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A newly developed SV2A radiotracer, 18F-SynVesT-1, was used in this study to investigate synaptic density and its association with Alzheimer's disease (AD) "A/T/N" biomarkers. The study included a cohort of 97 subjects, consisting of 64 patients with cognitive impairment (CI) and 33 individuals with normal cognition (CU). All subjects underwent 18F-SynVesT-1 PET/MR and 18F-florbetapir PET/CT scans. Additionally, a subgroup of individuals also underwent 18F-MK-6240, 18F-FDG PET/CT, plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 and p-tau181 tests. The differences in synaptic density between the groups and the correlations between synaptic density and AD "A/T/N" biomarkers were analyzed. The results showed that compared to the CU group, the CI with Aβ+ (CI+) group exhibited the most pronounced synapse loss in the hippocampus, with some loss also observed in the neocortex. Furthermore, synaptic density in the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus showed associations with AD biomarkers detected by both imaging and plasma tests in the CI group. The associations between synaptic density and FDG uptake and hippocampal volume were also observed in the CI+ group. In conclusion, the study demonstrated significant synaptic density loss, as measured by the promising tracer 18F-SynVesT-1, and its close correlation with "A/T/N" biomarkers in patients with both Alzheimer's clinical syndrome and pathological changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates how and to what extent mechanization in land preparation (MLP) can help improve irrigation water productivity (IWP) (measured as rice yield per unit volume of irrigation water). We employed an endogenous treatment regression model to estimate the 2021 China Land Economic Survey (CLES) data collected from Jiangsu province, China. The results reveal that MLP adoption increases IWP significantly; a higher IWP is determined by whether or not farmers adopt MLP rather than through which channel they access their farm machines; the effects of MLP adoption on IWP are monotonically increasing across the selected quantiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Defect engineering is an effective and fascinating strategy for improving thermostability of phosphor. However, there is the challenge for the diminishment of luminescence intensity, originating from the defect as quenching center. In this work, the defect is introduced through the non-equivalent substitution of Sm3+ for Ca2+, resulting in zero-thermal-quenching (zero-TQ) behavior in Ca 9 ZnK(PO 4) 7 :0.07Sm3+ (CZKP:0.07Sm3+). Meanwhile, the incorporation of charge compensators (Li+ and Na+) reduces quenching centers and enhances the luminescent performance of the typical CZKP:0.07Sm3+ phosphor, maintaining zero-TQ behavior. Finally, the resulting phosphor are applied to assemble white/red light-emitting diodes (LED) devices, demonstrating highly stable chromatic performance and promising in white/plant growth lighting. This work provides a reference for the effective defect utilization in constructing highly thermostable phosphor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Sorghum is an important crop for food, forage, wine and biofuel production. To enhance its transformation efficiency without negative developmental by‐effects, we investigated the impact of GRF4‐GIF1 chimaera and GRF5 on sorghum transformation. Both GRF4‐GIF1 and GRF5 effectively improved the transformation efficiency of sorghum and accelerated the transformation process of sorghum to less than 2 months which was not observed when using BBM‐WUS. As agrobacterium effectors increase the ability of T‐DNA transfer into plant cells, we checked whether ternary vector system can additively enhance sorghum transformation. The combination of GRF4‐GIF1 with helper plasmid pVS1‐VIR2 achieved the highest transformation efficiency, reaching 38.28%, which is 7.71‐fold of the original method. Compared with BBM‐WUS, overexpressing GRF4‐GIF1 caused no noticeable growth defects in sorghum. We further developed a sorghum CRISPR/Cas9 gene‐editing tool based on this GRF4‐GIF1/ternary vector system, which achieved an average gene mutation efficiency of 41.36%, and null mutants were created in the T0 generation. Significance Statement: An accelerated and efficient transformation strategy of sorghum was established which has 38.28% efficiency in less than 2 months. The regenerated plants showed no growth defect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we proposed a weighted R-efficiency optimal design (WROD) criterion to obtain an effective design for experiments with the mixture when the assumed model is unknown. our approach is via maximizing weighted R-efficiency for the set of candidate models to achieve. Moreover, we discussed the WROD for Kronecker models with first- and second-order and obtained some results. (i) The equivalence theorem for the WROD is proved; (ii) The WROD has higher efficiency than R-optimal design; (iii) Flexibility in assumptions about the model, and more robust; (iv) The efficiency values of the WROD for different prior distributions