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Atmospheric aerosols affect climate change, air quality, and human health. The aerosol optical depth (AOD) is a widely utilized parameter for estimating the concentration of atmospheric aerosols. Consequently, continuous AOD monitoring is crucial for environmental studies. However, a method to continuously monitor the AOD throughout the day or night remains a challenge. This study introduces a method for estimating the All-Day AOD using ground air quality and meteorological data. This method allows for the hourly estimation of the AOD throughout the day in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region and addresses the lack of high temporal resolution monitoring of the AOD during the nighttime. The results of the proposed All-Day AOD estimation method were validated against AOD measurements from Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) and Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). The R2 between the estimated AOD and AHI was 0.855, with a root mean square error of 0.134. Two AERONET sites in BTH were selected for analysis. The results indicated that the absolute error between the estimated AOD and AERONET was within acceptable limits. The estimated AOD showed spatial and temporal trends comparable to those of AERONET and AHI. In addition, the hourly mean AOD was analyzed for each city in BTH. The hourly mean AOD in each city exhibits a smooth change at night. In conclusion, the proposed AOD estimation method offers valuable data for investigating the impact of aerosol radiative forcing and assessing its influence on climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • COF-MT provides spatial structure and grafting sites for magnetic materials. • The amino functional group in PPy served as an adsorption site for Cr(VI). • Fe 3 O 4 @COF-MT@PPy has good magnetic properties and recyclability. • Fe 3 O 4 @COF-MT@PPy showed efficient selectivity for Cr(VI). • Electrostatic attraction, redox and chelation as mechanisms for Cr(VI) removal. Cr(VI) as a toxic heavy metal can endanger human physical and mental health. The adsorption method has been widely used for Cr(VI) removal due to its advantages of cost-effectiveness and simplicity of operation. However, the key to Cr(VI) removal by adsorption lies in the construction of adsorption active sites. In this study, Fe 3 O 4 @COF-MT@PPy magnetic composites were prepared by the Schiff base method and in situ polymerisation to construct adsorbents with high specific surface area and abundant amino active sites for the removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater. The TEM and BET results showed that PPy was successfully encapsulated on the Fe 3 O 4 @COF-MT material, and the COF layer provided sites for the polymerisation of PPy, which resulted in a large specific surface area (400.93 m2/g) for Fe 3 O 4 @COF-MT@PPy, thus providing more adsorption sites. The VSM results showed that the prepared composites have good magnetic properties (13.8 emu/g) and are easy to separate from aqueous solutions. Encouragingly, the Fe 3 O 4 @COF-MT@PPy composites showed excellent adsorption performance for Cr(VI) in aqueous solution. The maximum adsorption capacity of the material for Cr(VI) was 429.18 mg/g at 298 K, which was much higher than Fe 3 O 4 @COF-MT with Fe 3 O 4 @PPy. Adsorption kinetics and isotherm analyses showed that the adsorption process was more in line with the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models. The Fe 3 O 4 @COF-MT@PPy composites were able to maintain high adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) after five regenerations, which showed good reusability. In addition, interfering ion experiments demonstrated the selective adsorption of Fe 3 O 4 @COF-MT@PPy on Cr(VI). Using XPS for the analysis, it can be speculated that the adsorption mechanism is due to the abundant amino groups on the surface of the adsorbent firstly exerting electrostatic attraction and ion-exchange effect on the anion Cr(VI), and then the protonated amino groups reduce part of the Cr(VI) to Cr(III), and finally adsorb the Cr(III) on the surface of the material by chelation. Therefore, the recyclable Fe 3 O 4 @COF-MT@PPy has a good potential for adsorption of Cr-containing wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we propose a new phase-field formulation with dynamic JH2 constitutive model in the updated Lagrangian finite element framework for capturing the blasting-induced failure and breakage phenomena in rock masses. We innovatively formulate phase-field evolution by taking mechanical strengths and failure/breakage characteristics of rock materials at intact and residual states under dynamic loading conditions. We further develop new free energy decomposition strategy thermodynamically consistent with the known classical JH2 constitutive model for rock dynamic failure and breakage analysis. To obtain the stable solutions, we employ the staggered time integration strategy in dynamic equations of linear momentum balance and phase-field evolution. Several numerical examples are performed not only for quantitative and qualitative validation, but also for providing deep insights into the blasting-induced dynamic failure and breakage mechanisms of rock masses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A theoretical scaled-model strain rate effect correction method is proposed. • Quantitative evaluation of strain rate effect on mid-span displacement similarity. • The proposed method reduces the need for extensive model tests of blast loading. Conducting experiments using scaled models is a highly efficient and cost-effective approach to predicting structural dynamic responses to blast loads. However, accurate representation of the prototype in a scaled model is hindered by the strain rate effect of the materials, thus limiting the application of scaled model tests. To address this issue, this paper proposes a theoretical correction method for scaling the dynamic response of steel beams subjected to blast loads. This method allows for direct and quantitative evaluation of the error caused by the strain rate effect on the similarity of the maximum mid-span displacement of the beam without the need to modify the charge mass or stand-off distance. In addition, the proposed method eliminates the need for extensive model tests. The accuracy of the proposed method is verified through numerical simulations. The results demonstrate that the strain rate effect scarcely influences the geometric similarity of the maximum mid-span displacement of the beam in the elastic response stage. However, in the plastic response stage, the maximum mid-span displacement of the