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Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The genus L. has high medicinal value and has traditional been used to treat a variety of gastrointestinal disorders, as well as diabetes, edema, colds, arthritis, asthma, and traumatic injuries., Aim of the Review: This work addresses the missing information by conducting a comprehensive analysis of the traditional uses, chemical components, and pharmacological applications of the more reported species of the genus L. The origin of the genus, its toxicology, and the use of classical therapies in modern medicine were also discussed. It provides references for historical evidence, resource development, and medical research on the genus., Method: ology: Data about the genus L. were gathered via Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Connected Papers, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), electronic ancient books and local chronicles. The WFO Plant List (wfoplantlist.org) and Flora of China (www.iplant.cn) confirmed L.'s Latin name, and the species information. The program ChemBioDraw Ultra 14.0 was used to create the molecular structures of the compounds that were displayed in the text., Result: Currently, at least 740 constituents have been isolated and identified from L. These include 9 groups of chemicals, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids. They have been shown to have over 20 biological properties in vivo and in vitro, such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant effects., Conclusion: Based on pharmacological investigations, chemical components, and traditional folk applications, L. is considered a medicinal plant having a variety of pharmacological actions. However, although the pharmacological activity of the L. genus has been preliminary demonstrated, most have only been assessed using simple in vitro cell lines or animal disease models. In order to fully elucidate the pharmacological activity and mechanisms of L., future studies should be conducted in a more comprehensive clinical manner., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) plays an increasingly significant threat to human health. In this study, the processing by-products of Litsea cubeba fruit meal were defatted by ultrasound-assisted methods, then the acetone-precipitated protein of L. cubeba (LCP) was obtained and structural analysis was performed. LCP was hydrolyzed by a two-step sequential hydrolysis method using alcalase and papain. Subsequently, antioxidant peptide fraction (IV2) was isolated and identified from the resultant hydrolysate through membrane ultrafiltration, Sephadex G-15 chromatography, and liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer (LC-MS). Animal experimentation indicated the potential of IV2 to mitigate hepatic steatosis. Moreover, IV2 could effectively reduce oxidative stress-induced damage by modulating the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway to activate downstream heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P) H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). Integrating metabolomics and transcriptomics revealed enrichment in pathways associated with glycerolipid metabolism and fatty acid β-oxidation, suggesting the principal mechanisms underlying IV2's ameliorative effects on NAFLD. Transcriptome sequencing identified 3092 up-regulated and 3010 down-regulated genes following IV2 treatment. Interaction analyses based on different lipid compositions (DELs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) indicated that IV2 primarily alleviated hepatic steatosis by modulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR-α) related pathways, thereby augmenting fatty acid β-oxidation within liver cells. These results indicate that IV2 shows potential in improving high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD, with improved fatty acid β-oxidation and reduced triglyceride biosynthesis emerging as underlying mechanisms., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Excessive dietary salt intake leads to health issues, while reducing NaCl content compromises flavor. Therefore, identifying methods to decrease salt levels without sacrificing flavor is crucial. This study investigated the sensory interaction between the saltiness of NaCl and the pungency of Litsea oleoresin. Glyceryl monostearate (6.6%) and soy lecithin (4.4%) were used as gelling agents to create oleogels, which were then employed to immobilize NaCl nanocrystals, optimizing sensory interactions. NaCl nanocrystals (427.73 ± 61.98 nm) were encapsulated in a Litsea oleoresin-sunflower seed oleogel system with uniform distribution. Sensory evaluation indicated that the NaCl nanocrystal/Litsea oleoresin@oleogel system, with moderate pungency, significantly enhanced perceived saltiness intensity (29.00 ± 1.14, compared to the control, 18.48 ± 1.12) (P < 0.05). When applied to potato chips, this system noticeably increased saltiness perception. This research provides a promising approach for developing low-sodium yet flavorful foods., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors have confirmed that they have no conflicts of interest associated with this publication., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Fresh stem bark decoction of Litsea monopetala has been practiced for the treatment of jaundice and other liver disorders by the tribal communities of Thakht-e-Sulaiman hills from West Pakistan. As per the folkloric claim, this study aims to identify the phytoconstituents and evaluate the hepatoprotective action of stem bark methanol extract of L. monopetala (LMME). The in-vitro hepatoprotective effect of L. monopetala was performed by H2O2-induced toxicity in the HepG2 cell line and in-vivo by cclt;sub>4-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar albino rats taking Silymarin as standard drug. Phytoconstituents were identified using LC-QTOF-MS analysis followed by in-silico docking and validation. Molecular docking interactions between identified compounds of L. monopetala and two target proteins, namely 1VJY and 5HYK were presented. In this study, treatment with LMME at 100 µg/mL showed 67.73 % cell viability as compared to H2O2 (100 µM) treated alone i.e., 18.55 % in the HepG2 cell line. In-vivo treatment of LMME reversed the altered serum biochemical parameters and reduced the inflammatory response similar to that of the Silymarin-treated group supported by histopathological investigation. This research reveals that L. monopetala is a rich source of flavonoids and phenols which supports its hepatoprotective effects and is proposed for its usage as a promising hepatoprotective agent after controlled trials.

