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Summary: In this study, sesame hull oil (SHO) was extracted to characterise its composition. SHO was heated to determine the volatiles and their effect on the quality of cold‐pressed dehulled sesame oil (SO). Seventeen fatty acids, four lignans (1088.65 mg/100 g), tocopherols (284.17 mg/100 g) mainly in the γ‐form, and sterol (1722.16 mg/100 g, 4.67 times more than in sesame kernel oil) were detected in SHO. After heating, the volatiles found in SHO were mainly aldehydes and acids, represented by hexanal (fatty, green aroma) and 3‐methyl‐butanoic acid (fatty, rancid aroma), respectively. The acid value, peroxide value, anisidine value, and turbidity of SO increased significantly after adding SHO, and the scavenging ability of 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was enhanced. The oxidation induction times of SO with the addition of SHO ranged from 8.93 to 9.53 h. The present study provides information about SHO and a new direction for the utilisation of sesame hulls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metabolic reprogramming contributes to the progression and prognosis of various kidney diseases. Glutamine is the most abundant free amino acid in the body and participates in more metabolic processes than other amino acids. Altered glutamine metabolism is a prominent feature in different kidney diseases. Glutaminolysis converts glutamine into the TCA cycle metabolite, alpha-ketoglutarate, via a cascade of enzymatic reactions. This metabolic pathway plays pivotal roles in inflammation, maladaptive repair, cell survival and proliferation, redox homeostasis, and immune regulation. Given the crucial role of glutaminolysis in bioenergetics and anaplerotic fluxes in kidney pathogenesis, studies on this cascade could provide a better understanding of kidney diseases, thus inspiring the development of potential methods for targeted therapy. Emerging evidence has shown that targeting glutaminolysis is a promising therapeutic strategy for ameliorating kidney disease. In this narrative review, equation including keywords related to glutamine, glutaminolysis and kidney are subjected to an exhaustive search on Pubmed database, we identified all relevant articles published before 1 April, 2024. Afterwards, we summarize the regulation of glutaminolysis in major kidney diseases and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, we highlight therapeutic strategies targeting glutaminolysis and their potential clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a numerical approach for the fractional-order Rössler chaotic systems and gives error analysis. The effectiveness of the present method is determined by comparing the numerical results of the high-precision difference scheme and predictor-correctors scheme. Some complex dynamical behaviors for the fractional-order Rössler chaotic systems are shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Isostructural, pillar-layered metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) will provide an ideal structural model for studying the influence of functional groups on fluorescence sensing. Here, we study dipyridyl linkers to tune the detection of Fe3+ ions. Three isostructural analogues of pillar-layered frameworks were used as fluorescence sensors to quickly, sensitively, and selectively detect Fe3+ ions with good repeatability. Importantly, an increase in length of the pillars and accessible volumes may lead to an increase in the fluorescence quenching constants (Ksv(PL-1) = 1.58 × 104 M−1) < (Ksv(PL-2) = 1.72 × 104 M−1) < (Ksv(PL-3) = 2.47 × 104 M−1), which may be related to different dipyridyl ligands acting as pillars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces the clinical experience of Professor Jian-qiao FANG in treatment of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) with acupuncture and moxibustion. Jian-qiao FANG believes that PHN is characterized by "stagnation" and "deficiency" in pathogenesis and it is treated by "resolving stasis" and "replenishing for deficiency". Electroacupuncture is predominated in treatment and the combined regimen of various techniques of acupuncture and moxibustion is adopted in therapeutic strategy. According to the pain characteristics of patients, the acupuncture and moxibustion prescription is drafted for resolving stasis and masses, replenishing for deficiency and regulating the mind. The acupoints include Ashi points, Jiaji (EX-B2), Hegu (LI4), Waiguan (TE5), Zusanli (ST36), Sanyinjiao (SP6), Shenting (GV24), Baihui (GV20) and Sishencong (EX-HN1). In treatment with electroacupuncture, the stimulation parameters are selected flexibly according to different pain characteristics. The frequency of 2/100 Hz is the first option, 100 Hz is used for the acute seizure and 2 Hz is for mild pain. After electric stimulation, the treatment with roller type of dermal needle and moxibustion can be applied to ensure clinical efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies, characterized by poor prognosis and low survival rates. Traditional prognostic factors for pancreatic cancer offer inadequate predictive accuracy, often failing to capture the complexity of the disease. The hypoxic tumor microenvironment has been recognized as a significant factor influencing cancer progression and resistance to treatment. This study aims to develop a prognostic model based on key hypoxia-related molecules to enhance prediction accuracy for patient outcomes and to guide more effective treatment strategies in pancreatic cancer., Aim: To develop and validate a prognostic model for predicting outcomes in patients with pancreatic cancer using key hypoxia-related molecules., Methods: This pancreatic cancer prognostic model was developed based on the expression levels of the hypoxia-associated genes CAPN2 , PLAU , and CCNA2 . The results were validated in an independent dataset. This study also examined the correlations between the model risk score and various