis and density functional theory calculations revealed that the ionic liquids moiety served as an extractant to enrich dibenzothiophene into the porous ionic liquids phase through the π···π and C H···π interactions. Additionally, the electrostatic solvent effect in the porous ionic liquids contributes to the stabilization solid-liquid interface, which was favorable for UiO-66 moiety to catalytically activate hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) to generate ·OH radicals, and subsequently oxidized dibenzothiophene to the corresponding sulfone. It is hoped that the development of porous ionic liquids could pave a new route to the stabilization of the solid-liquid interface for catalytic oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mechanical damage to plants triggers local and systemic electrical signals that are eventually decoded into plant defense responses. These responses are constantly affected by other environmental stimuli in nature, for instance, light fluctuation. In recent years, studies on decoding plant electrical signals powered by various machine learning models are increasing in a sense of early prediction or detection of different environmental stresses that threaten plant growth or crop yields. However, the main bottleneck is the low-throughput nature of plant electrical signals, making it challenging to obtain a substantial amount of training data. Consequently, training these models with small datasets often leads to unsatisfactory performance. Results: In the present work, we set out to decode wound-induced electrical signals (also termed slow wave potentials, SWPs) from plants that are deprived of light to different extents. Using non-invasive electrophysiology, we separately collected sets of local and distal SWPs from the treated plants. Then, we proposed a workflow based on few-shot learning to automatically identify SWPs. This workflow incorporates data preprocessing, feature extraction, data augmentation and classifier training. We established the integral and the first-order derivative as features for efficiently classifying SWPs. We then proposed an Adversarial Autoencoder (AAE) structure to augment the SWP samples. Combining them, the Random Forest classifier allowed remarkable classification accuracies of 0.99 for both local and systemic SWPs. In addition, in comparison to two other reported methods, our proposed AAE structure enabled better classification results using our tested features and classifiers. Conclusions: The results of this study establish new features for efficiently classifying wound-induced electrical signals, which allow for distinguishing dark-affected local and systemic plant wound responses. We also propose a new data augmentation structure to generate virtual plant electrical signals. The methods proposed in this study could be further applied to build models for crop plants using electrical signals as inputs, and also to process other small-scale signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Fe single-atom adsorbents based on BNCO (Fe-BNCO) was synthesized. • Fe-BNCO-0.5 exhibits excellent adsortpin capacity for DBT (49.7 mg S/g). • Fe-doping results in a decrease of the crystallininty and a higher specific surface area. • The enhanced performance is sourced from the newly formed S-Fe coordination bond. Adsorbents with high adsorption capacity and selectivity have long been the pursuit of researchers in the field of adsorptive desulfurization. In this study, a novel single-atom adsorbent comprised of iron (Fe) integrated into C, O co-doped hexagonal boron nitride (Fe-BNCO) has been successfully synthesized. This unique material demonstrates outstanding adsorption capabilities, boasting an adsorption capacity of 49.7 mg S/g and excellent selectivity for adsorptive desulfurization. Notably, this adsorption capacity is 48.6 % higher than that of pure BNCO. The incorporation of the Fe element into boron nitride materials induces a reduction in crystallinity and an increase in specific surface area, resulting in a higher number of available adsorption sites. Combining experimental analysis with theoretical calculations, we propose that the exceptional adsorption performance of Fe-BNCO can be attributed to the formation of S-Fe coordination interaction, while maintaining the existing π-π interactions. This study advances our understanding of adsorbents with high adsorption capacity and selectivity, providing valuable insights for the field of adsorptive desulfurization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The magnetic couplings of SrCaCoTeO 6 are significantly influenced by the A-site disorder. • The effect of A-site disorder can be negligible on the electronic structure. • All structures with different cationic arrangements show semiconducting nature. • The chemical combination is confirmed to be Sr2+Ca2+Co2+Te6+O2− 6. Herein, the effect of A-site disorder