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Sulfate- and sulfite-reducing bacteria (SRB) are a group of strict anaerobes found within the human gut. Bilophila wadsworthia, a sulfite-reducing bacterium which produces hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from taurine and isethionate respiration, is a common member of the healthy commensal human gut microbiota but has been implicated in several disease states including inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, one of the most prominent gut bacteria, has sulfatases which release sulfate, serving as a potential substrate for sulfate-reducing bacteria. Here, we showed that when B. thetaiotaomicron and B. wadsworthia were in co-culture, there was a significant increase in B. thetaiotaomicron’s growth and in H2S production by B. wadsworthia. Differential gene expression analysis revealed increased expression of B. wadsworthia’s dsrMKJOP complex in co-culture, which delivers electrons for sulfite reduction to H2S. This was accompanied by a decreased expression of genes associated with taurine, sulfolactate, and thiosulfate respiration, indicating that B. thetaiotaomicron may provide an alternative source of sulfite to B. wadsworthia. We hypothesized adenosine 5’-phosphosulfate (APS) to be this intermediate. Indeed, B. wadsworthia was able to grow using APS or sulfite as electron acceptors. Endometabolomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed decreased production of indole by B. thetaiotaomicron in co-culture with B. wadsworthia due to enhanced tryptophan utilization by B. wadsworthia. The results of this microbe−microbe interaction could have significant pro-inflammatory effects in the human gut environment.

Abstract Spontaneous fermentation of cereals like millet involves a diverse population of microbes from various sources, including raw materials, processing equipment, fermenting receptacles, and the environment. Here, we present data on the predominant microbial species and their succession at each stage of the Hausa koko production process from five regions of Ghana. The isolates were enumerated using selective media, purified, and phenotypically characterised. The LAB isolates were further characterised by 16S rRNA Sanger sequencing, typed using (GTG)5 repetitive-PCR, and whole genome sequencing, while 28S rRNA Sanger sequencing was performed for yeast identification. The pH of the millet grains ranged from mean values of 6.02—6.53 to 3.51—3.99 in the final product, depending on the processors. The mean LAB and yeast counts increased during fermentation then fell to final counts of log 2.77–3.95 CFU/g for LAB and log 2.10–2.98 CFU/g for yeast in Hausa koko samples. At the various processing stages, the counts of LAB and yeast revealed significant variations (p

Citrus cultivation is vital to global agriculture, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of the soil microbiome’s diversity for sustainable practices. This study provides initial insights into the bacteriome in citrus crops in Santander, Colombia, employing a holistic approach combining culture-based techniques, sequencing methods, and bioinformatics analyses. The study explores organic and non-organic cultivation systems, revealing statistically significant differences in bacterial community composition between both practices. In general, the communities are dominated by members of the Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria, along with bacterial orders Gaiellales and Burkholderiales, all contributing to intricate ecological processes. Culture-based methods aided in the isolation of potential biotechnologically relevant strains. Among them, strain CP102 showed a pronounced carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) degradation capacity. Genetic analysis of the isolate resulted in the generation of the first closed genome of a member of the species Enterobacter soli and identified an unreported 109 kb plasmid. Further genomic examination revealed genes potentially associated with cellulose degradation in this species, which provides the isolate with biotechnological potential. This research significantly advances the global understanding of citrus-associated bacteriomes, shaping future agricultural practices and promoting the development of sustainable bioproducts.