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Abstract Objective This study aims to explore the appropriate surgical treatment method for acute intestinal obstruction caused by gastrointestinal foreign bodies in children through a comparison of clinical characteristics in patients treated via laparoscopically assisted approach and open surgery. Methods This study retrospectively analyzed 12 children with acute intestinal obstruction caused by gastrointestinal foreign bodies treated at Shanghai Children’s Hospital and Huzhou Maternity and Child Care Hospital from June 2019 to June 2024. Basic information, treatment methods, and prognoses of the patients were collected. General data, operation time, postoperative fasting time, postoperative hospital stay, and intraoperative and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. Categorical data were compared using Fisher’s exact test. Normally distributed continuous data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and analyzed using an independent samples t-test; non-normally distributed data were expressed as M (P25, P75) and analyzed using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test. Results Six cases underwent laparoscopic transumbilical extended incision, successfully extracting the intestines and removing the foreign bodies without converting to open surgery. Compared to Six cases undergoing traditional open surgery during the same period, the postoperative fasting time and postoperative hospital stay in the laparoscopic group were 4 (5 ± 3.65) days and 5.5 (5 ± 7.5) days, respectively, while in the traditional open surgery group, they were 5 (4.25 ± 6) days and 6 (5 ± 8.6) days, respectively; the differences were statistically significant (P

Abstract Plants are capable of altering root growth direction to curtail exposure to a saline environment (termed halotropism). The root cap that surrounds root tip meristematic stem cells plays crucial roles in perceiving and responding to environmental stimuli. However, how the root cap mediates root halotropism remains undetermined. Here, we identified a root cap-localized NAC transcription factor, SOMBRERO (SMB), that is required for root halotropism. Its effect on root halotropism is attributable to the establishment of asymmetric auxin distribution in the lateral root cap (LRC) rather than to the alteration of cellular sodium equilibrium or amyloplast statoliths. Furthermore, SMB is essential for basal expression of the auxin influx carrier gene AUX1 in LRC and for auxin redistribution in a spatiotemporally-regulated manner, thereby leading to directional bending of roots away from higher salinity. Our findings uncover an SMB-AUX1-auxin module linking the role of the root cap to the activation of root halotropism.

Fluorescence flow cytometry is a powerful instrument to distinguish cells or particles labelled with high-specificity fluorophores. However, traditional flow cytometry is complex, bulky, and inconvenient for users to adjust fluorescence channels. In this paper, we present a modular fluorescence flow cytometry (M-FCM) system in which fluorescence channels can be flexibly arranged. Modules for particle focusing and fluorescence detection were developed. After hydrodynamical focusing, the cells were measured in the detection modules, which were integrated with in situ illumination and fluorescence detection. The signal-to-noise ratio of the detection reached to 33.2 dB. The crosstalk among the fluorescence channels was eliminated. The M-FCM system was applied to evaluate cell viability in drug screening, agreeing well with the commercial cytometry. The modular cytometry presents several outstanding features: flexibility in setting fluorescence channels, cost efficiency, compact construction, ease of operation, and the potential to upgrade for multifunctional measurements. The modular cytometry provides a multifunctional platform for various biophysical measurements, e.g., electrical impedance and refractive-index detection. The proposed work paves an innovative avenue for the multivariate analysis of cellular characteristics.

Pathogenic microorganisms play a crucial role in the global disease burden due to their ability to cause various diseases and spread through multiple transmission routes. Immunity tests identify antigens related to these pathogens, thereby confirming past infections and monitoring the host’s immune response. Traditional pathogen detection methods, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and chemiluminescent immunoassays (CLIAs), are often labor-intensive, slow, and reliant on sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel, which can be limiting in resource-poor settings. In contrast, the development of microfluidic technologies presents a promising alternative, offering automation, miniaturization, and cost efficiency. These advanced methods are poised to replace traditional assays by streamlining processes and enabling rapid, high-throughput immunity testing for pathogens. This review highlights the latest advancements in microfluidic systems designed for rapid and high-throughput immunity testing, incorporating immunosensors, single molecule arrays (Simoas), a lateral flow assay (LFA), and smartphone integration. It focuses on key pathogenic microorganisms such as SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and the ZIKA virus (ZIKV). Additionally, the review discusses the challenges, commercialization prospects, and future directions to advance microfluidic systems for infectious disease detection.

Within the fields of infectious disease diagnostics, microfluidic-based integrated technology systems have become a vital technology in enhancing the rapidity, accuracy, and portability of pathogen detection. These systems synergize microfluidic techniques with advanced molecular biology methods, including reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), have been successfully used to identify a diverse array of pathogens, including COVID-19, Ebola, Zika, and dengue fever. This review outlines the advances in pathogen detection, attributing them to the integration of microfluidic technology with traditional molecular biology methods and smartphone- and paper-based diagnostic assays. The cutting-edge diagnostic technologies are of critical importance for disease prevention and epidemic surveillance. Looking ahead, research is expected to focus on increasing detection sensitivity, streamlining testing processes, reducing costs, and enhancing the capability for remote data sharing. These improvements aim to achieve broader coverage and quicker response mechanisms, thereby constructing a more robust defense for global public health security.

The factor of combustion and explosion remains one of the main constraints on coal mining and management. To clarify the impact of structural properties on the consequences of gas explosion disasters during coal mining, this article conducts a study on the impact of the elastic modulus of structures on gas explosion disasters. The research results indicate that in the case where structures with high elastic modulus must exist, the elastic modulus of the structure has minimal impact on the structure during the early stage of flame development. The area of flame front and the degree of deflagration also decrease with the increase of elastic modulus, but the disturbance degree of air-flow and flame in the pipe increases with the increase of elastic modulus. The peak flame velocity at elastic modulus of 0.7 GPa and 2.8 GPa increased by 3.56% and 7.47% compared to elastic modulus of 0.18 GPa, respectively. The upstream overpressure peak increased by 24.63% and 42.52%. The downstream overpressure peak increased by 11.19% and 20.62%. The peak values of flame velocity and overpressure increase with the increase of elastic modulus, while the explosion intensity and pressure rise rate increase with the increase of elastic modulus. The explosion intensity index at elastic modulus 2.8 GPa is approximately 1.45 times that at elastic modulus 0.18 GPa. Therefore, it is necessary to choose structures with smaller elastic modulus as much as possible to achieve the best fire and explosion suppression effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the explosion suppression efficiency of porous media in natural gas hydrogen-doped pipelines, this paper designs and builds an experimental platform with dimensions of 10 cm × 10 cm × 100 cm organ transparent glass explosion pipeline and researches the synergistic effect of the use of nickel foam and CO2 to inhibit the explosion of hydrogen-doped methane with a hydrogen doping ratio of φ = 10%. Studies have shown that using a dual explosion suppression mechanism, the synergistic effect of nickel foam and CO2 acting at different jet positions has a significant inhibitory effect on the flame and overpressure of low-hydrogen-ratio methane explosions. The synergistic CO2 in porous media has a more potent inhibitory effect on the right-side wall jet than on the left-side and left-side jet. When the synergistic impact of nickel foam and CO2 acts on the right-side wall jet, the flame is quenched, substantially attenuating the overpressure peak. When the nickel foam synergistic CO2 acts on the right-side wall jet, the optimal effect is achieved when the CO2 jet pressure is set at 0.3 MPa, which successfully quenches the flame and significantly reduces the overpressure peak. However, the dual explosion suppression mechanism fails when the CO2 jet pressure is 0.2 MPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]