on the electronic structures and magnetic properties in double perovskite SrCaCoTeO 6 was systemically investigated using the first-principles calculations. Our results indicate that its magnetic coupling is significantly influenced by the A-site disorder, i.e., the ground magnetic properties vary with different cationic arrangement. However, this effect can be negligible on the electronic structure. Its semiconducting nature does not alter despite of different structures. Further analysis confirms that the B-site Co2+ is magnetic cation in the high-spin state with 3d7 (t 2g 5e g 2) electronic configuration, while Te at B′-site is nonmagnetic with no contribution to the magnetism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constructing reasonable pore structures and elements doping are significant for applying porous carbon materials in supercapacitors. Black humic acid is widely distributed in soils, waters and sediments, which inherently contains oxygen functional groups. In this research, black humic acid is used as a carbon source, and H 2 O 2 oxidation is synergistically applied with KOH activation to promote the formation of mesopores and enhance oxygen content to prepare the oxygen-rich and mesopore-rich hierarchical porous carbon material (HPC OA). HPC OA has a high oxygen content of 26.39 atom%, an abundant mesopore ratio of 87.00%, and a high specific surface area of 1727 m2·g-1. In a 6 M KOH electrolyte, the electrode material of HPC OA as a supercapacitor exhibits a specific capacitance of 226 F⋅g-1 at 0.2 A⋅g-1. The symmetric electrodes exhibit an energy density of 11.28 Wh⋅kg−1 with a power density of 60.00 W⋅kg−1 and the capacitor retention are 98.53% after 6000 cycles. The research proposes a new strategy from hierarchical porous carbon materials to regulate the mesoporous formation and oxygen doping, providing carbon electrode materials for supercapacitors with excellent performance. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Dynamic loaded tooth contact analysis (DLTCA) for computing entrainment speed. • Accurate solution to elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) governing equation. • Discrete convolution and fast Fourier transformation (DC-FFT) for flank elastic deformation. • A separation flow method for iteration of EHL governing equation. • Accurate entrainment effect-based EHL forecasting model for hypoid gears. In full consideration of time-varying meshing performance and oil film characteristics, entrainment effect on elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) is developed for establishing accurate forecasting model of the complex hypoid gears. Firstly, dynamic loaded tooth contact analysis (DLTCA) is employed to determine the meshing interface kinematics, load distribution and entrainment speed under dynamic load condition. Then, entrainment speed is introduced into the EHL governing equation and accurate forecasting model is established. With accurate discretization of EHL governing equation, discrete convolution and fast Fourier transformation (DC-FFT) method is employed to compute the flank elastic deformation. Finally, a hypoid gear set in automotive industrial application is exercised to verify entrainment effect on EHL assessment in the proposed model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical CO2 reduction (ECR) to valuable chemicals and fuels using renewable energy is a promising way to reduce carbon emission. Herein, Sn-based films were electrodeposited on Ag foil surfaces (Sn/Ag-y) for selective ECR to CO, where y represented the concentration of SnCl2 in the electrodeposition bath. The Sn/Ag-20 electrode achieved a high CO faradaic efficiency of 96.0% with a current density of 69.3 mA cm−2. The enhanced catalytic performance could be attributed to appropriate superficial properties, large electrochemical active surface areas, low charge transfer resistance, efficient stabilization capacity of the CO2˙− intermediates, and suitable combination with electrolytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a modified relationship between small and large strain convergence by applying a small (residual) dilation angle, which behaves accurately for rock mass with the strain-softening behavior and complex dilatancy model. The modified relationship extends its applicability to a more general two- and three-dimensional excavation problems than previous study, irrespective of the constitutive behavior and rock dilatancy. On this basis, the longitudinal displacement profile (LDP) considering finite-strain is proposed, which can be corrected simply from the small strain analysis or obtained according to the actual parameters related to large deformation. The capability of the finite-strain LDP for estimating large convergences during tunnel advancement is verified by several comparisons with the existing numerical simulation and theoretical analysis results. The