The encapsulation of essential oils (EOs) in protein-based biopolymeric matrices stabilized with surfactant ensures protection and physical stability of the EO against unfavorable environmental conditions. Accordingly, this study prepared zein nanoparticles loaded with eucalyptus essential oil (Z-EEO) and Litsea cubeba essential oil (Z-LEO), stable and with antifungal activity against Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, responsible for substantial damage to bean crops. The nanoparticles were prepared by nanoprecipitation with the aid of ultrasound treatment and characterized. The nanoparticles exhibited a hydrodynamic diameter close to 200 nm and PDI < 0.3 for 120 days, demonstrating the physical stability of the carrier system. Scanning electron microscopy and Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the nanoparticles were smooth and uniformly distributed spheres. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed interaction between zein and EOs through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated the thermal stability of the nanoparticles compared to pure bioactive compounds. The nanoparticles exhibited a dose-dependent effect in inhibiting the fungus in in vitro testing, with Z-EEO standing out by inhibiting 70.0 % of the mycelial growth of C. lindemuthianum. Therefore, the results showed that zein has great potential to encapsulate hydrophobic compounds, improving the applicability of the bioactive compound as a biofungicide, providing protection for the EO., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Chicken meat is highly perishable and mainly preserved by plastic packaging materials, whereas their widely used have increased environmental burden and threatened human health. Bioactive packaging materials fabricated by biopolymers are promising alternatives for meat preservation. Herein, cassava starch (CS)/sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) edible films fortified with Litsea cubeba essential oil (LC-EO) were fabricated and characterized. Results showed the textural, mechanical and barrier properties of the CS/CMC edible films were significantly improved after incorporating with LC-EO. Moreover, the composite edible films exhibited potent antibacterial properties, biodegradability, hydrophobicity, and thermal stability. Whereas the water solubility and moisture content was reduced up to 29.68 % and 24.37 %, respectively. The release behavior of LC-EO suggested the suitability of the composite edible films for acidic foods. Comparing with the control group, the pH values of the meat samples packaged with CS/CMC/LCEO-4 mg/mL edible films maintained at around 6.7, and weight loss rate was 15 %. The color and texture changes, and the lipid oxidation of the meat samples with CS/CMC/LCEO-4 mg/mL packaging were also markedly delayed. The microbial growth was retarded at 6.35 log CFU/g after storage for 10 days. These findings suggested the CS/CMC/LCEO-4 mg/mL edible films had great potential for chicken meat preservation., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. (Lauraceae) is a valuable industrial crop that produces essential oil. The essential oil extracted from L. cubeba (LCEO) has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and high antioxidant properties, with great potential for increased usage in the food industry. This literature review summarizes the extraction techniques, content and chemical composition, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of LCEO, with a focus on its usage in the food industry, which is an area of substantial recent research. The chemical composition of LCEO, which is affected by various factors, plays a key role in determining its bioactivity and usage in food. The potent antimicrobial activity of LCEO against various foodborne pathogens gives it potential for use in food packaging and preservation to extend shelf life. Future research challenges include the elucidation of the role and mechanism of individual chemical components of LCEO in inhibiting specific foodborne microorganisms; cultivar development to produce germplasm that yields essential oils of the desired chemical composition; and the development of commercial products that can be used in the food industry., (© 2024 Institute of Food Technologists.)

RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is considered a potential drug target for dengue virus (DENV) inhibition and has attracted attention in antiviral drug discovery. Here, we screened 121 natural compounds from Litsea cubeba against DENV RdRp using various approaches of computer-based drug discovery. Notably, we identified four potential compounds (Ushinsunine, Cassameridine, (+)-Epiexcelsin, (-)-Phanostenine) with good binding scores and allosteric interactions with the target protein. Moreover, molecular dynamics simulation studies were done to check the conformational stability of the complexes under given conditions. Additionally, we performed post-simulation analysis to find the stability of potential drugs in the target protein. The findings suggest Litsea cubeba -derived phytomolecules as a therapeutic solution to control DENV infection.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Litsea cubeba essential oil (LCEO) has garnered widespread attention due to its robust biological activity. However, challenges such as high volatility, limited water solubility, and low bioavailability impede its application. Nano-emulsion encapsulation technology offers an effective solution to these issues. In this study, we prepared litsea cubeba essential oil nano-emulsion (LCEO-NE) for the first time using whey protein (WP) as the emulsifier through an ultrasonic-assisted method, achieving high efficiency with minimal energy consumption. Transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analyses revealed that the nanoparticles were uniformly spherical, with a particle size of 183.5 ± 1.19 nm and a zeta potential of -35.5 ± 0.95 mV. Stability studies revealed that LCEO-NE exhibited excellent thermal and salt stability, maintaining its integrity for up to four weeks when stored at 4 °C and 25 °C. In vitro digestion assays confirmed the digestibility of LCEO-NE. Furthermore, evaluation of the DPPH, ABTS, and antimicrobial activities revealed that LCEO-NE displayed superior bacteriostatic and antioxidant properties compared to LCEO. Scanning electron microscopy elucidated that its bacteriostatic effect involved the disruption of bacterial microstructure. Hemocompatibility and cytotoxicity assays demonstrated the safety of LCEO-NE within the effective concentration range. This research supports the utilization of nanoparticles for encapsulating LCEO, thereby enhancing its stability and bioactivity, and consequently expanding its applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Objective: Although cancer therapy suppresses recurrence and prolongs life, it may be accompanied by strong side effects; thus, there is a strong demand for the development effective treatments with fewer side effects. Cancer therapy using plant-derived essential oils is attracting attention as one promising method. This study investigated the antitumor effects of essential oil volatiles on breast cancer cells and identifies four essential oils that display antitumor activity., Methods: Breast cancer cells were cultured in a 96-well plate, then one of twenty essential oils was added dropwise to the central well. The plate was incubated at 37 °C for 48 h and the effect of the volatile components of each essential oil on the surrounding breast cancer cell growth ability was examined using an MTT assay. Gas chromatography was used to investigate the concentration of the transpiration components that may affect cancer cells., Results: Of the 20 essential oils, Lemongrass, Lemon myrtle, Litsea, and Melissa displayed strong anti-tumor effects. These essential oils inhibited the growth of nearby breast cancer cells, even when diluted more than 500-fold. The transpiration component of lemon Myrtle showed the strongest antitumor effect, but was the least cytotoxic to mononuclear cells in normal peripheral blood (PBMC). Each of these essential oils contained a very large amount of citral. The IC 50 against breast cancer cells when citral was volatilized from each essential oil was 1.67 µL/mL for geranial and 1.31 µL/mL for neral. Volatilized citral alone showed strong anti-proliferation and infiltration-inhibiting effects., Conclusion: The transpiration components of Lemongrass, Lemon myrtle, Litsea, and Melissa are thought to inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation due to their high levels of citral., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Active packaging is a novel technology that utilizes active materials to interact with products and the environment, improving food shelf life. The purpose of this work was to fabricate a multifunctional film using Litsea cubeba essential oil (LC-EO) (1 %, 3 %, 5 %, and 7 %) as the active ingredient and pullulan(P)/tapioca starch (TS) as the carrier material. Adding essential oil improves the films properties, such as barrier ability, anti-oxidant, and antibacterial activity. However, tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (EAB) were slightly reduced from 28.94 MPa to 11.29 MPa and 15.36 % to 12.19 %. The developed PTS 3% films showed the best performance in mechanical properties, especially EAB (14.26 %), WVP (3.26 %) and OP (3.13 %), respectively. The inhibitory zone diameters in the agar-well diffusion test were 18.59 mm for Staphylococcus aureus and 17.32 mm for Escherichia coli. Further study was conducted to compare the preservation effects of film with low-density polyethylene bag (LDPE) on chilled beef. Remarkably, PTS 3% film decreased the bacterial population in beef meat while maintaining the pH, color, texture, and TBARS levels within an acceptable range for ten days of storage at 4 °C rather than in a low-density polyethylene bag. The outcomes indicated the potential of PTS 3% films in food packaging applications., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Six amides, including a new N -alkylamide ( 1 ), four known N -alkylamides ( 2 - 5 ) and one nicotinamide ( 6 ) were isolated from Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers., which is a pioneer herb traditionally utilized in medicine. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR experiments and by comparison of their spectroscopic and physical data with the literature values. Cubebamide ( 1 ) is a new cinnamoyltyraminealkylamide and possessed obvious anti-inflammatory activity against NO production with IC 50 values of 18.45 μM. Further in-depth pharmacophore-based virtual screening and molecular docking were carried out to reveal the binding mode of the active compound inside the 5-LOX enzyme. The results indicate that L. cubeba , and the isolated amides might be useful in the development of lead compounds for the prevention of inflammatory diseases.

