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目的 探索系统性免疫炎症指数（systemic immune-inflammatory index，SII）与卒中后抑郁（post-stroke depression，PSD）的关系及SII对PSD的预测价值。 方法 连续纳入2019年2月—2021年2月在宝鸡市中心医院神经内科住院治疗的缺血性卒中患者，进行回顾性分析。根据发病30 d后HAMD-17评分分为PSD组和非PSD组。比较两组患者人口学特点、影像资料、临床基线数据、SII等信息，采用多因素logistic回归分析法来研究SII与PSD的关系。 结果 本研究共纳入307例患者，其中PSD组103例，非PSD组204例。PSD组患者的SII明显高于非PSD组[518.89×109/L（478.20×109/L～559.12×109/L）vs. 448.15×109/L（407.88×109/L～ 490.16×109/L），P＜0.001]。PSD组患者HAMD-17评分与SII呈正相关（r=0.364，P＜0.001）。多因素logistic分析提示SII增高是PSD发病的独立性危险因素（中间三分位数：OR 1.770，95%CI 1.325～2.364，P=0.003；较高三分位数：OR 2.472，95%CI 1.747～3.469，P=0.001）。ROC分析显示，SII预测PSD对应的AUC为0.765（95%CI 0.709～0.820，P＜0.001），SII预测PSD的最佳临界值为478.18×109/L，此时敏感度为75.7%，特异度为67.6%。 结论 SII增高可能是PSD的独立性危险因素，对PSD有潜在的预测价值。 Abstract: Objective This study explored the correlation between systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) and post-stroke depression (PSD) and the predictive value of SII for PSD diagnosis. Methods Patients diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke for the first time in the Department of Neurology of Baoji Central Hospital from February 2019 to February 2021 were consecutively enrolled. The patients were divided into PSD group and non-PSD group according to the results of the HAMD-17, 30 days after onset. The two groups’ demographic characteristics, imaging data, baseline clinical data, and SII were compared, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the correlation between SII and PSD. Results A total of 307 patients were included in this study, including 103 patients in the PSD group and 204 patients in the non-PSD group. The SII in the PSD group was significantly higher than that in the non-PSD group[518.89×109/L (478.20×109/L-559.12×109/L) vs. 448.15×109/L (407.88×109/L-490.16×109/L), P﹤0.001]. HAMD-17 score was positively correlated with SII in PSD patients (r=0.364, P﹤0.001). Multivariate logistic results indicated that increment of SII was an independent risk factor for PSD (middle tertile: OR 1.170, 95%CI 1.325-2.364, P=0.003; highest tertile: OR 2.472, 95%CI 1.747-3.469, P=0.001). ROC analysis showed that the AUC of PSD predicted by SII was 0.765 (95%CI 0.709-0.820, P﹤0.001) , the cut-off point for predicting PSD was 478.18×109/L, the sensitivity was 75.7%, and the specificity was 67.6%. Conclusions Increased SII is an independent risk factor for PSD, which has a potential predictive value for diagnosing PSD.

Groundwater is one of the important freshwater resources on Earth and is closely related to human activities. As a good biological vector, a more diverse repertory of antibiotic resistance genes in the water environment would have a profound impact on human medical health. Therefore, this study conducted a metagenomic sequencing analysis of water samples from groundwater monitoring points in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River to characterize microbial community composition and antibiotic resistance in the groundwater environment. Our results show that different microbial communities and community composition were the driving factors in the groundwater environment, and a diversity of antibiotic resistance genes in the groundwater environment was detected. The main source of antibiotic resistance gene host was determined by correlation tests and analyses. In this study, metagenomics was used for the first time to comprehensively analyze microbial communities in groundwater systems in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin. The data obtained from this study serve as an invaluable resource and represent the basic metagenomic characteristics of groundwater microbial communities in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin. These findings will be useful tools and provide a basis for future research on water microbial community and quality, greatly expanding the depth and breadth of our understanding of groundwater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular imaging is a non‐invasive imaging method that is widely used for visualization and detection of biological events at cellular or molecular levels. Stimuli‐responsive linkers that can be selectively cleaved by specific biomarkers at desired sites to release or activate imaging agents are appealing tools to improve the specificity, sensitivity, and efficacy of molecular imaging. This review summarizes the recent advances of stimuli‐responsive linkers and their application in molecular imaging, highlighting the potential of these linkers in the design of activatable molecular imaging probes. It is hoped that this review could inspire more research interests in the development of responsive linkers and associated imaging applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) that exhibit dynamic phase‐transition behavior under external stimuli could have great potential in adsorptive separations. Here we report on a zinc‐based microporous MOF (JNU‐80) and its reversible transformation between two crystalline phases: large pore (JNU‐80‐LP) and narrow pore (JNU‐80‐NP). Specifically, JNU‐80‐LP can undergo a dehydration‐induced cluster consolidation under heat treatment, resulting in JNU‐80‐NP with a reduced channel that allows exclusion of di‐branched hexane isomers while high adsorption of linear and mono‐branched hexane isomers. We further demonstrate the fabrication of MOF‐polymer composite (JNU‐80‐NP‐block) and its application in the purification of di‐branched isomers from liquid‐phase hexane mixtures (98 % di‐branched) at room temperature, affording the di‐branched hexane isomers with 99.5 % purity and close to 90 % recovery rate over ten cycles. This work illustrates an interesting dehydration‐induced cluster consolidation in MOF structure and the ensuing channel shrinkage for sieving di‐branched hexane isomers, which may have important implications for the development of MOFs with dynamic behavior and their potential applications in non‐thermal driven separation technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parasitic plants have a heterotrophic lifestyle, in which they withdraw all or part of their nutrients from their host through the haustorium. Despite the release of many draft genomes of parasitic plants, the genome evolution related to the