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Indigenous chicken breeds have a large market share in China due to their superior production traits, including high meat quality and disease resistance. Yunnan Province is recognized as a major source of domestic chickens globally and boasts a diverse array of indigenous chicken resources. Avian leukosis virus (ALV) induces various tumors and immunosuppression, endangering the poultry industry. However, the prevalence of ALV infection among indigenous chickens in Yunnan Province remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the presence of ALV in these breeds. To this end, we collected 1,470 plasma samples from six indigenous chicken breeds in Yunnan province, 309 of which tested positive. The results confirmed the presence of exogenous ALV in local chicken, with a positivity rate ranging from 8.20 %–41.46 %. Furthermore, eight exogenous ALV isolates were successfully identified: four ALV subtype J (ALV-J) strains, three ALV subtype A (ALV-A) strains and one ALV subtype B (ALV-B) strain. The four ALV-J strains share relatively high sequence identity (99.55 %–99.80 %) with the GX14ZS14 strain isolated from Guangxi in 2014 and was closely related to the prototype strain HPRS103 and belongs to clade 1.1. Several substitutions were observed in gp85 proteins in the three ALV-A and ALV-B strains isolated in this study. Additionally, the four ALV-J strains exhibited 203 bp deletions in the rTM and DR1 regions, a feature commonly observed in viruses in clades 1.2 and 1.3. Overall, this study confirmed the presence of multiple ALVs in these six indigenous chicken breeds from Yunnan Province. This study provides molecular characterization of ALV in indigenous chicken breeds in Yunnan Province and provides a reference for the further eradication of ALV in China. The complex background of ALV infection highlights the urgent need for intensifying eradication efforts.

IntroductionMelanoma, a highly aggressive form of skin cancer, and Parkinson’s disease (PD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, have been epidemiologically linked, showing a positive association that suggests a shared etiology. This association implies that individuals with one condition may have an increased risk of developing the other. However, the specific molecular mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by conducting a comprehensive comparative analysis of gene expression profiles in both PD and melanoma to identify common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that may contribute to the pathophysiological overlap between these two conditions.MethodsWe analyzed two independent publicly available genomic datasets to identify overlapping DEGs associated with both PD and melanoma. Regulatory networks, including transcription factors (TFs), DEGs, and microRNAs (miRNAs), were constructed. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were established to identify hub genes. Additionally, we investigated the interplay between PD, melanoma, and immune cell infiltration to uncover potential correlations between the expression levels of hub genes and specific subsets of immune cells. Molecular docking studies were performed to identify potential therapeutic agents targeting the DEGs.ResultsA total of 41 overlapping DEGs were identified, including VSNL1, ATP6V1G2, and DNM1, which were significantly down-regulated in both PD and melanoma patients. These genes play critical roles in biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions relevant to the pathogenesis of both diseases. VSNL1 is associated with synaptic vesicle fusion and may impact neuronal communication compromised in PD. ATP6V1G2, a subunit of the V-ATPase, is involved in the dysregulated pH homeostasis observed in melanoma. DNM1, a key player in vesicle trafficking, may influence aberrant cellular transport processes in both diseases. Regulatory and PPI networks revealed potential hub genes and their interactions. Molecular docking studies identified retinoic acid as a potential therapeutic agent targeting VSNL1, ATP6V1G2, and DNM1.DiscussionOur study provides insights into the shared molecular characteristics of PD and melanoma, identifying potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis and revealing new therapeutic targets. The discovery of retinoic acid as a promising therapeutic agent represents a significant step forward in drug development and treatment strategies for these diseases. This comprehensive analysis enhances our understanding of the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying the association between PD and melanoma, paving the way for further research and therapeutic advancements. The findings hold the promise of improved diagnosis, prognosis, and personalized treatment strategies for individuals affected by these debilitating diseases.

BackgroundUterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) is one of the most common cancers in women, yet lacks specific and sensitive tumor markers for diagnosis, as traditional markers like CA125 show limited specificity. This study investigates the clinical significance and prognostic value of CDH18, a calcium-dependent adhesion protein linked to tumor progression, in UCEC.MethodsClinical data from UCEC patients were sourced from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Pan-cancer analysis, differential expression examination, and survival analysis were conducted to investigate the differential expression of the calcium associated protein-CDH18 and its prognostic relevance. CDH18 mutations in UCEC were examined using the cBioPortal database. Additional analyses included functional enrichment, tumor mutational burden, tumor microenvironment (TME) estimates via ESTIMATE, and immune infiltration assessment to clarify CDH18’s potential mechanisms in UCEC. Drug sensitivity testing was utilized to identify more suitable therapeutic options for patients. Immunofluorescence staining (IF) and Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction techniques (RT-PCR) confirmed CDH18 expression in UCEC tumor.ResultsCDH18 expression was markedly increased in UCEC and showed a significant association with poorer prognosis, which was confirmed by our IF and RT-PCR results. Thirteen mutation sites were identified, and survival analysis showed that patients with higher CDH18 expression had shorter overall survival. The expression of CDH18 was confirmed to be an independent predictor of overall survival by multivariate COX regression analysis. Additionally, a predictive nomogram model was developed to accurately forecast outcomes for individuals with UCEC. Correlation analysis revealed that CDH18 expression exhibited a negative correlation with CD8 T cell levels and a positive correlation with resting NK cell and macrophage M2 levels. In the group with high CDH18 expression, the IC50 values for (5Z)-7-Oxozeaenol, AG-014699, CEP-701, Mitomycin C, PD-0325901, PD-0332991, PHA-665752, SL 0101-1, and SN-38 were notably elevated.ConclusionCDH18 is a novel promising biomarker in UCEC, uniquely associating tumor progression, immune modulation, and chemotherapy resistance, offering enhanced prognostic accuracy and guiding individualized therapeutic strategies for improved patient outcomes.

This study explores the implementation and evaluation of online and offline blended teaching model in the Clinical Laboratory Hematology (CLH) laboratory course at Chengdu Medical College. To this end, 90 students majoring in medical laboratory technology in 2020 were selected as research subjects and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group adopted an online and offline blended teaching model, while the control group adopted a traditional one. After-class tests, laboratory examinations, questionnaire surveys, and student interviews were conducted to evaluate the teaching effectiveness. The average scores of both tests and examinations in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p

DC04 sheet steel is widely used in automotive engineering because of its light weight and high ductility. The sheet steel with holes will emerge stress concentration under loading, then the peripore crack appeared around holes until the fracture occurred. The conventional analysis started around the macroscopic experiment and theoretical analysis, but the study on the evolution law and fracture mechanism of peripore cracks caused by stress concentration effect was not systematic. So, the hole stress of DC04 sheet steel with circular, oval, rectangular and diamond holes were firstly analyzed in this paper. At the same time, 15 groups of tensile tests were verified the influence of cavity shape on stress concentration. Then, taking the sheet steel with circular hole and oval hole as the research object, the evolution of aperture and stress change law were analyzed, and the corresponding empirical formula of stress concentration coefficient about net section was obtained. Finally, the microscopic crack development was observed by electron microscopy, and the crack evolution law and the fracture mechanism caused by stress concentration around the hole were analyzed. These studies will provide theoretical support for the practical engineering design.

IntroductionMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) sequence type (ST) 45 is a major global MRSA lineage with huge strain diversity and a high clinical impact. In Hainan and Guangzhou of China, the ST45-MRSA was mainly associated with t116.MethodsThe MRSA strain SA2107 was isolated from the sputum of a 5-year-old child with pneumonia. The whole genome of SA2107 was sequence using Illumina (Novaseq 6000) and PacBio (Sequel IIe) sequencers, and the sequences were assembled using hybrid assembly. The carriage of antibiotic resistance genes, virulence genes, and mobile genetic elements were identified using bioinformatics tools. The comparative genomic analyses of MRSA strain SA2107 with other MRSA strains worldwide were performed.FindingsThe genome size of ST45-SCCmec IVa (2B)-t116 MRSA strain SA2107 was ~2.9 Mb. Mobile genetic elements analysis of SA2107 revealed two plasmids (30,064-bp pSA2107-1 and 8,033-bp pSA2107-2), three prophages, two integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs), and two insertion sequences (ISs, IS431 and IS1272). The SCCmec IVa (2B) carried by SA2107 contained the class B mec gene complex (IS431-mecA-ΔmecR1-IS1272) and type 2 ccr gene complex (ccrA2 and ccrB2). Besides mecA, another beta-lactam resistance gene blaZ was found to located on six copies of bla complex (blaZ, blaR1, and blaI) on the chromosome of SA2107. Three kinds of virulence factors were detected on the chromosome of SA2107, including genes encoding toxins, exoenzyme, and immune-modulating protein. Notably, the three prophages harbored by the chromosome of SA2107 all carried virulence genes.ConclusionThus far, only three complete genomes available for ST45-SCCmec IVa (2B)-t116 strain from United States, Germany, and Australia, respectively. The strain SA2107 was the first complete genome data (CP104559) from China for ST45-SCCmec IVa (2B)-t116 MRSA.

The contrasting response of AOA, AOB, and comammox Nitrospira amoA transcript abundance to temperature, moisture, and nitrogen was investigated using soil microcosms. The moisture, temperature, and nitrogen treatments were selected to represent conditions typically found in a New Zealand (NZ) dairy farm. AOB dominated all synthetic urine treated soils. Peak AOB amoA transcript abundance was positively correlated with estimated soil ammonia availability. While AOB gDNA abundance and nitrification rate trends were similar. AOA were strongly influenced by soil temperature. At 20°C, AOA amoA peak transcript abundance averaged over 1 order of magnitude higher than at 8°C. Within the AOA community a member of the Nitrosocosmicus clade was positively correlated with ammonium and estimated ammonia concentrations. The presence and relative increase of an AOA community member in a high nitrogen environment poses an interesting contrast to current scientific opinion in NZ. Comammox Nitrospira abundance showed no correlation with soil moisture. This suggests that previously found associations are more complex than originally thought. Further research is required to determine the drivers of comammox Nitrospira abundance in a high moisture environment. Overall, these results indicate that AOB are the main drivers of nitrification in New Zealand dairy farm soils.

Toluene and other aromatics can dissolve in atmospheric aqueous phases and undergo photooxidation reactions, forming secondary organic aerosol (SOA) after water evaporation. Copper ion is a typical heavy metal ion and is able to change the composition and optics of SOA. The reaction solution for OH-initiated photooxidation of toluene in presence of copper ions is atomized by TSI 9302, and the water is absorbed by silica gel to simulate the formation of aqueous SOA particles in this study. The composition and optics of the formed aqueous SOA are on-line and off-line, characterized by mass spectrometry and spectroscopy. Experimental results demonstrate that laser desorption/ionization mass spectra for aqueous SOA contain molecular ion peaks at m/z = 108, 124, and 140 for cresol, mehtyl dihydroxybenzene, and methyl trihydroxybenzene. The absorption peak intensity of phenolic compounds at 277 nm in the UV-Vis spectra of the collection solution for aqueous SOA increases, and electrospray ionization negative ion mass spectra show the polymer ion peak as high as m/z = 641. These indicate that copper ions catalyze the production of more phenolic compounds and hydroxyphenyl ether polymers formed by the polymerization of cresol. These products have the capacity for strong light absorption, leading to a significant increase in the averaged mass absorption coefficient () in 200-600 nm for aqueous SOA, which gently rises with an increment of copper ions. These provide the basis for studying the components and optics of aqueous SOA in presence of heavy metal ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]