developed finite-strain LDP is promising to improve the convergence − confinement method when it applied to the rock-support interaction analysis in problems involving large deformation. The applicability of the displacement-release coefficient obtained from the small strain analysis for quantifying the stress relief to squeezing ground conditions is also investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalytic oxygen reductive H2O2 production is a promising approach to alternative industrial anthraquinone processes while suffering from the requirement of pure O2 feedstock for practical application. Herein, we report a spaced double hydrogen bond (IC−H‐bond) through multi‐component Radziszewski reaction in an imidazole poly‐ionic‐liquid composite (SI‐PIL‐TiO2) and levofloxacin hydrochloride (LEV) electron donor for highly efficient and selective photocatalytic air reductive H2O2 production. It is found that the IC−H‐bond formed by spaced imino (−NH−) group of SI‐PIL‐TiO2 and carbonyl (−C=O) group of LEV can switch the imidazole active sites characteristic from a covered state to a fully exposed one to shield the strong adsorption of electron donor and N2 in the air, and propel an intenser positive potential and more efficient orbitals binding patterns of SI‐PIL‐TiO2 surface to establish competitive active sites for selectivity O2 chemisorption. Moreover, the high electron enrichment of imidazole as an active site for the 2e− oxygen reduction ensures the rapid reduction of O2. Therefore, the IC−H‐bond enables a total O2 utilization and conversion efficiency of 94.8 % from direct photocatalytic air reduction, achieving a H2O2 production rate of 1518 μmol/g/h that is 16 and 23 times compared to poly‐ionic‐liquid composite without spaced imino groups (PIL‐TiO2) and TiO2, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalytic oxygen reductive H2O2 production is a promising approach to alternative industrial anthraquinone processes while suffering from the requirement of pure O2 feedstock for practical application. Herein, we report a spaced double hydrogen bond (IC−H‐bond) through multi‐component Radziszewski reaction in an imidazole poly‐ionic‐liquid composite (SI‐PIL‐TiO2) and levofloxacin hydrochloride (LEV) electron donor for highly efficient and selective photocatalytic air reductive H2O2 production. It is found that the IC−H‐bond formed by spaced imino (−NH−) group of SI‐PIL‐TiO2 and carbonyl (−C=O) group of LEV can switch the imidazole active sites characteristic from a covered state to a fully exposed one to shield the strong adsorption of electron donor and N2 in the air, and propel an intenser positive potential and more efficient orbitals binding patterns of SI‐PIL‐TiO2 surface to establish competitive active sites for selectivity O2 chemisorption. Moreover, the high electron enrichment of imidazole as an active site for the 2e− oxygen reduction ensures the rapid reduction of O2. Therefore, the IC−H‐bond enables a total O2 utilization and conversion efficiency of 94.8 % from direct photocatalytic air reduction, achieving a H2O2 production rate of 1518 μmol/g/h that is 16 and 23 times compared to poly‐ionic‐liquid composite without spaced imino groups (PIL‐TiO2) and TiO2, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasingly strict limitations on emission standards of vehicles, deep desulfurization in fuel is indispensable for social development worldwide. In this study, a series of hybrid materials based on SiO2-supported polyoxometalate ionic liquid were successfully prepared via a facile ball milling method and employed as catalysts in the aerobic oxidative desulfurization process. The composition and structure of prepared samples were studied by various techniques, including FT-IR, UV-vis DRS, wide-angle XRD, BET, XPS, and SEM images. The experimental results indicated that the synthesized polyoxometalate ionic liquids were successfully loaded on SiO2 with a highly uniform dispersion. The prepared catalyst (C16PMoV/10SiO2) exhibited good desulfurization activity on different sulfur compounds. Moreover, the oxidation product and active species in the ODS process were respectively investigated via GC-MS and ESR analysis, indicating that the catalyst can activate oxygen to superoxide radicals during the reaction to convert DBT to its corresponding sulfone in the fuel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrocatalytic CO2 reduction (ECR) to produce valuable fuel is a promising process for addressing atmospheric CO2 emissions and energy shortages. In this study, Cl‐anion doped cadmium sulfide structures were directly fabricated on a nickel foam surface (Cl/CdS‐NF) using an in situ hydrothermal method. The Cl‐anion doping could significantly improve ECR activity for CO production in ionic liquid and acetonitrile mixed solution, compared to pristine CdS. The highest Faradaic efficiency of CO is 98.1 % on a Cl/CdS‐NF‐2 