beam does not conform to geometric similarity. Accordingly, the similarity of the maximum mid-span displacement of the beam can be expressed as the product of the geometric scale factor and calculated strain rate correction coefficient. These theoretical innovations can significantly enhance the reliability of scaled-model tests, help extrapolate scaled-model test results back to the prototype, and reduce the difficulty and consumption of field blast tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Crack-free monolithic Al 2 O 3 Y 2 O 3 SiO 2 ternary aerogel was successfully synthesized by synchronous sol-gel method. • Al 2 O 3 Y 2 O 3 SiO 2 aerogel exhibited low density of 0.071 g/cm3 and high specific area up to 675.7 m²/g. • Mullite fiber reinforced Al 2 O 3 Y 2 O 3 SiO 2 aerogel showed excellent thermal insulation performance, the thermal conductivity at 1000 °C is only 0.079 W·m−1·K−1. Against the background of global energy shortages and the need for long-term flight safety of aerospace vehicles, traditional silica aerogels have the problems of insufficient temperature resistance and poor thermal insulation at high-temperatures, and are no longer able to meet the demand. In this study, a series of monolithic Al 2 O 3 Y 2 O 3 SiO 2 ternary aerogels were successfully synthesized via synchronous sol–gel and ethanol supercritical drying. Both the prepared aerogels and the calcined samples at 1000 °C exhibited a complete three-dimensional network structure and a high specific surface area (up to 675.7 m2/g and 214.4 m2/g), which was attributed to the supporting effect of the Al 2 O 3 component on the overall skeleton and the inhibiting effect of the Y 2 O 3 component on the crystal transformation. Mullite fiber reinforced Al 2 O 3 Y 2 O 3 SiO 2 aerogel composites were synthesized by vacuum impregnation using mullite fiber felt as a matrix. The prepared sample exhibit very low thermal conductivity (as low as 0.079 W⋅m−1·K−1 at 1000 °C). In summary, the good structural stability and high temperature thermal insulation performance make Al 2 O 3 Y 2 O 3 SiO 2 ternary aerogel have the potential of efficient service in more application scenarios. This study provides a product optimization reference idea for the thermal insulation material industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pectinase plays a crucial role in ramie degumming. A gene encoding a putative pectate lyase from Bacillus sp. strain B58–2 was cloned and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. The amplified gene BvelPL1 encoded a mature protein of 400 amino acids. BvelPL1 shared the highest amino acid sequence identity (78.75%) with the enzymatically characterized pectate lyase Pel from Bacillus subtilis strain RCK (GenBank: AFH66771.1). The purified recombinant enzyme rBvelPL1-Ec exhibited a maximum specific activity of 2433.26 U/mg at pH 8.5 and 50 °C towards polygalacturonic acid. This specific activity was higher than that of most reported pectate lyases. Remarkably, the enzymatic activity of rBvelPL1-Ec increased by 23.28 times in the presence of 0.4 mM calcium ion. The effect of calcium ion on promoting the enzymatic activity of rBvelPL1-Ec was greater than that for all reported pectate lyases. After degumming with rBvelPL1-Ec, a weight loss of 21.27 ± 1.17% of circled ramie fibers was obtained, and the surfaces of the ramie fibers became smoother. Moreover, a weight loss of 30.47 ± 0.46% was obtained through enzymatic treated and subsequent NaOH treated circled ramie fibers. The excellent performance in degumming suggests that rBvelPL1-Ec may serve as a promising biocatalyst in the textile industry. • BvelPL1 shared highest amino acid sequence identity of 78.75% with a reported Pel. • The specific enzyme activity of rBvelPL1-Ec was higher than most reported Pels. • Ca2+ increased the enzyme activity by 23.28 times and improved the thermo-stability. • rBvelPL1-Ec caused highest weight loss of 21.27% and smoother surface of ramie fibers. • Enzyme-NaOH treatment caused highest weight loss of 30.47% of ramie fibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complexity of microvascular circulation has led to the development of advanced imaging techniques and biomimetic models. This study developed a multifaceted microfluidic-based microdevice as an in vitro model of microvasculature to replicate important geometric and functional features of in vivo perfusion in mice. The microfluidic device consisted of a microchannel for blood perfusion, mirroring the natural hierarchical branching vascular structures found in mice. Additionally, the device incorporated a steady gradient of oxygen (O 2) which diffused through the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer, allowing for dynamic blood oxygenation. The assembled multi-layered microdevice was accompanied by a dual-modal imaging system that combined laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) and intrinsic signal optical imaging (ISOI) to visualize full-field blood flow distributions and blood O 2 profiles. By closely reproducing in vivo blood perfusion and oxygenation conditions, this microvasculature model, in conjunction with numerical simulation results, can provide quantitative information on physiologically relevant hemodynamics and key O 2 transport parameters that are not directly measurable in traditional animal studies. [Display omitted] • Microfluidic device was developed as an in vitro model of microvasculature. • Microchannel design was directly derived from realistic in vivo vascular geometries. • Oxygen gradient was coordinated with blood flow in the microdevice via gas diffusion. • Dual-modal system combines LSCI and ISOI for blood flow and oxygen profile imaging. • The replica can provide comparable hemodynamics and O 2 transport behavior as in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Masspersonal communication has emerged as a compelling alternative persuasive approach in response to the widespread use of social media. It is crucial to comprehend how observing online interpersonal interactions regarding the fear appeal of climate change can foster pro-environmental behaviors among users. This study examines the effects of vicarious message interactivity in promoting actions against climate change and the underlying mechanisms behind this effect. The results of an online experiment conducted in China (N = 236) revealed that psychological reactance and message elaboration mediated the effects of vicarious message interactivity on behavioral intention in a serial indirect effect. In comparison to static fear appeal, interactive fear appeal proves effective in reducing psychological reactance, promoting message elaboration, and