were obtained by simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although extensive research has been done on distortion of heat-treated steel parts, our understanding of heat-treated distortion in spiral bevel gears is far from complete. The cooling characteristics and phase transformation of spiral bevel gears during carburizing and quenching and the effect of quench rate on the uniformity of temperature and phase transformation have been investigated using a medium-alloyed Cr–Ni steel. A new thermodynamic-based model of MS (the start temperature of martensitic transformation) has been proposed, which incorporates both the effects of austenite grain size and carbon content gradient to investigate the kinetics of martensitic transformation during quenching. The effect of austenite grain size on MS was considered in the critical driving force calculation model for martensitic transformation, which includes terms for interfacial energy, strain energy and Hall–Petch energy. In addition, a new method was proposed to characterize the non-uniformity of temperature and martensite distribution across the tooth of the spiral bevel gear. The finite element method was utilized to solve the coupled carbon concentration field, temperature field and metallurgical field. Results show that the complex geometry of spiral bevel gears results in a significant degree of non-uniformity of temperature and phase transformation during carburizing and quenching. Higher quenching medium temperature can reduce the non-uniformity of temperature distribution, while the effect on the volume fraction of martensite formed is almost negligible. Research findings presented have the potential to benefit further research on distortions of spiral bevel gears. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid dual-phase engineering was proposed to enhance ion storage and electron migration for Ni 3 S 2 /NiCo-MOF, by which the well-designed materials were equipped with ion shuttling channels and electron transferring pathways, deriving from organic ligand pillaring interplanar space in MOFs and semiconductive Ni 3 S 2 , respectively. [Display omitted] • Dual-phase engineering for enhanced ion storage and electron migration was proposed for intercalation-type electrochemical active materials. • Ion-shuttling channels and electron-transferring networks were constructed by enlarged interplanar space in MOF and semiconductive Ni 3 S 2 nanowires, respectively. • Dual pathways boosted intercalation kinetics obviously due to the leaf-like Ni 3 S 2 /NiCo-MOF composite structure. Constructing fast dual pathways for electron transferring and ions intercalating is an effective solution to develop outstanding electrode materials with high capacity and long cycle stability. Herein, dual-phase engineering was proposed to design a leaf-like hierarchical structure comprising Ni 3 S 2 nanowires and NiCo-MOF nanosheets, in which the semiconductive Ni 3 S 2 nanowires could serve as electron transferring pathways and organic ligands in NiCo-MOF enlarged ions intercalating channels. The Ni 3 S 2 /NiCo-MOF nanocomposites as cathode materials for alkaline batteries performed 255 mAh g−1 at 1 A·g−1. Notably, a full battery with Ni 3 S 2 /NiCo-MOF cathode and Fe 2 O 3 anode had a reversible capacity of 215 mAh·g−1 at 2 A·g−1, retained 62.3 % at 8 A·g−1. After 2000 charge/discharge cycles, the initial capacity remained 82 %. Moreover, the highest energy density and power density achieved 129 Wh kg−1 and 5.2 kW kg−1, respectively. This dual-phase engineering boosted intercalating kinetics by constructing speedy ion/electron dual pathways, thereby offering an avenue for designing more robust energy storage systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Incidental colorectal fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake, observed during positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scans, attracts particular attention due to its potential to represent both benign and pre-malignant/malignant lesions. Early detection and excision of these lesions are crucial for preventing cancer development and reducing mortality. This research aims to evaluate the correlation between incidental colorectal FDG uptake on PET/CT with colonoscopic and histopathological results. Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on data from all patients who underwent PET/CT between December 2019 and December 2023 in our hospital. The study included 79 patients with incidental colonic FDG uptake who underwent endoscopy. Patient characteristics, imaging parameters, and the corresponding colonoscopy and histopathological results were studied. A comparative analysis was performed among the findings from each of these modalities. The optimal cut-off value of SUVmax for 18F-FDG PET/CT diagnosis of premalignant and malignant lesions was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The area under the curve (AUC) of SUVmax and the combined parameters of SUVmax and colonic wall thickening (CWT) were analyzed. Results: Among the 79 patients with incidental colorectal FDG uptake, histopathology revealed malignancy in 22 (27.9%) patients and premalignant