clinical features, components of the immune microenvironment, chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity, and metabolism-related pathways. Real-time quantitative PCR verification was conducted to confirm the differential expression of the target genes in hypoxic and normal pancreatic cancer cell lines., Results: The prognostic model demonstrated significant predictive value, with the risk score showing a strong correlation with clinical features: It was significantly associated with tumor grade (G) ( b P < 0.01), moderately associated with tumor stage (T) ( a P < 0.05), and significantly correlated with residual tumor (R) status ( b P < 0.01). There was also a significant negative correlation between the risk score and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration of some chemotherapeutic drugs. Furthermore, the risk score was linked to the enrichment of metabolism-related pathways in pancreatic cancer., Conclusion: The prognostic model based on hypoxia-related genes effectively predicts pancreatic cancer outcomes with improved accuracy over traditional factors and can guide treatment selection based on risk assessment., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no competing interests, and all authors confirm its accuracy., (©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Urethral plate (UP) reserved Onlay urethroplasty is currently used widely in mid-distal hypospadias. However, for children with 15-30° residual curvature after degloving, only dorsal tunica albuginea plication is performed to correct penile ventral curvature (VC), and long-term follow-up showed a high recurrence rate of penile curvature. We developed a modified Onlay urethroplasty, which dissociates the UP and completely removes the tissue beneath the UP to fully correct penile curvature. Furthermore, we compared it with the standard Onlay urethroplasty to explore its rationality and feasibility., Methods: We prospectively collected clinical data from 68 children with hypospadias who underwent standard or modified Onlay urethroplasty between September 2019 and June 2021, and evaluated the interim outcomes to identify the complications between the two groups. Additionally, we conducted histological examination of the tissue beneath the UP., Results: A total of 32 patients underwent modified Onlay urethroplasty. Intraoperative curvature measurements showed that 37.5% (12/32) of the patients had completely straightened their penis after UP dissection and removal of the fibrous tissue beneath it. A total of 36 patients underwent standard Onlay urethroplasty. Totally, five fistulas each were reported in the first and second groups, and the complication rates were 15.6% and 13.9%, respectively (P > 0.05). The histological results showed that the tissue below the UP contains a large amount of collagen, mainly type I collagen., Conclusion: The dissociated UP Onlay urethroplasty can maximally remove factors limiting penis growth and completely correct penile curvature, without increasing the incidence of postoperative complications. Therefore, we recommend the application of the improved Onlay urethroplasty in children with mid-distal hypospadias., (Copyright © 2024 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Dyslipidemia is a common complication in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Genetic polymorphisms have been implicated in the development of dyslipidemia., Aim: To investigate the association between polymorphisms of candidate genes involved in lipid metabolism and dyslipidemia in Chinese patients with DM., Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1098 Chinese patients with DM recruited from multiple healthcare centers. Demographic and clinical data were collected, and dyslipidemia was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples and genotyping for selected polymorphisms of candidate genes ( APOE , LPL , CETP , and others) was performed using PCR and DNA sequencing techniques. Statistical analyses were performed using logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounding factors., Results: The study population consisted of 578 males (52.6%) and 520 females (47.4%), with a mean age of 58.4 ± 12.2 years. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 64.8%. Significant associations were found between dyslipidemia and the APOE rs7412 T/T, APOE rs429358 C/C, LPL rs328 G/G, and CETP rs708272 G/G genotypes after adjusting for covariates. Subgroup analyses showed generally consistent associations across subgroups, although some variations in effect sizes were observed., Conclusion: This study identified significant associations between genetic polymorphisms of APOE , LPL , and CETP genes and dyslipidemia in Chinese patients with DM., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: Dr. Wen has nothing to disclose., (©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

Long interspersed elements-1(LINE-1) is the only autonomous transposon in human genome，and its retrotransposition results in change of cellular genome structure and function, leading occurrence of various severe diseases. As a central key intermediated component during life cycle of LINE-1 retrotransposition, the host modification of LINE-1 mRNA affects the LINE-1 transposition directly. N 6 -adenosine methylation(m 6 A), the most abundant epigenetic modification on eukaryotic RNA, is dynamically reversible. m 6 A modification is also found on LINE-1 mRNA, and it participants regulation of the whole LINE-1 replication cycle, with affecting LINE-1 retrotransposition as well as its adjacent genes expression, followed by influencing genomic stability, cellular self-renewal, and differentiation potential, which plays important roles in human development and diseases. In this review, we summarize the research progress in LINE-1 m 6 A modification, including its modification positions, patterns and related mechanisms, hoping to provide a new sight on the mechanism research and treatment of related diseases.