ultimately increasing intention to take actions against climate change. Our findings not only contribute to the literature on interactive communication but also provide insights for environmental-health campaigns on social media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the feasibility of preparing a carbon-capture cementitious material by combining γ-C 2 S with red mud (RM), the physicochemical features of bulk red mud specimens with γ-C 2 S content of 20%, 40%, and 60% were investigated after carbonation curing. The carbonation mechanism was analyzed using x-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetric analysis (TG-DSC), mercury-pressure porosimetry (MIP), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The results show that the compressive strength of RM specimens containing 60% γ-C 2 S carbonized for 28 d can be increased by 180% compared with hydrated samples. The introduction of γ-C 2 S promotes the transformation of the carbonation products aragonite and vaterite to calcite, which is able to fill the pores, resulting in a decrease in the porosity of the samples and an increase in the strength. In addition, the expected CO 2 uptake ability of RM powder is higher than the experimental results due to the precipitation of calcite on the surface of γ-C 2 S to form a dense layer, which hinders the dissolution of calcium ions and further diffusion of CO 2 inside. A conceptual model is proposed to explore the mechanism of the influence of γ-C 2 S on the performance of RM. Such a study provides an alternative solution for the RM recycling and zero carbon cementitious material preparation. • The introduction of γ-C 2 S improves CO 2 uptake and compressive strength of RM system. • The main carbonation products of RM samples fill the internal pores. • The CO 2 emissions reduced by combined γ-C 2 S with RM. • The actual CO 2 uptake of RM system is smaller than the theoretical CO 2 uptake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relatively stable lunar illumination may be used to realize radiometric calibration under low light. However, there is still an insufficient understanding of the accuracy of models and the influence of parameters when conducting research on low-light radiometric calibration. Therefore, this study explores the applicability of three atmospheric radiative transfer models under different nighttime conditions. The simulation accuracies of three nighttime atmospheric radiative transfer models (Night-SCIATRAN, Night-MODTRAN, and Night-6SV) were evaluated using the visible-infrared imaging radiometer suite day/night band (VIIRS/DNB) data. The results indicate that Night-MODTRAN has the highest simulation accuracy under DNB. The consistency between simulated top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiance and DNB radiance is approximately 3.1%, and uncertainty is 2.5%. This study used Night-MODTRAN for parameter sensitivity analysis. The results indicate that for the lunar phase angle, aerosol optical depth, surface reflectance, lunar zenith angle, satellite zenith angle, and relative azimuth angle, the average change rates are 68%, 100%, 2561%, 75%, 20%, and 0%. This paper can help better understand the performance of models under different atmospheric and geographical conditions, as well as whether existing models can simulate the complex processes of atmospheric radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Zn-containing HMCM-22 samples with different zinc species were prepared and characterized to discriminate the influence of zinc species on the ethane activation by the initial C-H bond cleavage or the β -H cleavage dehydrogenation step of alkyl zinc species (Zn-C 2 H 5) through the propane co-dehydroaromatization and CO 2 reduction process. The synergistic effect of zinc species types with the Brønsted acid sites (BAS) of the parent zeolite HMCM-22 had a significant effect on the ethane dehydroaromatization. The synergistic effect between ZnO species and BAS had better ethane conversion and aromatics selectivity in ethane dehydrogenation, while the poor synergistic effect between ZnOH+ species and BAS was not conducive to the formation of aromatics, and ZnOH+ species was more conducive to ethane dehydrogenation. The ZnOH+ has better catalytic performance in CO 2 activated ethane and promote the β -H desorption of Zn-C 2 H 5 in ethane dehydrogenation. The synergetic effect of ZnO species and BAS in the zeolite facilitates the hydride transfer activation of ethane by propylene carbenium ions thus enhancing the ethane conversion through ethane-propane co-aromatization. [Display omitted] • Synergistic effect of ZnO with Brönsted acid (BAS) improve ethane aromatization. • ZnOH+ promotes ethane dehydrogenation by CO 2 through RWGS reaction. • ZnO and BAS promote hydride transfer active ethane with propane co-aromatization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We have constructed a global predictive model for LC-SFAs, utilizing hyperspectral imaging data from various red meat varieties and muscle types. • Utilizing a self-learning approach within artificial intelligence, this study enhances the model's generalization by expanding the sample dataset. • Explored the impact of various generative models on sample training. • This work offers fresh insights for related research, shifting the focus from modeling techniques to the intrinsic nature of the sample dataset. In the field of the food industry, establishing a global predictive model for the content of long-chain saturated fatty acids (LC-SFAs) in red meat is of profound significance. However, this work requires the accumulation of a large number of diverse samples for model calibration. To address these formidable challenges, the Generative Inference Adversarial Autoencoder (GI-AAE) was adopted to enhance the model training process. Through multiple iterations, GI-AAE successfully generated simulated samples of higher quality than traditional generative adversarial networks and autoencoders. After incorporating these generated samples into the training dataset, multiple sets of models showed significant improvements. These results clearly demonstrated that our approach can effectively overcome the challenges posed by generative models in the regression domain, greatly enhancing the model's generalization ability. This advancement holds significant potential for applications in the food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The cation/proton antiporter (CPA) superfamily in the tomato genome consists of 18 cation/H+ exchangers (SlCHXs), 7 Na+/H+ exchangers (SlNHXs), and 6 K+ efflux antiporters (SlKEAs). • Collinearity and phylogenetic analyses unveiled that duplication events