Various plant species from the Litsea genus have been claimed to be beneficial for pain relief. The PRISMA approach was adopted to identify studies that reported analgesic properties of plants from the Litsea genus. Out of 450 records returned, 19 primary studies revealed the analgesic potential of nine Litsea species including (1) Litsea cubeba , (2) Litsea elliptibacea , (3) Litsea japonica , (4) Litsea glutinosa , (5) Litsea glaucescens , (6) Litsea guatemalensis , (7) Litsea lancifolia , (8) Litsea liyuyingi and (9) Litsea monopetala . Six of the species, 1, 3, 4, 7, 8 and 9, demonstrated peripheral antinociceptive properties as they inhibited acetic-acid-induced writhing in animal models. Species 1, 3, 4, 8 and 9 further showed effects via the central analgesic route at the spinal level by increasing the latencies of heat stimulated-nocifensive responses in the tail flick assay. The hot plate assay also revealed the efficacies of 4 and 9 at the supraspinal level. Species 6 was reported to ameliorate hyperalgesia induced via partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL). The antinociceptive effects of 1 and 3 were attributed to the regulatory effects of their bioactive compounds on inflammatory mediators. As for 2 and 5, their analgesic effect may be a result of their activity with the 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor (5-HT 1A R) which disrupted the pain-stimulating actions of 5-HT. Antinociceptive activities were documented for various major compounds of the Litsea plants. Overall, the findings suggested Litsea species as good sources of antinociceptive compounds that can be further developed to complement or substitute prescription drugs for pain management.

Litsea cubeba , which is found widely distributed across the Asian region, functions as both an economic tree and a medicinal plant with a rich historical background. Previous investigations into its chemical composition and biological activity have predominantly centered on volatile components, leaving the study of non-volatile components relatively unexplored. In this study, we employed UPLC-HRMS technology to analyze the non-volatile components of L. cubeba branches and leaves, which successfully resulted in identifying 72 constituents. Comparative analysis between branches and leaves unveiled alkaloids, organic acids, and flavonoids as the major components. However, noteworthy differences in the distribution of these components between branches and leaves were observed, with only eight shared constituents, indicating substantial chemical variations in different parts of L. cubeba . Particularly, 24 compounds were identified for the first time from this plant. The assessment of antioxidant activity using four methods (ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, and CUPRAC) demonstrated remarkable antioxidant capabilities in both branches and leaves, with slightly higher efficacy observed in branches. This suggests that L. cubeba may act as a potential natural antioxidant with applications in health and therapeutic interventions. In conclusion, the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of L. cubeba provides a scientific foundation for its development and utilization in medicine and health products, offering promising avenues for the rational exploitation of L. cubeba resources in the future.

