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Crafting photoelectrocatalytic materials with robust oxidation-reduction properties for simultaneous hydrogen evolution and pollutant degradation poses a formidable challenge. In this study, a pg-C3N4/β-FeOOH S-scheme heterostructure with a special energy band structure was developed by anchoring porous pg-C3N4 on needle shaped β-FeOOH. Functioning as a hole extraction layer, needle-leaf-like β-FeOOH can facilitate efficient hole migration and enhance charge transport. Remarkably, the optimized 0.2-pg-C3N4/β-FeOOH could degrade 78% of ofloxacin (OFLO) in 90 min. The organic pollutants could absorb a large number of holes, which prompted a greater proportion of photogenerated electrons to actively participate in the hydrogen evolution reaction at the cathode. Consequently, the hydrogen production of 0.2-pg-C3N4/β-FeOOH reached 1452.88 µmol cm−2 h−1, exhibiting a notable increase of 61.81–165.12 µmol cm−2 h−1 compared with that in the absence of pollutants. Experimental and theoretical calculation results underscore that this investigation is grounded in a distinctive electron and hole dual channel transfer mechanism. These findings offer novel insights for the future development of S-scheme heterojunction photoelectrocatalytic materials capable of concurrently degrading pollutants and promoting hydrogen evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To elucidate the clinical and pathological characteristics of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with high and low insulin resistance., Methods: In total, 1393 GDM and 1001 non-GDM singleton deliveries were included in this study. Insulin resistance subtypes were classified according to the HOMA2-IR value. Clinical data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0. Placenta samples were collected for pathological analysis., Results: Maternal age and fasting glucose were identified as independent risk factors for GDM with high insulin resistance (p < 0.01), while fasting glucose was the sole risk factor for GDM with low insulin resistance (p < 0.001). Fetal distress was associated with both of GDM subtypes (both p < 0.01), while anemia, fetal growth restriction, large for gestational age and intrahepatic cholestasis in pregnancy were related to specific GDM insulin resistance subtype. In addition, GDM with high insulin resistance showed an increase of syncytial knots with down-regulation of PI3K/AKT signaling, while GDM with low insulin resistance showed normal syncytial knot counts and up-regulation of PI3K/AKT signaling., Conclusions: Our findings provide novel perspectives to the clinical and pathological comprehensions of GDM with high and low insulin resistance, which might facilitate the mechanism study of GDM and its precision pregnancy management., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)