frequently lead to potential functional redundancy. • SlCHXs exhibited predominant expression during early flower and fruit development, whereas SlNHXs and SlKEAs demonstrated expression across multiple developmental stages. • SlSOS1 and Solyc04g056600 are likely to play pivotal roles in responding to salt and drought stress. The cation/proton antiporter (CPA) superfamily, crucial for regulating Na+, K+, and pH equilibrium in plant cells, plays an essential role in plant growth and stress adaptation. However, limited research has been conducted on the CPA gene superfamily in tomatoes. In this study, a total of 31 SlCPA members were identified in the tomato genome, comprising 18 cation/H+ exchangers (SlCHXs), 7 Na+/H+ exchangers (SlNHXs), and 6 K+ efflux antiporters (SlKEAs). A comprehensive analysis encompassing their chromosomal locations, gene structures, phylogenetic relationships, collinearity, tissue-specific expression profiles, and responses to abiotic stress was undertaken. Collinearity and phylogenetic analyses unveiled two groups, represented by Solyc08g081810, Solyc01g008190, Solyc12g056160 , and Solyc06g060630, Solyc08g078880 , suggesting potential redundancy resulting from duplication events. Tissue-specific expression analysis revealed SlNHXs and SlKEAs expression at multiple developmental stages, while SlCHXs were predominantly expressed during early flower and fruit development, indicating their likely involvement in these processes. Salt treatment notably induced the expression of SlSOS1 (Solyc01g005020) and Solyc04g056600 , implicating their role in responding to salt stress. Under drought stress, the expression of Solyc01g005020 and Solyc08g081820 was also significantly induced, supported by promoter element analyses indicating the presence of drought response-related cis-elements like ABRE and MYB binding sites. This study establishes a foundation for further elucidating the gene functions of individual members within the tomato SlCPA family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plants trigger a robust immune response by activating massive transcriptome reprogramming through crosstalk between PTI and ETI. However, how PTI and ETI contribute to the quantitative or/and qualitative output of immunity and how they work together when both are being activated were unclear. In this study, we performed a comprehensive overview of pathogen‐triggered transcriptomic reprogramming by analyzing temporal changes in the transcriptome up to 144 h after Colletotrichum gloeosporioides inoculated in Populus. Moreover, we constructed a hierarchical gene regulatory network of PagWRKY18 and its potential target genes to explore the underlying regulatory mechanisms of PagWRKY18 that are not yet clear. Interestingly, we confirmed that PagWRKY18 protein can directly bind the W‐box elements in the promoter of a transmembrane leucine‐rich repeat receptor‐like kinase, PagSOBIR1 gene, to trigger PTI. At the same time, PagWRKY18 functions in disease tolerance by modulation of ROS homeostasis and induction of cell death via directly targeting PagGSTU7 and PagPR4 respectively. Furthermore, PagPR4 can interact with PagWRKY18 to inhibit the expression of PagPR4 genes, forming a negative feedback loop. Taken together, these results suggest that PagWRKY18 may be involved in regulating crosstalk between PTI and ETI to activate a robust immune response and maintain intracellular homeostasis. Summary statement: Our research identifies a novel mechanism by which artificial expression of PagWRKY18 is sufficient to confer resistance to hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and provides insights into the poplar resistance breeding and generating transgenic resistance poplar lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although numerous peroxidase (POD)‐like nanozymes have been designed for catalytic therapy of cancer, development of nanozymes with higher therapeutic efficacy and less adverse effects are challengeable. More importantly, the underlying antitumor mechanism remains largely unknown which hinders their application. Here, the nitrogen‐doped carbon nanozyme (N‐PCNS) as a model is utilized and demonstrated that its capacity to specifically activate the STING pathway in tumor cells through reactive oxgen species (ROS)‐mediated mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release, which provides the initial signals for STING‐dependent innate immune response. Further, a peptide‐nanozyme conjugate (PNEC, OPBP1‐N‐PCNS), comprising a PD‐L1 blocking/targeting dual‐functional peptide and a cationic‐coated N‐PCNS is constructed, which are conjugated through a matrix metalloproteinase responsive peptide linker. The cleaved derivate nanozyme with positive charge exhibits recyclable capacity and superior ability in capturing and enhancing the transcellular transport of tumor‐derived mtDNA toward DCs, thereby amplifying the STING signaling‐mediated anti‐tumor immune response. This study proposed a unique mechanism and design strategy for POD‐like nanozyme in cancer immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] This work unfolds a robust and interpretable strategy for evaluating the stability and potential photovoltaic application of 6526 multicomponent perovskite oxides, employing a synergetic methodology that intertwines advanced machine learning (ML) algorithms and symbolic regression based on genetic programming. Initially, ML algorithms, namely XGBoost, LightGBM, and random forest, were harnessed, with elemental oxidation state and electronegativity serving as input features, achieving R2 values of 0.98, 0.98, and 0.74, respectively, on the test set for predicting the formation enthalpy, a criterion for perovskite stability. Despite the amplified interpretability offered by SHAP analysis, the inherent "black-box" nature of ML obfuscates a transparent understanding of intrinsic relations between input features and performance. To surmount this, symbolic regression introduced not only elucidates a clear functional relationship between input features and perovskite stability but also achieves a commendable R2 of 0.79 on the test set. Subsequent high-throughput screening, based on perovskite stability ranking, designated the top 500 stable perovskites for band gap calculation using the PBE functional, wherein DyNdHf 2 O 6 , CeEuAl 2 O 6 , and CeSrAl 2 O 6 emerged as potential candidates for photovoltaic applications and were subjected to further electronic structure simulations employing the HSE06 functional, encompassing density of states, band structure, charge density, and optical absorption spectra. Ultimately, CeEuAl 2 O 6 , boasting an optical direct bandgap of 2.31 eV and minimal electron-hole