polyps in 22 (27.9%) patients. Compared to patients with benign lesions, patients with premalignant and malignant lesions were more likely to undergo a PET/CT scan for primary evaluation (p = 0.013), and more likely to have focal GIT uptake (p = 0.001) and CWT (p = 0.001). A ROC curve analysis was made and assesed a cut-off value of 7.66 SUVmax (sensitivity: 64.9% and specificity: 82.4%) to distinguish premalignant and malignant lesions from benign lesions. The AUCs of the SUVmax and the combined parameters of SUVmax and CWT were 0.758 and 0.832 respectively. Conclusion: For patients undergo PET/CT for primary evaluation, imaging features of colorectal focal FDG uptake and CWT were more closely associated with premalignant and malignant lesions. The SUVmax helps determine benign and premalignant/malignant lesions of the colorectum. Moreover, the combination of SUVmax and CWT parameters have higher accuracy in estimating premalignant and malignant lesions than SUVmax. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, a new position/force hybrid control strategy is proposed for a class of uncertain bilateral telerobotics systems under time-varying communication delays. This control approach features the capability of removing the use of force sensors and relaxing the assumption on external forces. Specially, the proposed terminal sliding mode (TSM)-based force observer can estimate human force and environment force in a fixed time by applying a variable exponent coefficient, which effectively avoids the temporal problems of other existing force observers. By embedding the estimated force information, corresponding position/force hybrid controller is designed to ensure transparency and stability of system, which can be evaluated by the position synchronization in the slave and the force repeated in the master. Furthermore, by selecting Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, it proves the stability of the bilateral telerobotics system under particular linear matrix inequality (LMI) conditions. The proposed stability criterion can serve to calculate the maximum allowable transmission delay with the given controller parameters; thus, the conservativeness is reduced. Finally, simulation comparison results and experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed position/force hybrid controller under different external forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep neural networks have shown promise in various fields including image processing, natural language processing and speech processing. Despite their proven usefulness in both theory and empirical studies, significant difficulties in their application still persist. More specifically, enabling deep neural networks to reason over data for knowledge acquisition is arguably challenging. Neural networks have the ability to learn patterns and generalize over data but often lack model interpretability, i.e., it is not always clear how they reason over data. Enabling neural networks to symbolically reason is one way to bring explainability and improve knowledge acquisition. In this paper, we introduce a Deduction-Preserved Embedding (DPE) model designed to learn a distributed representation that integrates symbolic deductive reasoning. Our approach effectively incorporates symbolic rules, resulting in enhanced link prediction performance for knowledge graph completion. Our experimental results highlight that the proposed model consistently outperforms baseline methods, demonstrating superior overall performance despite having a relatively small number of parameters. Notably, the version of the model that incorporates symbolic rules surpasses the majority of compared models, particularly in scenarios characterized by data sparsity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Chiral two-dimensional (2D) conductive polymers, encompassing chiral, 2D, flexible, and conductive properties, constitute a novel class of material that remains largely unexplored. The infusion of chirality into 2D conductive polymers taps into the unique characteristics associated with chirality, presenting opportunities to enhance or tailor the electronic, optical, and structural properties of materials for specific technological applications. In this study, we synthesized a chiral 2D PEDOT:PMo 11 V nanofilm through interfacial polymerization, effectively integrating a chiral monolayer, conductive polymer, and inorganic cluster. The inclusion of inorganic cluster serves to enhance the conductivity of the resulting chiral nanofilm. Furthermore, we demonstrated the chiral nanofilm as a capable electrochemical sensor for detecting drug enantiomers. The inherent flexibility of the chiral nanofilm also lays the groundwork for the development of chiral flexible/wearable devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To explore the high-risk factors for rectal cancer No.253 lymph node metastasis (LNM) and to construct a risk nomogram for the individualized prediction of No.253 LNM. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of 425 patients with rectal cancer who underwent laparoscopic-assisted radical surgery. Independent risk factors for rectal cancer No.253 LNM was identified using multivariate logistic regression analysis, and a risk prediction nomogram was constructed based on the independent risk factors. In addition, the performance of the model was evaluated by discrimination, calibration, and clinical benefit. Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that No.253 lymphadenectasis on CT (OR 10.697, P < 0.001), preoperative T4-stage (OR 4.431, P = 0.001), undifferentiation (OR 3.753, P = 0.004), and preoperative Ca199 level > 27 U/ml (OR 2.628, P = 0.037) were independent risk factors for No.253 LNM. A nomogram was constructed based on the above four factors. The calibration curve of the nomogram was closer to the ideal diagonal, indicating that the nomogram had a better fitting ability. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.865, which indicated that the nomogram had high discriminative ability. In addition, decision curve analysis (DCA) showed that the model could show better clinical benefit when the threshold probability was between 1% and 50%. Conclusion: Preoperative No.253 lymphadenectasis on CT, preoperative T4-stage, undifferentiation, and elevated preoperative Ca199 level were found to be independent risk factors for the No.253 LNM. A predictive model based on these risk factors can help surgeons make rational clinical decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Amyloid deposition is considered the initial pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Personalized management requires investigation of amyloid pathology and the risk factors for both amyloid pathology and cognitive decline in the Chinese population. We aimed to investigate amyloid positivity and deposition in AD patients, as well as factors related to amyloid pathology in Chinese cities. Methods: This cross-sectional multicenter study was conducted in Shanghai and Zhengzhou, China. All participants were recruited from urban communities and memory clinics. Amyloid positivity and deposition were analyzed based on amyloid positron emission tomography (PET). We used partial least squares (PLS) models to investigate how related factors contributed to amyloid deposition and cognitive decline. Results: In total, 1026 participants were included: 768 participants from the community-based cohort (COMC) and 258 participants from the clinic-based cohort (CLIC). The overall amyloid-positive rates in individuals with clinically diagnosed AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and normal cognition (NC) were 85.8%, 44.5%, and 26.9%, respectively. The global amyloid deposition standardized uptake value ratios (SUVr) (reference: cerebellar crus) were 1.44 ± 0.24, 1.30 ± 0.22, and 1.24 ± 0.14, respectively. CLIC status, apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε4, and older age were strongly associated with amyloid pathology by PLS modeling. Conclusion: The overall amyloid-positive rates accompanying AD, MCI, and NC in the Chinese population were similar to those in published cohorts of other populations. ApoE ε4 and CLIC status were risk factors for amyloid pathology across the AD continuum. Education was a risk factor for amyloid pathology in MCI. Female sex and age were risk factors for amyloid pathology in NC. Clinical relevance statement: This study provides new details about amyloid pathology in the Chinese population. Factors related to amyloid deposition and cognitive decline can help to assess patients' AD risk. Key Points: • We studied amyloid pathology and related risk factors in the Chinese population. •·The overall amyloid-positive rates in individuals with clinically diagnosed AD, MCI, and NC were 85.8%, 44.5%, and 26.9%, respectively. • These overall amyloid-positive rates were in close agreement with the corresponding prevalence for other populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chloroplast genome plays an important role in exploring the origin and evolution of grapes. In this study, the chloroplast genomes of eight grape germplasms were analyzed. The results show that the sequence arrangement was highly conserved and has a typical annular quadripartite structure. At the same time, GC content, gene sequence, repeat type and codon bias pattern are highly conserved. Whereas, 19 mutation hotspot regions were identified by the comparative analysis, including 9 protein-coding genes (atpF, rpoC2, rps18, psbC, atpB, rbcL, rps20, ycf1 and ycf15) and 10 non-coding regions (trnK – rps16, rps16 – trnQ, trnE – trnT, psbZ - trnG, ndhC – trnV, accD – psaI, ycf2 – trnL, ndhF – rpl32, ccsA - ndhD, trnL - ycf2). Most of these highly variable genes were involved in the physiological process of photosynthesis. Further examination of photosynthetic fluorescence showed an obvious difference among those species under high-temperature conditions. In addition, maximum likelihood (ML) evolutionary trees depend on the chloroplast genome and CDS sequences suggest that heat tolerance may be related to the phylogeny of grapevine. In the future, the highly variable sequences and SSR loci were also identified by the chloroplast genome comparison, and those results may be used for the DNA molecular marker