Litsea cubeba essential oil (LCEO) is a broad-spectrum bacteriostatic substance produced from the fruit of the Litsea tree that has been used for the treatment of various diseases in China for thousands of years. Here, the antifungal activities of LCEO against 10 different fungi (Naganishia diffluens, Fusarium sacchari, Cladosporium tenuissimum, Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium verticillioides, Fusarium subglutinans, Mucor racemosus, Penicillium oxalicum, Penicillium chrysogenum, and Aspergillus niger) that cause rot to waxberries were assessed. The chemical components of LCEO and its modes of action against P. oxalicum were investigated. Citral (32.62 %) was characterized as the main component of LCEO by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. LCEO exhibited excellent antifungal activities against all 10 fungi. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration of LCEO against P. oxalicum were 2.24 and 4.48 g/L, respectively. Furthermore, LCEO (MIC) compromised membrane permeability and integrity, caused leakage of the cell components, and increased production of malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy indicated that the morphology and ultrastructure of the LCEO-treated hyphal cell membrane and organelles were severely damaged. Meanwhile, LCEO increased the shelf life of waxberries from 1-2 to 5-6 d. LCEO is a potential ecologically friendly alternative to commercial fungicides to inhibit postharvest fungal contamination of waxberries during shipment and storage., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Background: Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C. B. Rob. belongs to the Litsea genus and is categorized under the family of Lauraceae. The study aimed to investigate the phytoconstituents and pharmacological properties of methanol extract of leaves of Litsea glutinosa, focusing on antidiabetic activity via in vivo and in silico techniques., Methods: Extensive chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques were applied to isolate and characterize the constituents from the L. glutinosa plant species. The antidiabetic activity was studied in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mice, and the computational study of the isolated compounds was carried out by utilizing AutoDock Vina programs. In addition, the pharmacokinetic properties in terms of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) and toxicological profiles of the isolated compounds were examined via in silico techniques., Results: In the present study, two flavonoid glycosides 4΄-O-methyl (2 ̋,4 ̋-di-E-p-coumaroyl) afzelin (1) and quercetin 3-O-(2 ̋,4 ̋-di-E-p-coumaroyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (2) were isolated from the leaves of L. glutinosa and characterized by 1 H and 13 C NMR, COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and mass spectral data. Although compounds 1 and 2 have been reported twice from Machilis litseifolia and Lindera akoensis, and Machilis litseifolia and Mammea longifolia, respectively, this is the first report of this isolation from a Litsea species. Administering the methanolic extract of L. glutinosa at doses of 300 and 500 mg/kg/day to mice with diabetes induced by streptozotocin led to a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose levels (p < 0.05) starting from the 7th day of treatment. Besides, the computational study and PASS analysis endorsed the current in vivo findings that the both isolated compounds exerted higher binding affinities to human pancreatic α-amylase and aldose reductase than the conventional drugs. The in silico ADMET analysis revealed that the both isolated compounds have a favorable pharmacokinetic and safety profile suitable for human consumption., Conclusion: According to the current outcomes obtained from in vivo and in silico techniques, the leaf extract of L. glutinosa could be a natural remedy for treating diabetes, and the isolated phytoconstituents could be applied against various illnesses, mainly hyperglycemia. However, more investigations are required for extensive phytochemical isolation and pharmacological activities of these phytoconstituents against broader targets with exact mechanisms of action., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

This study was designed to examine the essential oils compositions of Litsea glauca Siebold and Litsea fulva Fern.-Vill. growing in Malaysia. The essential oils were achieved by hydrodistillation and fully characterized by gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The study identified 17 and 19 components from the leaf oils from L. glauca (80.7%) and L. fulva (81.5%), respectively. The major components of L. glauca oil were β-selinene (30.8%), β-calacorene (11.3%), tridecanal (7.6%), isophytol (4.8%) and β-eudesmol (4.5%); whereas in L. fulva oil gave β-caryophyllene (27.8%), caryophyllene oxide (12.8%), α-cadinol (6.3%), ( E )-nerolidol (5.7%), β-selinene (5.5%) and tridecanal (5.0%). Anticholinesterase activity was evaluated using Ellman method. The essential oils showed moderate inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase assays. Our findings demonstrate that the essential oil could be very useful for the characterization, pharmaceutical, and therapeutic applications of the essential oil from the genus Litsea .

Background: The Litsea genus has four native species from Mesoamerica. Litsea guatemalensis Mez. is a native tree, traditionally used as a condiment and herbal medicine in the region. It has demonstrated antimicrobial, aromatic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. Bioactive fractionation attributed the anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperalgesic activities to pinocembrin, scopoletin, and 5,7,3´4´-tetrahydroxy-isoflavone. In silico analysis, these molecules were analyzed on receptors involved in the anti-inflammatory process to determine which pathways they interact., Objective: To analyze and evaluate 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyisoflavone, pinocembrin, and scopoletin using the in silico analysis against selected receptors involved in the inflammatory pathway., Methods: Known receptors involved in the anti-inflammatory process found as protein-ligand complex in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) were used as references for each receptor and compared with the molecules of interest. The GOLD-ChemScore function, provided by the software, was used to rank the complexes and visually inspect the overlap between the reference ligand and the poses of the studied metabolites., Results: 53 proteins were evaluated, each one in five conformations minimized by molecular dynamics. The scores obtained for dihydroorotate dehydrogenase were greater than 80 for the three molecules of interest, scores for cyclooxygenase 1 and glucocorticoid receptor were greater than 50, and identified residues with interaction in binding sites overlap with the reference ligands in these receptors., Conclusion: The three molecules involved in the anti-inflammatory process of L. guatemalensis show in silico high affinity to the enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, glucocorticoid receptors and cyclooxygenase-1., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)