wavefunction overlap, stands out as the prime choice for photovoltaic materials. This research not only pioneers the exploration of enhancing the interpretability of ML but also propels theoretical guidance for the evolution of photovoltaic cells by bridging predictive modeling with high-throughput screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyroptosis, mediated by gasdermin proteins, has shown excellent efficacy in facilitating cancer immunotherapy. The strategies commonly used to induce pyroptosis suffer from a lack of tissue specificity, resulting in the nonselective activation of pyroptosis and consequent systemic toxicity. Moreover, pyroptosis activation usually depends on caspase, which can induce inflammation and metabolic disorders. In this study, inspired by the tumor-specific expression of SRY-box transcription factor 4 (Sox4) and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), we constructed a doubly regulated plasmid, pGMD, that expresses a biomimetic gasdermin D (GSDMD) protein to induce the caspase-independent pyroptosis of tumor cells. To deliver pGMD to tumor cells, we used a hyaluronic acid (HA)-shelled calcium carbonate nanoplatform, H-CNP@pGMD, which effectively degrades in the acidic endosomal environment, releasing pGMD into the cytoplasm of tumor cells. Upon the initiation of Sox4, biomimetic GSDMD was expressed and cleaved by MMP2 to induce tumor-cell-specific pyroptosis. H-CNP@pGMD effectively inhibited tumor growth and induced strong immune memory effects, preventing tumor recurrence. We demonstrate that H-CNP@pGMD-induced biomimetic GSDMD expression and tumor-specific pyroptosis provide a novel approach to boost cancer immunotherapy. We designed a tumor-targeting nanoplatform HA-CaCO 3 @pGMD (H-CNP@pGMD) to express sufficient biomimetic gasdermin D (GSDMD) protein to activate tumor-specific pyroptosis to enhanced cancer immunotherapies. [Display omitted] • Current techniques for inducing pyroptosis lack tissue specificity, leading to nonselective activation. • Inspired by the tumor-specific expression of SRY-box transcription factor 4 and matrix metalloproteinase 2, we constructed a doubly regulated plasmid, pGMD. • We designed a tumor-targeting nanoplatform H-CNP@pGMD that expresses a biomimetic gasdermin D protein to induce the caspase-independent pyroptosis of tumor cells to enhance cancer immunotherapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in participants with abnormal glucose metabolism have been linked in previous studies. However, it was unclear whether AIP control level affects the further CVD incidence among with diabetes and pre-diabetes. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the association between AIP control level with risk of CVD in individuals with abnormal glucose metabolism. Methods: Participants with abnormal glucose metabolism were included from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. CVD was defined as self-reporting heart disease and/or stroke. Using k-means clustering analysis, AIP control level, which was the log-transformed ratio of triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in molar concentration, was divided into five classes. The association between AIP control level and incident CVD among individuals with abnormal glucose metabolism was investigated multivariable logistic regression analysis and application of restricted cubic spline analysis. Results: 398 (14.97%) of 2,659 participants eventually progressed to CVD within 3 years. After adjusting for various confounding factors, comparing to class 1 with the best control of the AIP, the OR for class 2 with good control was 1.31 (95% CI, 0.90–1.90), the OR for class 3 with moderate control was 1.38 (95% CI, 0.99–1.93), the OR for class 4 with worse control was 1.46 (95% CI, 1.01–2.10), and the OR for class 5 with consistently high levels was 1.56 (95% CI, 1.03–2.37). In restricted cubic spline regression, the relationship between cumulative AIP index and CVD is linear. Further subgroup analysis demonstrated that the similar results were observed in the individuals with agricultural Hukou, history of smoking, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 80mmHg, and normal body mass index. In addition, there was no interaction between the AIP control level and the subgroup variables. Conclusions: In middle-aged and elderly participants with abnormal glucose metabolism, constant higher AIP with worst control may have a higher incidence of CVD. Monitoring long-term AIP change will contribute to early identification of high risk of CVD among individuals with abnormal glucose metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Sb 2 S 3 -SA was fabricated by optical deposition method, and the nonlinear characteristics of Sb 2 S 3 -SA were studied. • Sb 2 S 3 -SA was applied to the erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) ring cavity to realize Q-switching, mode-locking, and hybrid mode-locking. • When the total cavity length of 5 m, Q-switched pulses were generated with repetition frequency from 60.6 kHz to 69.9 kHz. • When additional single-mode fiber (SMF) was inserted into the cavity, self-started mode-locking with ps pulses was obtained. • An inline fiber polarizer was inserted into the cavity to achieve hybrid mode-locking with pulse widths of femtoseconds. Stable mode-locking pulses were obtained in an erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) by using antimony sulfide (Sb 2 S 3) as saturable absorber (SA). The Sb 2 S 3 -SA fabricated with the optical deposition method was connected to a ring cavity of EDFL for Q-switching and mode-locking, respectively. When the configuration of the fiber cavity is compact with a cavity length of 5 m, Q-switched pulses were generated with repetition frequency from 60.6 kHz to 69.9 kHz by tuning the pump power. Moreover, when additional single-mode fiber (SMF) was inserted into the cavity, self-started mode-locking with ps pulses was obtained. For further investigating the performance of the SA in mode-locking, an inline fiber polarizer was inserted into the compact cavity to achieve hybrid mode-locking operation generating pulses with pulse widths of fs and a fundamental frequency of 29.2 MHz with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 76 dB. The experimental results indicate that the Sb 2 S 3 material has great application prospects in ultrafast optics due to its excellent optical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endometrioid carcinoma with sex cord-like formations and hyalinization of the uterine corpus, or corded and hyalinized endometrioid adenocarcinoma (CHEC), is a rare morphological variant of endometrioid carcinoma, for which there is