in taxonomic studies and contribute to the heat stress resistance breeding of grapevine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of Dy3+-doped tellurooxyphosphate-based phosphors: Na 3 Ca 4- x (TeO 3)(PO 4) 3 : x Dy3+ and Na 3 Ca 3.91- y Gd y (TeO 3)(PO 4) 3 :0.09Dy3+ were obtained by a microwave-assisted synthesis, aiming to develop photoluminescent materials suitable for phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes (pc-wLED). The effect of Gd3+ partial substitution on the luminescent enhancement of Na 3 Ca 3.91- y Gd y (TeO 3)(PO 4) 3 :0.09Dy3+ phosphor was investigated in detail. When the substitution amount of Gd3+ is 0.06, the luminescence intensity is significantly enhanced. Simultaneously, the partial substitution of Gd3+ induces the increase of the structural rigidity, leading to higher thermostability and better resistance to chromaticity shifting. The study provides a potential yellow-emitting material for pc-wLED. [Display omitted] • The partial substitution of Gd3+ enhances the luminescent performance of Na 3 Ca 4 (TeO 3)(PO 4) 3 :Dy3+. • The title phosphor displays the excellent luminescence stability. • The assembled pc-wLED produces white light with R a = 83.6 and CCT = 4272 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Zn metal anode has emerged as a promising contender for aqueous batteries. However, challenges such as H2 evolution and Zn dendrite formation have hindered the attainment of satisfactory cycling longevity. In this context, a hydrophobic and zincophilic interfacial nanofilm (HZF) is successfully developed and demonstrated as a protective layer for stabilizing Zn anodes. The HZF nanofilm, characterized by its uniformly distributed zincophilic groups, actively participates in the interfacial solvated structure of Zn2+ ions, thereby modulating the uniform deposition of Zn2+ flux onto Zn anodes and curtailing the deprotonation of solvated water molecules. Concurrently, the exposed hydrophobic surfactant within the nanofilm effectively acts as a barrier, preventing direct contact between water and the Zn anode. As a result, the Zn anode coated with the HZF nanofilm achieves stable and reversible Zn plating/stripping behavior. This is evidenced by the extended cycling lifespan of over 300 h at a discharge capacity of 10 mAh cm−2, with a deep discharge of 67% Zn utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bifunctional electrocatalyst with high efficiency and low costs for overall water splitting is critical to achieving a green hydrogen economy and coping with the energy crisis. However, developing robust electrocatalysts still faces huge challenges, owing to unsatisfactory electron transfer and inherent activity. Herein, NiFe LDH/NiS2/VS2 heterojunctions have been designed as freestanding bifunctional electrocatalysts to split water, exhibiting enhanced electron transfer and abundant catalytic sites. The optimum NiFe LDH/NiS2/VS2 electrocatalyst exhibits a small overpotential of 380 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for overall water splitting and superior electrocatalytic performance in both hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER/OER). Specifically, the electrocatalyst requires overpotentials of 76 and 286 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for HER and OER, respectively, in alkaline electrolytes, which originate from the synergistic interaction among the facilitated electron transfer and increasingly exposed active sites due to the modulation of interfaces and construction of heterojunctions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MiR399 plays an important role in plant growth and development. The objective of the present study was to elucidate the evolutionary characteristics of the MIR399 gene family in grapevine and investigate its role in stress response. To comprehensively investigate the functions of miR399 in grapevine, nine members of the Vvi-MIR399 family were identified based on the genome, using a miRBase database search, located on four chromosomes (Chr 2, Chr 10, Chr 15, and Chr 16). The lengths of the Vvi-miR399 precursor sequences ranged from 82 to 122 nt and they formed stable stem–loop structures, indicating that they could produce microRNAs (miRNAs). Furthermore, our results suggested that the 2 to 20 nt region of miR399 mature sequences were relatively conserved among family members. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Vvi-MIR399 members of dicots (Arabidopsis, tomato, and sweet orange) and monocots (rice and grapevine) could be divided into three clades, and most of the Vvi-MIR399s were closely related to sweet orange in dicots. Promoter analysis of Vvi-MIR399s showed that the majority of the predicted cis-elements were related to stress response. A total of 66.7% (6/9) of the Vvi-MIR399 promoters harbored drought, GA, and SA response elements, and 44.4% (4/9) of the Vvi-MIRR399 promoters also presented elements involved in ABA and MeJA response. The expression trend of Vvi-MIR399s was consistent in different tissues, with the lowest expression level in mature and young fruits and the highest expression level in stems and young