Luminescent metal clusters have attracted great interest in current research; however, the design synthesis of Al clusters with color-tunable luminescence remains challenging. Herein, an [Al 8 (OH) 8 (NA) 16 ] (Al 8 , HNA = nicotinic acid) molecular cluster with dual luminescence properties of fluorescence and room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) is synthesized by choosing HNA ligand as phosphor. Its prompt photoluminescence (PL) spectrum exhibits approximately white light emission at room temperature. Considering that halogen atoms can be used to regulate the RTP property by balancing the singlet and triplet excitons, different CdX 2 (X - = Cl - , Br - , I - ) are introduced into the reactive system of the Al 8 cluster, and three new Al 8 cluster-based metal-organic frameworks, {[Al 8 Cd 3 Cl 5 (OH) 8 (NA) 17 H 2 O]·2HNA} n (CdCl 2 -Al 8 ), {[Al 8 Cd 4 Br 7 (OH) 8 (NA) 16 CH 3 CN]·NA·HNA} n (CdBr 2 -Al 8 ) and {[Al 8 Cd 8 I 16 (OH) 8 (NA) 16 ]} n (CdI 2 -Al 8 ) are successfully obtained. They realize the color tunability from blue to yellow at room temperature. The origination of fluorescence and phosphorescence has also been illustrated by structure-property analysis and theoretical calculation. This work provides new insights into the design of multicolor luminescent metal cluster-based materials and develops advanced photo-functional materials for multicolor display, anti-counterfeiting, and encryption applications., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Objectives: This study overviewed the current database of studies on periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) to compare outcomes and antibiotic side effects in culture-negative or culture-positive PJIs and assess treatment options for culture-negative PJIs., Patients and Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was undertaken using studies published before July 2022 in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. All studies comparing treatment of culture-negative or -positive PJIs were included. Afterward, the infection control rate, periprosthetic or spacer fracture, hip joint or spacer dislocation, and antibiotic side effects in different treatment methods of PJI were analyzed., Results: Eleven studies involving 1,747 patients were included. Most studies clearly defined the infection control criteria: no pain or swelling, no wound drainage, normal serology, and normal radiographic findings. Patients were followed until treatment failure, death, or until the last clinical visit without evidence of treatment failure. The two types of PJIs did not differ significantly in infection control rates (culture-negative PJI 79.2% vs. culture-positive PJI 76.6%; odds ratio [OR]=1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.84 to 1.70), either after all types of surgical treatment or after two-stage revision arthroplasty (OR=1.12, 95% CI: 0.72 to 1.75), single-stage revision arthroplasty (OR=0.51, 95% CI: 0.19 to 1.37), or debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (OR=0.88, 95% CI: 0.50 to 1.54). Similarly, we did not find differences in periprosthetic or spacer fracture and hip joint or spacer dislocation. For culture-negative PJIs, the infection control rate was 85.2% after two-stage revision arthroplasty, 90.6% after single-stage revision arthroplasty, and 69.7% after debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention. Data pooled from three studies showed higher incidence of antibiotic side effects for culture-negative PJIs., Conclusion: The clinical outcomes of one-stage revision and two-stage revision are comparable. Therefore, both of them can be considered in surgical treatment for culture-negative PJIs. In addition, limited data showed a higher incidence of antibiotic side effects in culture-negative PJIs.