limited literature and few cases reports. Most researchers tend to consider CHEC as a low-grade cancer with a favorable prognosis. Full-staging surgery is the primary choice for this disease, and no case of CHEC has been previously reported to be treated conservatively. Here, we present the following case to explore the possibility of fertility-preserving treatment for young women with CHEC. A 23-year-old nulliparous patient diagnosed with presumed stage IA CHEC received fertility-sparing treatment at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University and got a complete response (CR) after 10 months of conservative treatment. The patient subsequently became pregnant spontaneously, successfully conceived, and gave birth to a healthy male neonate without any sign of recurrence during 37 months follow-up after CR. The patient's postpartum follow-up is continuing. Presently, CHEC is not included in the fertility-sparing field of any available guidelines. This case indicates that fertility-sparing treatment may be an option for highly selected patients with CHEC. Continuous follow-up remains mandatory to observe long-term outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly active oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts, such as those containing Fe, often face the challenge of severe dissolution of active elements. Addressing this concern through the establishment of a dynamically stable interface during OER presents a promising strategy, achieved by manipulation of catalyst components. Herein, the findings reveal that Fe loss during OER predominantly occurs during the initial activation phase, marked by irreversible structural distortion that disrupts interfacial dynamical stability. By investigating the structural evolution of Fe‐containing Prussian blue analogs, serving as a model OER precatalyst, the correlation between precatalyst structural changes and interfacial dynamic stability is elucidated. Utilizing thermal annealing of CoFe bimetal Prussian blue, favorable thermodynamic conditions are induced for generating cyano vacancies within the matrix, thereby facilitating enhanced initial activation during OER. Consequently, catalytically active and stable oxyhydroxide species rapidly form at the interface, exhibiting robust interactions with interfacial Fe elements to stabilize interface dynamics. Suppression of the irreversible structural distortion responsible for active element loss during initial activation culminates in enhanced OER activity and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a high value-added platform compound, converted into bio-based polyesters and biofuels etc. In this paper, we used two commercially available hexamethylenimine and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as the structure-directing agents to synthesize HMWW zeolite nanosheets via one step. A series of HMWW zeolite nanosheets with different disorder index (DI) were controllably prepared by adjusting the amount of CTAB, operating also as an in situ exfoliating agent, converting fructose into HMF in the tetrahydrofuran/NaCl-H2O biphasic solvent with low boiling point. Successful construction of disordered HMWW zeolite nanosheets was verified by PXRD. Further characterizations by BET, SEM and TEM etc. show that HMWW4.0 with the optimum DI of 0.67 has a disordered network-like arrangement of layers with the external surface area of 224 m2/g and the mesoporous size of 3.5 nm. Catalytic evaluations showed that HMF selectivity was closely related to DI of the catalysts. Under the optimized DI, fructose molecules are readily accessible to acidic sites on the external surface while larger external surface area is exposed. The HMWW4.0 zeolite catalyzed fructose dehydration in the biphasic solvent, producing 90% HMF selectivity with 93% fructose conversion at 140 °C for 6 h. In the reuses of the HMWW4.0 catalyst, HMF selectivity was around 90% with fructose conversion decreasing by ca. 10% after six runs, indicating that it possesses the promising stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heteroaggregation between polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) and soot nanoparticles (STNPs) in aquatic environments may affect their fate and transport. This study investigated the effects of particle concentration ratio, electrolytes, pH, and humic acid on their heteroaggregation kinetics. The critical coagulation concentration (CCC) ranked CCC PSNPs > CCC PSNPs-STNPs > CCC STNPs , indicating that heteroaggregation rates fell between homoaggregation rates. In NaCl solution, as the PSNPs/STNPs ratio decreased from 9/1 to 3/7, heteroaggregation rate decreased and CCC PSNPs-STNPs increased from 200 to 220 mM due to enhanced electrostatic repulsion. Outlier was observed at PSNPs/STNPs= 1/9, where CCC PSNPs-STNPs = 170 mM and homoaggregation of STNPs dominated. However, in CaCl 2 solution where calcium bridged with STNPs, heteroaggregation rate increased and CCC PSNPs-STNPs decreased from 26 to 5 mM as the PSNPs/STNPs ratio decreasing from 9/1 to 1/9. In composite water samples, heteroaggregation occurred only at estuarine and marine salinities. Acidic condition promoted heteroaggregation via charge screening. Humic acid retarded or promoted heteroaggregation in NaCl or CaCl 2 solutions by steric hindrance or calcium bridging, respectively. Other than van der Waals attraction and electrostatic repulsion, heteroaggregation was affected by steric hindrance, hydrophobic interactions, π − π interactions, and calcium bridging. The results highlight the role of black carbon on colloidal stability of PSNPs in aquatic environments. [Display omitted] • Stability of homo- and heteroaggregation ranked CCC PSNPs > CCC PSNPs-STNPs > CCC STNPs. • Decreasing PSNPs/STNPs ratio generally retarded heteroaggregation in NaCl solution. • Reducing PSNPs/STNPs ratio promoted heteroaggregation in CaCl 2 solution via bridging. • PSNPs and STNPs underwent heteroaggregation at salinity levels of estuary and ocean. • Heteroaggregation was promoted in HA-CaCl 2 solution but retarded in HA-NaCl solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The addition of secondary ceramic particles has shown to be effective in enhancing the mechanical properties of tungsten alloys. The diverse strengthening effects observed with various secondary particles necessitate further investigation. Herein, three ultrafine-grained, oxide-dispersed-strengthened tungsten alloys were prepared using solution combustion synthesis combined with low-temperature sintering. We thoroughly investigated the influence of Al 2 O 3 , La 2 O 3 , and Y 2 O 3 on the microstructure and mechanical properties of tungsten, as well as their respective