leaves. However, nine Vvi-MIR399s and four target genes showed different expression patterns when exposed to low light, high light, heat, cold, drought, and salt stress. Interestingly, a putative target of Vvi-MIR399 targeted multiple genes; for example, seven Vvi-MIR399s simultaneously targeted VIT_213s0067g03280.1. Furthermore, overexpression of Vvi_MIR399e and Vvi_MIR399f in Arabidopsis enhanced tolerance to drought compared with wild-type (WT). In contrast, the survival rate of Vvi_MIR399d-overexpressed plants were zero after drought stress. In conclusion, Vvi-MIR399e and Vvi-MIR399f, which are related to drought tolerance in grapevine, provide candidate genes for future drought resistance breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver powder, as the primary component of solar silver paste, significantly influences various aspects of the paste's performance, including printing, sintering, and conductivity. This study reveals that, beyond the shape and size of the silver powders, their microstructure is a critical factor influencing the performance of both silver powders and silver pastes in solar cell applications. The growth process leads to the formation of either polycrystalline aggregated silver powder or crystal growth silver powder. Analyzing the performance characteristics of these different microstructures provides guidance for selecting silver powders for silver pastes at different sintering temperatures. Polycrystalline aggregated silver powder exhibits higher sintering activity, with a sintering initiation temperature around 450 °C. The resulting silver paste, sintered at 750 °C, demonstrates a low sheet resistance of 2.92 mΩ/sq and high adhesion of 2.13 N. This silver powder is suitable for formulating silver pastes with lower sintering temperatures. The solar cell electrode grid lines have a high aspect ratio of 0.37, showing poor uniformity. However, due to the high sintering activity of the silver powder, the glass layer dissolves and deposits more silver, resulting in excellent conductivity, a low contact resistance of the silver electrode, a low series resistance of the solar cell of 1.23 mΩ, and a high photoelectric conversion efficiency of 23.16%. Crystal growth silver powder exhibits the highest tap density of 5.52 g/cm3. The corresponding silver paste shows improved densification upon sintering, especially at 840 °C, yielding a sheet resistance of 2.56 mΩ/sq and adhesion of 3.05 N. This silver powder is suitable for formulating silver pastes with higher sintering temperatures. The solar cell electrode grid lines are uniform with the highest aspect ratio of 0.40, resulting in a smaller shading area, a high fill factor of 81.59%, and a slightly higher photoelectric conversion efficiency of 23.17% compared to the polycrystalline aggregated silver powder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) is involved in regulating integrative brain function and synaptic transmission. Aberrant mGluR5 signaling and relevant synaptic failure play a key role in the initial pathophysiological mechanism of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The study aims to investigate the association between mGluR5 availability and AD's biomarkers and cognitive function. Methods: We examined 35 individuals with mGluR5 tracer [18F]PSS232 to assess mGluR5 availability, and with [18F]Florbetapir PET to assess global amyloid deposition, and [18F]FDG PET to assess glucose metabolism. The plasma neurofilament light (NfL) and p-tau181 levels in a subset of individuals were measured (n = 27). The difference in mGluR5 availability between the AD and normal control (NC) groups was explored. The associations of mGluR5 availability with amyloid deposition, glucose metabolism, gray matter volume (GMV), neuropsychological assessment scores, and plasma biomarkers were analyzed. Results: The mGluR5 availability was significantly reduced in AD patients' hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus compared to NCs. Global amyloid deposition was positively associated with mGluR5 availability in the AD group and reversely associated in the NC group. The mGluR5 availability was positively correlated with regional glucose metabolism in the overall and stratified analyses. The availability of mGluR5 in the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus demonstrated a strong relationship with the GMV of the medial temporal lobe, plasma p-tau181 or NfL levels, and global cognitive performance. Conclusions: [18F]PSS232 PET can quantify the changes of mGluR5 availability in the progression of AD. mGluR5 availability correlated not only with neuropathological biomarkers of AD but also with neurodegenerative biomarkers and cognitive performance. mGluR5 may be a novel neurodegenerative biomarker, and whether mGluR5 could be a potential therapeutic target for AD needs to be further studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver nanowire transparent electrodes (TCEs) are promising candidates for various applications. This is because of their excellent optoelectronic properties and thermal conductivity. However, the mechanical characteristics of silver nanowires (AgNWs) are not very