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The cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the pathophysiological mechanisms involved, remain major unanswered questions in medical science. Oral bacteria, especially those species associated with chronic periodontitis and particularly Porphyromonas gingivalis, are being linked causally to AD pathophysiology in a subpopulation of susceptible individuals. P. gingivalis produces large amounts of proteolytic enzymes, haem and iron capture proteins, adhesins and internalins that are secreted and attached to the cell surface and concentrated onto outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). These enzymes and adhesive proteins have been shown to cause host tissue damage and stimulate inflammatory responses. The ecological and pathophysiological roles of P. gingivalis OMVs, their ability to disperse widely throughout the host and deliver functional proteins lead to the proposal that they may be the link between a P. gingivalis focal infection in the subgingivae during periodontitis and neurodegeneration in AD. P. gingivalis OMVs can cross the blood brain barrier and may accelerate AD-specific neuropathology by increasing neuroinflammation, plaque/tangle formation and dysregulation of iron homeostasis, thereby inducing ferroptosis leading to neuronal death and neurodegeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: In recent years, the worldwide prohibition on antibiotics, including in China, has led to an increased incidence of acute enteritis in poultry, resulting in significant economic losses. Probiotic-fermented products, especially postbiotics, have exhibited promising probiotic effects, demonstrating potential for ameliorating acute enteritis. It has been reported that probiotic and postbiotics intervention can effectively treat acute enteritis. In reality, coconut water, an abundant local resource in Hainan, China, is frequently easy to be contaminated and consequently underutilized in industrial processes. In this study, Wenchang chicken was employed as an DSS-induced model of acute enteritis and then fed with coconut water fermented by probiotics. The results show that coconut water fermented by probiotics facilitates the recovery of production performance in afflicted chickens, improving serum immune and biochemical indexes, intestinal tissue structure, and the composition of the gut microbiota structure and metabolomics. This study provides theoretical insights for the development and utilization of new fermented feed resources known as postbiotics and provides a reference for the sustainable green development of the poultry breeding industry. In order to investigate the potential mechanisms of probiotic-fermented coconut water in treating enteritis, this study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the effects of probiotic intervention on the recovery from Dextran Sodium Sulfate-induced acute enteritis in Wenchang chicks. The analysis encompassed the assessment of growth performance, serum indicators, intestinal tissue structure, and metagenomic and metabolomic profiles of cecal contents in 60 Wenchang chicks subjected to intervention. This approach aimed to elucidate the impact of probiotic intervention on the recovery process from acute enteritis at both the genetic and metabolic levels in the avian model. The results revealed that intervention with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y301 improved the growth rate of chicks. and intervention with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MS2c regulated the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway and reshaped the gut microbiota structure in modeling chicks with acute enteritis, reducing the abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria from the Alistipes and increasing the abundance of potentially beneficial species from the Christensenellaceae. This intervention resulted in the production of specific gut metabolites, including Gentamicin C and polymyxin B2, recognized for their therapeutic effects on acute enteritis. The combined intervention of S. cerevisiae Y301 and L. plantarum MS2c not only enhanced growth performance but also mitigated intestinal wall damage and increased the abundance of gut metabolites such as gentamicin C and polymyxin B2, thereby mitigating symptoms of enteritis. Furthermore, this combined intervention reduced the levels of serum immune markers, including IL-10, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and D-lactic acid, thus mitigating intestinal epithelial cell damage and promoting acute enteritis recovery. This study provides crucial insights into the mechanisms of action of probiotics and probiotic-fermented coconut water in acute enteritis recovery, offering new perspectives for sustainable farming practices for Wenchang chicken. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In China and Southeast Asia, pre-fermented coconut water is commonly used for the production of nata de coco , a jelly-like fermented food that consists of bacterial cellulose (BC). The inherent natural fermentation process of coconut water introduces uncontrollable variables, which can lead to unstable yields during BC production. This study involved the collection of spontaneously pre-fermented coconut water over a five-month production cycle. The aim was to evaluate the microbiota and metabolite profile, as well as determine its impact on BC synthesis by Komagataeibacter nataicola. Significant variations in the microbial community structure and metabolite profile of pre-fermented coconut water were observed across different production months, these variations had significant effects on BC synthesis by K. nataicola. A total of 52 different bacterial genera and 32 different fungal genera were identified as potential biotic factors that can influence BC production. Additionally, several abiotic factors, including lactate (VIP = 4.92), mannitol (VIP = 4.22), ethanol (VIP = 2.67), and ascorbate (VIP = 1.61), were found to be potential driving forces affecting BC synthesis by K. nataicola. Upon further analysis, the correlation network indicated that 14 biotic factors had a significant contribution to BC production in three strains of K. nataicola. These factors included 8 bacterial genera, such as Limosilactobacillus and Lactiplantibacillus , and 6 fungal genera, such as Meyerozyma and Ogataea. The abiotic factors lactate, mannitol, and ethanol showed a positive correlation with the BC yield. This study provides significant insights into controlling the fermentation processes of pre-fermented coconut water in industrial settings. • Microbiota of pre-fermented coconut water in peak season were investigated. • Fourteen biotic factors exert significant effects to bacterial cellulose synthesis. • Lactate, mannitol, and ethanol were potential abiotic driving forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Microrheology monitored the particle motion type during Self-assembly of CRF. • BS adsorption of IDF correlated with the transient network. • The transient network was composed of CRF, chitosan and BS. • The formation of transient network was through non-covalent weak interactions. Self-assembly with chitosan is a promising method for improving bile salt (BS) adsorption by coconut residue fiber (CRF). To study the self-assembly process, three pre-treatments were performed and investigated using microrheological analysis. The effects of the pretreatments on the self-assembly of CRF and the BS adsorption were evaluated. During self-assembly, CRFs underwent Brownian-like motion, and the addition of chitosan facilitated the formation of inter-particle interactions between CRFs in the system. These interactions were small in extent, large in number, and slow to state change, in addition to relatively high strength and longer maintenance, all of which contributed to the binding to BS. The conventional pretreatments failed to effectively improve the BS adsorption of the self-assembled CRFs and weakened the inter-particle interactions in the system. These results suggest that chitosan assists in the adsorption of self-assembled CRF to BS through a combination of H-bonds and other weak intermolecular forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluorescence intensity and selective recognition ability are crucial factors in determining the analytical techniques for fluorescent probes. In this study, a core–shell fluorescent material, composed of silver nanoparticles@nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (Ag NPs@N/GQDs), was synthesised using mango leaves as the raw material through a thermal cracking method, resulting in strong fluorescence luminescence intensity. By employing noradrenaline as a template molecule and using a surface molecular imprinting technique, a molecularly imprinted membrane (MIP) was formed on the surface of the fluorescent material, that was subsequently eluted to obtain a highly specific, fluorescent probe capable of recognising noradrenaline. The probe captured various concentrations of noradrenaline using the MIP, which decreased the fluorescence intensity. Then a method for detecting trace amounts of noradrenaline was established. This method exhibited a linear range from 0.5 –700 pM with a detection limit of 0.154 pM. The proposed method was implemented in banana samples. Satisfactory recoveries were confirmed at four different concentrations. The method presented a relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 5.0%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]