strengthening mechanisms. A detailed comparison revealed discrepancies between the yield strength experimentally measured and the theoretically predicted strength based on conventional grain refinement strengthening and dispersion strengthening theories, highlighting the significance of the intrinsic nature of dispersed oxides. Electron microscopy analysis and density functional theory calculations revealed that, compared to other oxides, the heterogeneous interface of Al 2 O 3 with W exhibited minimal lattice distortion and the highest work of separation, resulting in a robust interface bonding. The prepared W–Al 2 O 3 alloy showed exceptional performance with Vickers hardness HV 0.2 of 698.9 and yield strength of 2488 MPa. Its yield strength surpassed that of W–Y 2 O 3 and W–La 2 O 3 alloys, as well as other commonly reported refractory metal materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new comprehensive quantitative index was proposed through factor analysis. • Detailed derivation of the construction of the composite indicator formula. • 2D-COS allows the exploration of the spectral peak mechanism in complex systems. • The visualization distribution and validation of EAA content was achieved. The quality of beef is usually predicted by measuring a single index rather than a comprehensive index. To precisely determine the essential amino acid (EAA) contents in 360 beef samples, the feasibility of optimized spectral detection techniques based on the comprehensive EAA index (CEI) and comprehensive weight index (CWI) constructed by factor analysis was explored. Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) was used to analyse the mechanisms of spectral peak shifts in complex disturbance systems with CEI and CWI contents, and 15 sensitive feature variables were extracted to establish a quantitative analysis model of a long short-term memory network (LSTM). The results indicated that 2D-COS had good predictive performance in both CEI-LSTM (R2 P of 0.9095 and RPD of 2.76) and CWI-LSTM (R2 P of 0.8449 and RPD of 2.45), which reduced data information by 88%. This indicates that utilizing 2D-COS can eliminate collinearity and redundant information among variables while achieving data dimensionality reduction and simplification of calibration models. Furthermore, a spatial distribution map of the comprehensive EAA content was generated by combining the optimal prediction model. This study demonstrated that the comprehensive index method furnishes a new approach to rapidly evaluate EAA content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Our research encompasses a comprehensive predictive model for PUFA content, spanning diverse red meat types and muscle variations. • Suggest a novel approach for using autoencoders in generating adversarial networks to tackle the challenge of creating regression models. • G2D-COS was applied to study variations among spectral bands in red meat, their response to changes, and related aspects. • It introduces a paradigm shift, shifting the focus from modeling methods to the study of the dataset itself. The establishment of a comprehensive predictive model for red meat polyunsaturated fatty acids holds profound significance for the food industry. However, challenges, such as intricate features and low chemical content bestow complexity upon this endeavor. In the study, an autoencoder-assisted generative adversarial network (AE-GAN) was used to address the intricacies of generative models in regression operations. Following numerous iterations, the AE-GAN generated samples akin to the original data. Upon the incorporation of these generated samples into training, the test set R2 values of Support Vector Regression, Random Forest and Fully Convolutional Network witnessed respective enhancements of 0.1589, 0.1482 and 0.2998. The outcomes underscore the efficacy of this novel approach in ameliorating the challenges faced by generative models in regression tasks, thereby augmenting the model's generalizability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic fluid seal(MFS) is one of the most mature applications of magnetic fluid(MF) and is widely used in numerous fields. The permanent magnet is an integral component of the classic MFS and provides a stable and robust magnetic field. However, this leads to a high initial torque requirement and a noticeable separation between ferromagnetic particles and the base liquid in the presence of such a strong magnetic field. This situation results in starting difficulties and impedes the normal device startup, particularly in low-temperature environments. Moreover, a constant magnetic field fails to address fluctuating pressure. To address these issues, we have introduced a novel design for the field-controlled MFS. Through theoretical and finite element analyses(FEA), we derived the magnetic field distribution within the seal gap. Additionally, we established the theoretical range for the sealing capacity of the field-control MFS. Experimental results demonstrate that the magnetic field, sealing capacity, and starting torque all increase with higher coil currents. The reduction in starting torque is particularly pronounced at lower temperatures. By manipulating the magnetic field, the starting torque can be reduced by over 50%. The field-controlled MFS exhibits a 0.24 MPa sealing capacity without requiring cooling equipment, representing a 33% improvement in sealing capacity compared to the classic MFS without a coil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the capacity of critical flicker frequency (CFF) in discriminating cataract eyes with or without macula disease using trichromatic flickers, and to develop a model to predict postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA).Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of macular disease. CFF threshold measurements of red (R-CFF), green (G-CFF), and yellow (Y-CFF) flickers were conducted both preoperatively and postoperatively. A generalized estimating equations model (GEE) was employed to examine the relationship between CFF threshold and 3-month postoperative BCVA.A total of 115 eyes were enrolled, with 59 eyes in the cataract alone group and 56 eyes in the cataract with macular disease group completing the follow-up. R-CFF was found to be consistent before and after cataract removal (P = 0.06), even in cases where OCT was not performed successfully (P > 0.05). Y-CFF showed the highest AUC (0.798) for differentiating ocular comorbidities. According to the GEE model, in patients with a CFF threshold below 26 Hz, the odds ratios for achieving a postoperative VA of 20/40 or better were 34.8% for R-CFF, 26.0% for G-CFF, and 24.5% for Y-CFF.CFF emerges as a promising tool for predicting postoperative BCVA, providing valuable supplementary insights when fundus examination is obstructed. R-CFF demonstrates the best resistance to cataracts, while Y-CFF exhibits the highest sensitivity both in identifying macular diseases and predicting postoperative BCVA of 20/40 or better.Methods: To investigate the capacity of critical flicker frequency (CFF) in discriminating cataract eyes with or without macula disease using trichromatic flickers, and to develop a model to predict postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA).Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of macular disease. CFF threshold measurements of red (R-CFF), green (G-CFF), and yellow (Y-CFF) flickers were conducted both preoperatively and postoperatively. A generalized estimating equations model (GEE) was employed to examine the relationship between CFF threshold and 3-month postoperative BCVA.A total of 115 eyes were enrolled, with 59 eyes in the cataract alone group and 56 eyes in the cataract with macular disease group completing the follow-up. R-CFF was found to be consistent before and after cataract removal (P = 0.06), even in cases where OCT was not performed successfully (P > 0.05). Y-CFF showed the highest AUC (0.798) for differentiating ocular comorbidities. According to the GEE model, in patients with a CFF threshold below 26 Hz, the odds ratios for achieving a postoperative VA of 20/40 or better were 34.8% for R-CFF, 26.0% for G-CFF, and 24.5% for Y-CFF.CFF emerges as a promising tool for predicting postoperative BCVA, providing valuable supplementary insights when fundus examination is obstructed. R-CFF demonstrates the best resistance to cataracts, while Y-CFF exhibits the highest sensitivity both in identifying macular diseases and predicting postoperative BCVA of 20/40 or better.Results: To investigate the capacity of critical flicker frequency (CFF) in discriminating cataract eyes with or without macula disease using trichromatic flickers, and to develop a model to predict postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA).Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of macular disease. CFF threshold measurements of red (R-CFF), green (G-CFF), and yellow (Y-CFF) flickers were conducted both preoperatively and postoperatively. A generalized estimating equations model (GEE) was employed to examine the relationship between CFF threshold and 3-month postoperative BCVA.A total of 115 eyes were enrolled, with 59 eyes in the cataract alone group and 56 eyes in the cataract with macular disease group completing the follow-up. R-CFF was found to be consistent before and after cataract removal (P = 0.06), even in cases where OCT was not performed successfully (P > 0.05). Y-CFF showed the highest AUC (0.798) for differentiating ocular comorbidities. According to the GEE model, in patients with a CFF threshold below 26 Hz, the odds ratios for achieving a postoperative VA of 20/40 or better were 34.8% for R-CFF, 26.0% for G-CFF, and 24.5% for Y-CFF.CFF emerges as a promising tool for predicting postoperative BCVA, providing valuable supplementary insights when fundus examination is obstructed. R-CFF demonstrates the best resistance to cataracts, while Y-CFF exhibits the highest sensitivity both in identifying macular diseases and predicting postoperative BCVA of 20/40 or better.Conclusion: To investigate the capacity of critical flicker frequency (CFF) in discriminating cataract eyes with or without macula disease using trichromatic flickers, and to develop a model to predict postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA).Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of macular disease. CFF threshold measurements of red (R-CFF), green (G-CFF), and yellow (Y-CFF) flickers were conducted both preoperatively and postoperatively. A generalized estimating equations model (GEE) was employed to examine the relationship between CFF threshold and 3-month postoperative BCVA.A total of 115 eyes were enrolled, with 59 eyes in the cataract alone group and 56 eyes in the cataract with macular disease group completing the follow-up. R-CFF was found to be consistent before and after cataract removal (P = 0.06), even in cases where OCT was not performed successfully (P > 0.05). Y-CFF showed the highest AUC (0.798) for differentiating ocular comorbidities. According to the GEE model, in patients with a CFF threshold below 26 Hz, the odds ratios for achieving a postoperative VA of 20/40 or better were 34.8% for R-CFF, 26.0% for G-CFF, and 24.5% for Y-CFF.CFF emerges as a promising tool for predicting postoperative BCVA, providing valuable supplementary insights when fundus examination is obstructed. R-CFF demonstrates the best resistance to cataracts, while Y-CFF exhibits the highest sensitivity both in identifying macular diseases and predicting postoperative BCVA of 20/40 or better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epidemiological evidence shows that diabetic patients are susceptible to high temperature weather, and brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity is closely related to type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Activation of BAT under cold stress helps improve T2DM. However, the impact of high temperature on the activity of BAT is still unclear. The study aimed to investigate the impact of heat stress on glucose and lipid metabolism in T2DM mice by influencing BAT activity. High-fat feeding and injecting streptozotocin (STZ) induced model of T2DM mice. All mice were randomly divided into three groups: a normal(N) group, a diabetes (DM) group and a heat stress diabetes (DMHS) group. The DMHS group received heat stress intervention for 3 days. Fasting blood glucose, fasting serum insulin and blood lipids were measured in all three groups. The activity of BAT was assessed by using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), electron microscopy, and PET CT. Furthermore, the UHPLC-Q-TOF MS technique was employed to perform metabolomics analysis of BAT on both DM group and DMHS group. The results of this study indicated that heat stress aggravated the dysregulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, exacerbated mitochondrial dysfunction in BAT and reduced the activity of BAT in T2DM mice. This may be related to the abnormal accumulation of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) in the mitochondria of BAT. • Heat stress aggravates the glucolipid metabolic disorders in T2DM mice. • Heat stress reduces BAT activity and aggravates mitochondrial dysfunction. • Heat stress may lead to abnormal accumulation of BCAAs in BAT mitochondria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]