cathode with an excellent current density of 137.0 mA cm−2 at −2.25 V versus ferrocene/ferrocenium (Fc/Fc+, all potentials are versus Fc/Fc+ in this study). In particular, CO Faradaic efficiencies remained above 80 % in a wide potential range of −2.05 V to −2.45 V and a maximum partial current density (192.6 mA cm−2) was achieved at −2.35 V. The Cl/CdS‐NF‐2, with appropriate Cl anions, displayed abundant active sites and a suitable electronic structure, resulting in outstanding ECR activity. Density functional theory calculations further demonstrated that Cl/CdS is beneficial for increasing the adsorption capacities of *COOH and *H, which can enhance the activity of the ECR toward CO and suppress the hydrogen evolution reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • UiO-66-BAPILs were designed and fabricated for oxidative desulfurization. • The permanent cavity in UiO-66-BAPILs was validated by gas uptake experiments and molecular size simulations. • UiO-66-BAPILs exhibited higher catalytic activity than the two components. • The mechanism was in detail studied by experiments and theoretical calculations. Porous ionic liquids have been highlighted with special interest for their desirable catalytic activity and extraction properties. Herein, bifunctional porous ionic liquids (denoted UiO-66-BAPILs) were synthesized by dispersing UiO-66 into a pyridinium-based Brønsted acidic ionic liquid ([BSPy][CF 3 SO 3 ]) for oxidative desulfurization. The permanent cavity of UiO-66 moiety in UiO-66-BAPILs was validated as well-preserved by the SO 2 uptake experiments and molecular size simulations. Under the optimum reaction conditions, the sulfur removal could reach up to 99.5% with hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant. Additionally, bifunctional UiO-66-BAPILs were deemed as both extractants and catalysts during the reaction. A possible mechanism has been proposed that UiO-66-BAPILs extract the aromatic sulfur compounds via π···π interactions and C-H···π interactions and meanwhile oxidize them with peroxysulfonic acids and •OH radicals. These findings will open up new avenues to facilitate the catalytic oxidation performance by constructing bifunctional Brønsted acidic porous ionic liquids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bifunctional guanidine-functionalized basic binuclear poly(ionic liquid)s were successfully prepared ternary copolymerization of binuclear bromine ILs, guanidine functionalized binuclear ILs and DVB by free radical polymerization, which were applied for one-pot efficiently catalyzing the cycloaddition of the simulated flue gas (15% CO 2 + 85% N 2) without any co-catalyst. [Display omitted] • Novel guanidine-functionalized basic binuclear poly(ionic liquid)s (GB-PILs) are successfully prepared. • GB-PILs provide the built abundant pores and the exposed bromine anions. • GB-PILs can efficiently catalyze the CO 2 cycloaddition of the simulated flue gas without solvent and cocatalyst. • The mechanism of co-catalyzing the cycloaddition reaction of CO 2 and epoxide with guanidine basic sites and binuclear ones in P-DBTMGH catalyst is explored. The direct conversion of low partial pressure (10–15 %) from industrial waste gas into high value-added chemicals provides a favorable solution to global climate change. However, developing high-efficient catalysts for the conversion of low partial pressure CO 2 under mild conditions is still a major challenge. Here, guanidine-functionalized basic binuclear poly(ionic liquid)s (P-DBTMGH) were prepared by free radical copolymerization. With the introduction of guanidine ionic liquids into the framework of GB-PILs, the alkalinity in the structure was improved, and thus enhancing CO 2 surface adsorption and activation ability. Meanwhile, bromide containing binuclear sites help to increase the ion density of bromide and promote the occurrence of ring opening. Using epichlorohydrin as a probe substrate, P-DBTMGH could efficiently catalyze the cycloaddition reaction of the simulated flue gas (15 vol% CO 2 + 85 vol% N 2) without any co-catalyst or solvent, and chloropropene carbonate (CPC) with a selectivity and yield of 99 % and 96 % was obtained, which was better than or equivalent to the results reported previously. Moreover, the theoretical studies deeply understood the synergetic effect of guanidine basic sites and bromide containing binuclear sites on CO 2 activation and ring-opening of epoxides, which provides a better choice for high-value utilization of low partial pressure CO 2 from flue gas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The carbon quantum dot is employed as cocatalyst to boost the catalytic oxidative desulfurization of phosphotungstic acid ionic liquid. • The carbon quantum dot favors the activation of hydrogen peroxide. • The CQDs/C 18 PWIL-1 exhibits excellent desulfurization efficiency under ambient conditions, in which dibenzothiophene