parasitism feature of facultative parasites remains largely unknown. In this study, we present a high‐quality chromosomal‐level genome assembly for the facultative parasite Pedicularis kansuensis (Orobanchaceae), which invades both legume and grass host species in degraded grasslands on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. This species has the largest genome size compared with other parasitic species, and expansions of long terminal repeat retrotransposons accounting for 62.37% of the assembly greatly contributed to the genome size expansion of this species. A total of 42,782 genes were annotated, and the patterns of gene loss in P. kansuensis differed from other parasitic species. We also found many mobile mRNAs between P. kansuensis and one of its host species, but these mobile mRNAs could not compensate for the functional losses of missing genes in P. kansuensis. In addition, we identified nine horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events from rosids and monocots, as well as one single‐gene duplication events from HGT genes, which differ distinctly from that of other parasitic species. Furthermore, we found evidence for HGT through transferring genomic fragments from phylogenetically remote host species. Taken together, these findings provide genomic insights into the evolution of facultative parasites and broaden our understanding of the diversified genome evolution in parasitic plants and the molecular mechanisms of plant parasitism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Jasmonate ZIM-domain (JAZ) proteins, which act as negative regulators in the jasmonic acid (JA) signalling pathway, have significant implications for plant development and response to abiotic stress. Results: Through a comprehensive genome-wide analysis, a total of 20 members of the JAZ gene family specific to alfalfa were identified in its genome. Phylogenetic analysis divided these 20 MsJAZ genes into five subgroups. Gene structure analysis, protein motif analysis, and 3D protein structure analysis revealed that alfalfa JAZ genes in the same evolutionary branch share similar exon‒intron, motif, and 3D structure compositions. Eight segmental duplication events were identified among these 20 MsJAZ genes through collinearity analysis. Among the 32 chromosomes of the autotetraploid cultivated alfalfa, there were 20 MsJAZ genes distributed on 17 chromosomes. Extensive stress-related cis-acting elements were detected in the upstream sequences of MsJAZ genes, suggesting that their response to stress has an underlying function. Furthermore, the expression levels of MsJAZ genes were examined across various tissues and under the influence of salt stress conditions, revealing tissue-specific expression and regulation by salt stress. Through RT‒qPCR experiments, it was discovered that the relative expression levels of these six MsJAZ genes increased under salt stress. Conclusions: In summary, our study represents the first comprehensive identification and analysis of the JAZ gene family in alfalfa. These results provide important information for exploring the mechanism of JAZ genes in alfalfa salt tolerance and identifying candidate genes for improving the salt tolerance of autotetraploid cultivated alfalfa via genetic engineering in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crossing of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for conventional anticancer drugs is still a big challenge in treating glioma. The biomimetic nanoparticle delivery system has attracted increasing attention and has a promising future for crossing the BBB. Herein, we construct a multifunctional biomimetic nanoplatform using the erythrocyte membrane (EM) with the tumor-penetrating peptide iRGD (CRGDK/RGPD/EC) as a delivery, and the inner core loaded with the chemotherapeutic drug temozolomide (TMZ). The resulting biomimetic nanoparticle has perfect biocompatibility and stealth ability, which will provide more chances to escape the reticuloendothelial system (RES) entrapment, and increase the opportunity to enter the tumor site. Moreover, the decorated iRGD has been extensively used to actively targeting and deliver therapeutic agents across the BBB into glioma tissue. We show that this biomimetic delivery of TMZ with a diameter of 22 nm efficiently slowed the growth of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and increased the survival rate of the 30 d from 0% to 100%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Encapsulation of enzymes within porous materials has shown great promise for protecting enzymes from denaturation, increasing their tolerance to harsh environments and promoting their industrialization. However, controlling the conformational freedom of the encapsulated enzymes to enhance their catalytic performance remains a great challenge. To address this issue, herein, following immobilization of GOx and HRP on a thermo-responsive porous poly(styrene-maleic-anhydride-N-isopropylacrylamide) (PSMN) membrane, a GOx–HRP@PSMN@HZIF-8 composite was fabricated by encapsulating GOx–HRP@PSMN in hollow ZIF-8 (HZIF-8) with liposome (L) as the sacrificial template. The improved conformational freedom for enzymes arising from the hollow cavity formed in ZIF-8 through the removal of L enhanced the mass transfer and dramatically promoted the catalytic activity of the composite. Interestingly, at high temperature, the coiled PN moiety in PSMN provided the confinement effect for GOx–HRP, which also significantly boosted the catalytic performance of the composites. Compared to the maximum catalytic reaction rates (Vmax) of GOx–HRP@PSMN@LZIF-8, the free enzyme and GOx–HRP@ZIF-8, the Vmax of the GOx–HRP@PSMN@HZIF-8 composite exhibited an impressive 17.8-fold, 10.8-fold and 6.0-fold enhancement at 37 °C, respectively. The proposed composites successfully demonstrated their potential as catalytic platforms for the colorimetric detection of glucose in a cascade reaction. This study paves a new way for overcoming the current limitations of immobilizing enzymes in porous materials and the use of smart polymers for the potential fabrication of enzyme@polymer@MOF composites with tunable conformational freedom and confinement effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]