prominent. In recent years, metal oxide surface modifications have been used to enhance the properties of AgNWs. Meanwhile, most of them have aimed at improving the macroscopic parameters, making little mention of theoretical guidance concerning the modification mechanism and bonding mode. To address this issue, composites of Ag 2 O nanoparticles grown on the surface of PVP@AgNWs were prepared in the present work through a straightforward liquid-phase synthesis approach, while guaranteeing the initial dispersion. The mechanism of the sodium borohydride (NaBH 4) modifier on the surface of PVP@AgNWs and the growth mode between Ag 2 O and the PVP@AgNWs surface were analyzed using XPS, TEM, and other characterization techniques. This supports the subsequent introduction of metal oxide nanoparticles to modify AgNWs. [Display omitted] • Numerous researchers have improved the performance of silver nanowire transparent electrodes through modification of metal oxides on the surface of AgNWs. However, without a theoretical basis, it is not possible to guide the reaction process. Therefore, this manuscript proposes a novel method for preparing AgNWs modified with Ag 2 O. This provides both a new method and theoretical guidance for subsequent modification of AgNWs with metal oxides. This provides both a new method and theoretical guidance for subsequent modification of AgNWs with metal oxides. We would like to express our gratitude for reviewing this manuscript, and eagerly anticipate the reviewers' comments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • NHY x P:Eu2+ possess highly efficient and zero-thermal-quenching cyan luminescence. • Absolutely cationic ordering induces rigid structure and enhanced thermal stability. • White-LEDs by taking NHY 0.05 P:Eu2+ as cyan component yield full-spectrum white light. Developing effective design principle in crystalline materials for superior optical properties remains a critical challenge. Herein, we establish the cationic ordering strategy to build rigid framework and significantly improve phosphor performance. As a proof of concept, the NaHf 2-x Y x (PO 4) 3 :Eu2+ (x = 0.05–0.2) phosphor series is constructed, which possesses absolutely cationic ordered structure and the linked outstanding photoluminescent properties. Structurally, heterovalent substitution in the lattice maintains the single-site occupancy of Na+ ions in NaHf 2-x Y x (PO 4) 3 :Eu2+, as confirmed by Rietveld refinements and NMR spectroscopy. This cationic arrangement keeps the cation/vacancy ordered distribution that ensures high structural rigidity, with Debye temperature, as the indicator of rigidity, extracted from low temperature heat capacities exceeding 379 K. The resultant high structural rigidity, coupled with intrinsic defects, induces zero-thermal-quenching luminescence up to 150 °C. Moreover, the substitution of Y3+ at Hf4+ site facilitates effective Eu3+ to Eu2+ reduction, making them excellent cyan emitters with quantum efficiency exceeding 90 % and intense violet absorption. This work provides an impetus for the discovery of the currently state-of-the-art cyan phosphors for practical applications and gives insight into the structural factors influencing luminescent properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial cranes commonly experience the double pendulum swing effect as a result of a number of reasons, including the magnitude of the cargo and the non-negligible hook mass. Nevertheless, the majority of control strategies for double-pendulum cranes, whether open-loop or closed-loop, are created using linearized dynamics and necessitate accurate knowledge of the model parameters, rendering them susceptible to parametric uncertainties and unmodeled disturbances. To solve these problems, a new neural network adaptive PID-like coupling control method for the nonlinear double pendulum cranes is proposed in this paper. By making full use of the designed composite signal and its integral action, oscillation suppression and precise positioning are realized. In addition, the problem of conventional PID parameter adjustment is solved successfully by determining the PID gains through a neural network adaptive algorithm, automatically. Moreover, it has been shown that the systematic error converges into a compact set around zero for a variety of time-varying actuator failures and saturation situations that can easily occur in practical engineering. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control method is verified through hardware experiments, and the comparison results prove the superior performance of the designed controller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• At a strain rate 3800 s−1, the dual-phase steel shows a high flow strength of 4067 MPa. • The framework structure weakens the local strain within the sample. • High-strain-rate deformation promotes the structure transformation of nanoprecipitates, alleviating strain concentration. High–strain–rate deformation of steels is prone to generating localized adiabatic shear bands (ASB) due to strain localization, leading to plastic instability and fracture. Nanoprecipitate–strengthened austenite–martensite dual–phase (DP) steel is a kind of promising impact–resistant materials due to their high strength and excellent plasticity. In this study, the effects of a combination of nanoprecipitates and the frame structure of DP steels with the hard martensite as the support framework on the dynamic mechanical properties were systematically investigated. The nanoprecipitate–strengthened DP steel exhibited excellent dynamic performance. At a strain rate of 3800 s−1, the maximum flow stress of the DP steel with nanoprecipitates reached ∼ 4067 MPa, which was 1146 MPa higher than its counterpart without nanoprecipitates. High–strain–rate deformation induced the transformation of Cu–rich nanoprecipitates from body–centered cubic (B2) to 9R twin structure, alleviating the stress concentration. Upon high–strain–rate deformation, the high strength of nanoprecipitate–strengthened DP steel induced the formation of a narrow shear band with sever–deformed microstructure. The frame–structure of DP steel restrained the transformation of deformed shear bands (DSB) to transformed shear bands (TSB) due to the deformation–induced martensitic transformation of austenite, delaying the crack formation and propagation. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the evolution of microstructure in Fe–Ni–Co–Al polycrystalline alloys and its effects on mechanical properties were systematically investigated. The results show that the proportion of high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) is 98.1 % with 51.2 % of Σ3 GBs during the solid solution (SS) process. The distribution of Σ3 GBs and other HAGBs (non-Σ3 HAGBs) are relatively dispersed, which prevents the formation of a specific orientation. In addition, there is no discernible anisotropy in GB migration during the SS process, ultimately resulting in the absence of texture. In contrast, during the directional recrystallization (DR) process, the directional migration of GBs is driven by the temperature gradient. Random high-angle grain boundaries (RHAGBs) with Σ values exceeding 29 possess higher GB energy and migration rate compared to low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) and HAGBs, making them more susceptible to GB migration. In the grain incubation area, the proportion of RHAGBs between grains oriented {111}<214> (grain 2 and grain 5) and their surrounding grains are 90 % and 75 %. These grains have the growth advantage and eventually form the main orientation {111}<214>. While the proportion of RHAGBs between grains oriented {114}<214> (grain 11) and its surrounding grains is only 65 %, characterized by lower GB energy and migration rate. Therefore, these grains eventually form the minor orientation {114}<214>. The coherent L1 2 -Ni 3 Al (γ′) precipitates were observed in both the SS-AG (SS after aging) and DR-AG (DR after aging) treatments. The DR-AG alloy, characterized by {111}<214> and {114}<214> orientations and γ′ precipitates, exhibited a 3.6 % recoverable strain and a 1.2 % superelastic strain, whereas no evident superelastic behavior was found in the SS-AG alloy, which featured a random texture and γ′ precipitates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new Al 16 Fe 10 Cr 20 Ni 24 Co 30 (at. %) HEA has been developed. • The low ductility of the as-cast AC HEA is due to the stress localization. • The partly recrystallized R800 HEA possesses multi-scale heterogeneous two-phase lamellar structure. • B2 nanoprecipitates share the stress and promotes the formation of SFs. Two-phase high-entropy alloys (HEAs) have high strength due to the contribution of interface-dependent strengthening, but the deformation incompatibility between the two phases causes instability. The initiation of cracks occurs at the two-phase interfaces, which ultimately leads to low ductility. To overcome this problem, the strategy proposed in this work is to introduce nanoprecipitates as a buffer zone and simultaneously promote stress release caused by the formation of stacking faults (SFs) at the two-phase interfaces, reducing the stress localization at the two-phase interface, thus improving the ductility. The Al 16 Cr 20 Fe 10 Co 30 Ni 24 HEA was chosen as the model material to evaluate this approach. After rolling at 800 °C, the HEA had a two-phase lamellar structure consisting of a face-centered cubic (FCC) phase and an ordered body-centered cubic BCC (B2) phase. Recrystallization occurred within the FCC phase, and precipitates were present in both the FCC and B2 lamellae. The B2 nanoprecipitates in the FCC phase play the most important role, contributing to the improvement of yield strength and buffering the direct contact between gliding dislocations and the two-phase interface. In addition, the B2 nanoprecipitates also promote the widespread formation of SFs at the two-phase interfaces, leading to stress release. More importantly, nanoprecipitates are nucleation sites for SFs. The formation of an SF network improves the strain-hardening ability. The HEA shows a yield strength of 1,120 MPa and an ultimate tensile strength of 1,540 MPa while still exhibiting an elongation to fracture of ∼25 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]