was completely removed within 30 min. SO x emission from fossil fuel combustion is an important reason for environmental pollution. Achieving deep removal of sulfur-containing compounds from the fuel is essential. Herein, by combining phosphotungstic acid (HPW) with ionic liquids (ILs) and incorporating carbon quantum dots (CQDs), a series of catalysts (CQD/C 18 PWIL-x) for oxidative desulfurization (ODS) are prepared. Experimental results reveal that the modification of ILs could facilitate full contact between the active site and the organic phase, and improve mass transfer in the oxidative desulfurization process. Moreover, the incorporation of CQDs can promote the utilization of hydrogen peroxide. The synergistic action of multiple components leads to better activation of hydrogen peroxide. Therefore, the CQDs/C 18 PWIL-1 exhibits excellent desulfurization efficiency under ambient conditions, in which dibenzothiophene was completely removed within 30 min. Meanwhile, as heterogeneous catalyst, CQDs/C 18 PWIL-1 shows excellent cycling stability. The direct incorporation of CQDs significantly improves the catalytic activity and provides a new inspiration for the application of CQDs to ODS processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For hypoid gear transmission showing time-varying meshing characteristics, three always is a very complicated solid-liquid-thermo-mechanical coupling lubrication interface behavior. In full consideration of tooth flank roughness and non-Newton fluid effect for this thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication (TEHL) interface, an innovative multi-field coupling lubrication interface heat transfer model is established. Firstly, dynamic loaded tooth contact analysis (DLTCA) is performed to determine the input parameters about lubrication interface behavior, such as meshing interface kinematics, load distribution and entrainment speed parameters. Then, considering tooth roughness setup and non-Newton fluid flow, accurate TEHL interface heat transfer model is developed by establishing three-dimensional (3D) energy equation. Moreover, heat transfer model is solved for time-varying TEHL assessments including oil film pressure, temperature and thickness. Where, a non-Newton fluid effect correction is used to get accurate discretization of oil film pressure flow. In accurate solution to non-Newton fluid effect, an improved Eyring rheological model is employed for accurate computation of comprehensive shear force, flow factor and equivalent viscosity. A column-by-column scanning method is applied to determine the temperature field in a given computational domain. Finally, the numerical instances are provided to verify the proposed model. • DLTCA for basic input parameters determination; • TEHL governing equation considering tooth flank roughness and non-Newton fluid effect; • Computation for roughness tooth flank non-Newton TEHL forecasting equation; • Roughness tooth flank non-Newton TEHL forecasting model; • Time-varying characteristics of TEHL assessments [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lignin is a vital organic constituent of plant biomass and it can be transformed into value-added chemicals through chemical processes. This study employs the Density Functional Theory (DFT) to investigate the mechanistic effects of various oxidants on the depolymerization of sodium lignosulfonate model compounds into vanillin. Under alkaline conditions, OH- ions participation in the hydrolysis of β-O-4 bonds has been predicted. The dehydration of dihydroconiferyl alcohol to form eugenol, with an energy barrier of 69.0 kcal/mol was identified as the major rate-determining step in the oxidation reaction. In the absence of an oxidant, the energy barrier for the oxidation of eugenol to vanillin was 77.8 kcal/mol. However, when using nitrobenzene or H 2 O 2 as oxidants, the energy barrier has significantly decreased to 12.6 kcal/mol and 21.4 kcal/mol, respectively. The effects of temperature and pressure on the rate-determining step of the reaction were analyzed using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) software. These results have demonstrated that the energy barrier for the hydrolysis reaction's rate-determining step is positively correlated with temperature but negatively correlated with pressure. These theoretical findings would potentially help in designing the experiments and aid in enhancing the selectivity and yield of vanillin. [Display omitted] • OH- ions promote the breaking of β-O-4 bonds. • Using oxidants like nitrobenzene or H 2 O 2 reduces energy barrier. • Nitrobenzene oxidizes isoeugenol to vanillin with lower energy barrier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ZSM-5 supported cobalt tungstate catalyst (CoWO 4 /ZSM-5-DR) was prepared by a facile dissolution-regrowth strategy. The sulfur removal could reach 100% within 5h over the obtained CoWO 4 /ZSM-5-DR. [Display omitted] • CoWO 4 /ZSM-5-DR was prepared via a facile dissolution-regrowth strategy. • The surface structure was reconstructed including the morphology and the pore size. • Removal of DBT could reach 100 % by CoWO 4 /ZSM-5-DR within 5 h. • CoWO 4 /ZSM-5-DR showed superior cycling stability even after 6 cycles. • O 2 •− was deduced as the main active species for the conversion of DBT to DBTO 2. Compared with homogeneous catalysts, heterogeneous catalysts have greater separability and recyclable properties. Yet, the uneven distribution of active sites in the conventional synthetic method is a challenge. Herein, ZSM-5 supported cobalt tungstate catalyst (CoWO 4 /ZSM-5-DR) was prepared by a facile dissolution-regrowth strategy under mild conditions. In comparison to the supported CoWO 4 catalyst generated by impregnation, the catalyst demonstrated a higher desulfurization efficiency in oxidative desulfurization due to the surface structural reconstruction of ZSM-5 and the uniform dispersion of the active substances. The as-prepared CoWO 4 /ZSM-5-DR catalyst can achieve 100 % sulfur removal within 5 h, which exhibits good stability and a high removal rate even after 6 cycles. This work provides new insight into supported binary metal oxide catalysts with highly homogenous dispersion and effectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Graphdiyne-like boron nitride nanosheets were transformed into SAAs. • SAAs exhibit an enhanced adsorption capacity. • The CO 2 adsorption mechanism was evaluated in detail. • Charge transfer is the main factor in CO 2 adsorption. Developing an efficient adsorbent with optimal absorption capacity for carbon dioxide (CO 2) has always been a significant issue. Recently, single-atom adsorbents (SAAs) have been highlighted with special interest as a promising material with a wide range of applications. Nevertheless, comprehending the intricate mechanisms of gas adsorption on SAAs remains an enormous challenge. Herein, we have systematically evaluated the adsorption mechanisms over the transition metals (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) embedded onto the graphdiyne-like boron nitride monolayer using density functional theory calculations. Results show that SAAs exhibit a promoted capacity compared to the pristine graphdiyne-like boron nitride monolayer, mainly ascribed to the electron donation and back-donation mechanism between metal and CO 2. Further, BNene/Fe is favorable for CO 2 adsorption with the strongest interaction energy (−20.7 kcal mol−1). We hope this work will facilitate the design of SAAs in the field of gas adsorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The defective MoO 3 derived from Mo-based MOF was highly dispersed on nitrogen-doped porous carbon (V O -MoO 3 @NPC) by a single-step carbonization treatment. Notably, V O -MoO 3 @NPC realizes an extraordinary desulfurization efficiency of 99.1% within 20 min coupled with an exceedingly remarkable TOF of 96.2 h−1 owing to plentiful oxygen vacancies and effective electron transfer. [Display omitted] • V O -MoO 3 @NPC derived from Mo-MOF was prepared via an in situ annealing strategy. • Richer oxygen vacancies are formed due to the stronger metal-support interaction. • Incorporating nitrogen facilitates the electron transfer by shrinking the band gap. • V O -MoO 3 @NPC realizes an outstanding catalytic ODS activity of 99.1% within 20 min. • TOF can reach 96.2 h−1 by V O -MoO 3 @NPC but only 50.2 h−1 by V O -MoO 3 @PC. Electron transfer between supports and metal oxides is of great significance in optimizing the catalytic activity, while this is still an open issue for understanding its real role in the oxidative desulfurization (ODS) process. Herein, the defective molybdenum trioxide derived from molybdenum-based metal–organic frameworks was highly dispersed on nitrogen-doped porous carbon (V O -MoO 3 @NPC) by a single-step carbonization treatment. The uniform integration of organic moieties and the unique porous structure of carbonaceous materials are conductive to the active site exposure and mass transfer process during the ODS reaction. Meanwhile, richer oxygen vacancies are generated due to the weakened Mo-O bonds, which is pertinent to the promoted electron transfer between nitrogen-doped porous carbon and molybdenum trioxide by shrinking the band gap. The results manifest that the obtained V O -MoO 3 @NPC realizes an extraordinary desulfurization efficiency of 99.1% within 20 min, as well as a stable recyclability of up to 9 times. Furthermore, the catalyst delivers an extremely remarkable turnover frequency of 96.2 h−1, which is far superior to that of previously reported molybdenum-based catalysts. This manuscript provides new inspiration for designing excellent ODS catalysts by introducing electron-rich nitrogen to construct strong metal-support interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]