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Charge transport in the active layer, which can be effectively modulated by molecular doping of organic semiconductors, significantly affects the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, it is difficult to control the dopant distribution in the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) films, which hinders efficient doping in OSCs. Herein, an effective n‐doping strategy is developed via sequential deposition (SD) of D18 donor and doped acceptor. The favorable vertical component distribution in SD films helps to optimize carrier transport pathways. The SD method confines the n‐dopant N‐DMBI to the acceptor layer, allowing positive effects of molecular doping. Consequently, the doped SD device exhibits superior charge transport with suppressed charge recombination, lower trap density, and enhanced charge extraction compared to the undoped one, resulting in a high power conversion efficiency of 19.55% for D18/L8‐BO binary OSCs. In addition, the doping does not affect the thermal stability of the devices, with the doped SD device retaining over 90% of its initial efficiency after 1200 h of heating at 80 °C. The universality of the SD doping method is also verified in other non‐fullerene acceptor systems. These results demonstrate the great potential of SD doping strategy for building high‐performance OSCs with enhanced charge transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Localized excitation in traditional organic photocatalysts typically prevents the generation and extraction of photo‐induced free charge carriers, limiting their activity enhancement under illumination. Here, we enhance delocalized photoexcitation of small molecular photovoltaic catalysts by weakening their electron‐phonon coupling via rational fluoro‐substitution. The optimized 2FBP‐4F catalyst we develop here exhibits a minimized Huang–Rhys factor of 0.35 in solution, high dielectric constant and strong crystallization in the solid state. As a result, the energy barrier for exciton dissociation is decreased, and more importantly, polarons are unusually observed in 2FBP‐4F nanoparticles (NPs). With the increased hole transfer efficiency and prolonged charge carrier lifetime highly related to enhanced exciton delocalization, the PM6 : 2FBP‐4F heterojunction NPs at varied concentration exhibit much higher optimized photocatalytic activity (207.6–561.8 mmol h−1 g−1) for hydrogen evolution than the control PM6 : BP‐4F and PM6 : 2FBP‐6F NPs, as well as other reported photocatalysts under simulated solar light (AM 1.5G, 100 mW cm−2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review used traditional and network meta-analyses (NMA) to conduct a comprehensive study of antithrombotic therapies in children with thromboembolic disease. We searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov databases from their inception to 26 February, 2023. And we finally included 16 randomized controlled trials. In the prevention of thromboembolic events (TEs), the use of anticoagulants had a low risk of TEs (relative risk (RR) 0.73, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.94) and a high risk of minor bleeding (RR 1.43, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.86) compared with no anticoagulants. In the treatment of TEs, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) were not inferior to standard anticoagulation in terms of efficacy and safety outcomes. In NMA, rivaroxaban and apixaban showed the lowest risk for TEs and major or clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding. According to the overall assessment of efficacy and safety, dabigatran may be the best choice for children with thromboembolic disease. The results of our study will provide references and suggestions for clinical drug selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The limited exciton diffusion length (LD) of organic semiconductors constraints exciton dissociation in pseudo-planar heterojunction (PPHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs), which is deemed the bottleneck hampering the further improvement in their power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Herein, a solid-additive strategy was proposed to efficiently prolong the LD in PPHJ OSCs by developing a volatile solid additive, SA-5F, and blending it in non-fullerene acceptors. The addition of SA-5F endowed a Y6+ film with improved crystallinity and more compact molecular stacking, resulting in a higher photoluminescence quantum yield, larger overlap between its absorption and emission spectra, and shorter intermolecular distance compared with a pristine Y6 film. Thus, the Y6+ film achieved a higher exciton diffusion coefficient of 1.36 × 10−3 cm2 s−1 and, thus, ∼24% improvement in the LD to 10.27 nm. The prolonged LD enabled D18/Y6+-based PPHJ devices to realize more efficient exciton dissociation and weaker charge recombination compared with their D18/Y6 counterparts. Therefore, D18/Y6+-based PPHJ OSCs afforded an impressive PCE of 19.11%, which is among the highest values reported to date. Moreover, this strategy exhibits excellent universality in improving the photovoltaic performance of different systems. Thus, it was demonstrated that introducing a solid additive is an efficient and universal strategy to prolong the LD in PPHJ OSCs and consequently boost their PCEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a new electron-accepting unit has been designed through introducing two F atoms simultaneously at α,β-positions of the thiophene fused benzotriazole unit (ffBTAZT) to build a new D–A type polymer donor (PffBTAZT-fBDT) with -4,8-bis(5-alkyl-4-fluorothiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene unit (fBDT) as an electron-donating unit. Different from the mono α-fluorinated thiophene-fused benzotriazole (fBTAZT) unit, another F atom introduced at the β-position of the fused thiophene ring of the fBTAZT unit can build an "F⋯HC" non-covalent interaction with its adjacent thiophene ring as a "π-bridge" to partially lock the conformation of the conjugated backbone and strengthen the rigidity of the molecular skeleton, which is favorable for the light harvesting efficiency and the charge mobility to improve the short-circuit current density (JSC). At the same time, the introduction of a strongly electronegative F atom can further reduce the HOMO energy level of the polymer donor, which is also favorable for the enhancement of the open-circuit voltage (VOC). Therefore, the photovoltaic performances of the PffBTAZT-fBDT based OSCs with Y6 acceptor have been comprehensively improved compared with PfBTAZT-fBDT based OSCs, in which the corresponding JSC, VOC, fill factor (FF) and photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) have been increased from 23.68 to 25.43 mA cm−2, 0.633 to 0.817 V, 58.46 to 69.94% and 8.77 to 14.53%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary Key Scientists With the continuous development of photovoltaic materials, organic solar cells (OSCs) have made remarkable advancements, surpassing a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20%. However, the PCEs of OSCs remain lower than that of inorganic solar cells due to significant energy losses, mainly stemming from the relatively large non‐radiative recombination losses (usually be expressed as ∆E3), resulting in low open‐circuit voltages. This can be achieved by reducing non‐radiative recombination, and hereby increasing the electroluminescence quantum efficiency (EQEEL) of the photo‐active layer. This review analyzes the significance of luminescence efficiency in achieving high‐performance OSCs by examining the reciprocal relationship between ∆E3 and EQEEL. High‐efficiency organic solar cells can also be used as effective organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). The discussion provides insights into the influencing factors of EQEEL and the mechanisms for adjusting various parameters, which include enhancements in photoluminescence quantum yield and the proportion of radiative excitons. The objective is to offer insights into the crucial role of luminescence performance in OSC development, guiding researchers toward developing novel photovoltaic materials or optimization strategies to enhance the luminescence performance of the active layer in OSCs, fostering the simultaneous advancement of OSCs and OLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study analyzed the signal mining of adverse events caused by finerenone based on the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) and evaluated the drug's safety to provide a reference for the safe administration of this medication in medical institutions., Methods: FAERS data from the third quarter of 2021 to the fourth quarter of 2023 were used, and the adverse event codes of the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities were compared. After the data were processed, adverse event reports that featured finerenone as the most suspected drug were extracted., Results: A total of 905 reported cases of adverse events including finerenone as the first suspected drug were extracted. The ratio of male to female patients was 1.25, and most were aged 65-85 years (30.1%). The adverse events that were reported more frequently with positive signals were decreased glomerular filtration rate, hyperkalemia, increased blood creatinine, and dizziness. The adverse events that were concentrated on in investigations were metabolism and nutrition disorders and diseases of the renal and urinary system., Conclusions: Our study identified significant novel adverse events (AEs) signals for finerenone that could provide support for clinical monitoring of and risk identification for finerenone.

The limited exciton lifetime (τ, generally <1 ns) leads to short exciton diffusion length (L D ) of organic semiconductors, which is the bottleneck issue impeding the further improvement of power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) for organic solar cells (OSCs). However, efficient strategies to prolong intrinsic τ are rare and vague. Herein, we propose a facile method to efficiently reduce vibrational frequency of molecular skeleton and suppress exciton-vibration coupling to decrease non-radiative decay rate and thus prolong τ via deuterating nonfullerene acceptors. The τ remarkably increases from 0.90 ns (non-deuterated L8-BO) to 1.35 ns (deuterated L8-BO-D), which is the record for organic photovoltaic materials. Besides, the inhibited molecular vibration improves molecular planarity of L8-BO-D for enhanced exciton diffusion coefficient. Consequently, the L D increases from 7.9 nm (L8-BO) to 10.7 nm (L8-BO-D). The prolonged L D of L8-BO-D enables PM6 : L8-BO-D-based bulk heterojunction OSCs to acquire higher PCEs of 18.5 % with more efficient exciton dissociation and weaker charge carrier recombination than PM6 : L8-BO-based counterparts. Moreover, benefiting from the prolonged L D , D18/L8-BO-D-based pseudo-planar heterojunction OSCs achieve an impressive PCE of 19.3 %, which is among the highest values. This work provides an efficient strategy to increase the τ and thus L D of organic semiconductors, boosting PCEs of OSCs., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)