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Nickel-based superalloys have attracted significant attention due to their outstanding high-temperature strength, corrosion resistance, and oxidation resistance, and are widely used in aerospace and other fields. This article provides a comprehensive review of the preparation methods, common grades, and microstructure and properties of additive manufactured nickel-based superalloys, summarizes the current issues, and proposes future areas for exploration. Nickel-based superalloys prepared by metal additive manufacturing technology have excellent performance, can achieve precise forming of complex components, and have minimal material waste during the manufacturing process. They are expected to become an important production process for nickel-based superalloys components in fields such as aerospace. Common methods for additive manufacturing of nickel-based superalloys include laser powder bed melting, directed energy deposition, and arc additive manufacturing. Powder bed melting is widely used for manufacturing high-precision and complex parts, but it has a relatively slow manufacturing speed and higher equipment and material costs. Directed energy deposition has higher degrees of freedom and flexibility and can be used to prepare functional gradient materials, but it has lower accuracy. Arc additive manufacturing has lower equipment and material costs and is suitable for rapid manufacturing of large parts, but the surface roughness of the alloy produced by this method is poor and requires additional processing or post-treatment. Nickel-based superalloys widely studied in the additive manufacturing process include IN625, Hastelloy X, and other solid solution strengthened alloys, as well as IN718, CM247LC, IN738LC, and other precipitation strengthened superalloys. Compared with traditional casting and forging methods, the unique layer-by-layer forming and rapid cooling and heating process of additive manufacturing result in a coarse columnar grain structure and a unique microstructure with a large number of fine grains. It also forms unique melt pool structures and dislocation cell structures. However, the alloys obtained by additive manufacturing generally require heat treatment to control grain structure and precipitated phases, which affects the mechanical properties of the alloy. In addition, the mechanical properties of additive manufactured nickel-based superalloys are also related to specific preparation methods and alloy types. Although additive manufacturing has been widely used in the preparation of nickel-based superalloys, there are still issues such as anisotropy in microstructure and properties, high sensitivity to alloy cracking, and a lack of corresponding specifications and standards. In the future, further exploration is needed in areas such as heat treatment, customization and development of specialized alloys, investigation of the process-structure-function relationship, and computational modeling.

Background: The contribution of interspecies interactions between coinfecting pathogens to chronic refractory infection by affecting pathogenicity is well established. However, little is known about the impact of intraspecific interactions on infection relapse, despite the cross-talk of different strains within one species is more common in clinical infection. We reported a case of chronic refractory pulmonary infection relapse, caused by two methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) strains (SA01 and SA02) and revealed a novel strategy for relapse via intraspecific cooperation. Methods: The hemolytic ability, growth curve, biofilm formation, virulence genes and response of G. mellonella larvae to S. aureus infection were analysed to confirm this hypothesis. Results: SA02 hemolytic activity was inhibited by SA01, along with the expression of hemolysin genes and the virulence factor Hla. Additionally, SA01 significantly enhanced the biofilm formation of SA02. AIP-RNAIII may be a possible pathway for this interaction. Compared with mono-infection, a worse outcome (decreased larval survival and increased microbial burden) of the two MSSA strains coinfected with G. mellonella confirmed that intraspecific interactions indeed enhanced bacterial survival in vivo. Conclusion: The intraspecific interaction of S. aureus could lead to chronic refractory infection via pathogenicity changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Yangtze Craton is one of the crucial cratons constitued the eastern Asia continent. It is characterized by Archaean to Paleoproterozoic basement rocks, making it an excellent area to study the Precambrian geologic and tectonic regime. Recently, abundant Archaean rocks have been reported from the Dabie Orogen, which providing important information to understanding the early evolution of the Northern Yangtze Craton. In this contribution, we present petrological, whole-rock geochemical, and zircon U – Pb – Hf isotopic analyses on newly discovered Neoarchean granite in the Dabie Orogen. We identified 2744 ± 10 Ma and 2715 ± 11 Ma (~2.74 Ga) Na-rich granitic gneisses, 2691 ± 6 Ma and 2696 ± 8 Ma (~2.69 Ga) A2-type granitic gneisses, and 2664 ± 8 Ma, 2664 ± 6 Ma, 2672 ± 7 Ma, 2642 ± 10 Ma (~2.66 Ga) A1-type granitic/syenite gneisses from the Daqishan area of the Dabie Orogen. Geochemical and zircon Hf isotope data indicate that the ~ 2.74 Ga Na-rich granitic gneisses were partial melting products of thickened mafic crust with limited depleted mantle input, while the 2.69 Ga and 2.66 Ga A-type granitic gneisses represent felsic magmatism in a post-collisional to an extensional tectonic setting. Based on our research, we categorized the Northern Yangtze Craton into the Kongling domain and Dabie domain by comparing with the distribution of the zircon U-Pb magmatic ages and metamorphic events. We suggest that the initial unified basement of the northern proto-Yangtze Craton formed during the Nuna supercontinent cycle at ~ 2.0 Ga. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Aesthetics medicine, a controversial branch of clinical medicine known for its high degree of commercialization, faces numerous conflicts, particularly in some developing countries. The global aesthetics medicine industry requires enhancements of its legal and supervision framework and risk management systems. Aims: This paper aimed to provide a comprehensive visual analysis of academic achievements related to regulatory and legal issues in the field of aesthetic medicine and to identify its development trends and research hotspots. Methods: The Web of Science Core Collection was employed to retrieve relevant studies, resulting in a total of 602 research articles after selection. Utilizing bibliometric methods and CiteSpace, this study analyzed the primary countries, institutions, authors, journals, hotspots, frontiers, and trends in this domain. Results: The findings indicated rapid increases in the number of published papers. The United States emerged as the leading contributor with 131 research papers and the highest intermediate centrality. Eleven keyword clusters were identified, with "adolescence" and "office‐based surgery" being the most recent topics. We also analyzed the trends and frontiers of legal research in medical aesthetics. Conclusion: The importance of informed consent has been increasingly emphasized, and research in the field of medical aesthetics has been gradually expanding beyond individual cosmetic procedures. The management system has become more comprehensive, moreover, guidelines and medical laws have been continually published, with research shifting toward a holistic perspective that encompasses patients, medical aesthetic providers, and regulatory authorities in the study of medical aesthetics regulation and legislation. This paper also proposes some innovative directions for future research and applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Athlete selection, as a crucial step for the success of competitive sports, is the last hurdle in the whole sports talent cultivation chain, which is related to the stability and sustainable development of the sports. In athlete selection, coaches play the role of decision-makers in selecting the most suitable athletes for a specific sport or competition from a large pool of talented athletes. Therefore, understanding how coaches' decisions impact athlete selection is crucial in establishing selection rules, formulating effective decision-making, and developing accurate athlete development policies. This review was conducted by searching the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus databases for English-language literature on coaching decision-making and talent selection, and screening and categorizing the literature according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 10 articles were included in this review. Based on the meta-synthesis findings, coaches' decision-making styles, intuition, and abilities play a significant role in athlete selection. Additionally, coaches' personalities are also an important factor that influences their decision-making process in identifying and selecting talented players. This review also emphasizes that coach decision-making is essential not only in athlete selection, but also in athlete detection, identification, and development, as coach behavior affects the success of the entire team. In addition, reinforcement of professional competence development and maintenance of continuous learning for coaches is the requirement of the times and the key to the success of athlete selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding how function and structure are organized and their coupling with clinical traits in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a primary goal in network neuroscience research for ASD. Atypical brain functional networks and structures in individuals with ASD have been reported, but whether these associations show heterogeneous hierarchy modeling in adolescents and adults with ASD remains to be clarified. In this study, 176 adolescent and 74 adult participants with ASD without medication or comorbidities and sex, age matched healthy controls (HCs) from 19 research groups from the openly shared Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange II database were included. To investigate the relationship between the functional gradient, structural changes, and clinical symptoms of brain networks in adolescents and adults with ASD, functional gradient and voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) analyses based on 1000 parcels defined by Schaefer mapped to Yeo's seven‐network atlas were performed. Pearson's correlation was calculated between the gradient scores, gray volume and density, and clinical traits. The subsystem‐level analysis showed that the second gradient scores of the default mode networks and frontoparietal network in patients with ASD were relatively compressed compared to adolescent HCs. Adult patients with ASD showed an overall compression gradient of 1 in the ventral attention networks. In addition, the gray density and volumes of the subnetworks showed no significant differences between the ASD and HC groups at the adolescent stage. However, adults with ASD showed decreased gray density in the limbic network. Moreover, numerous functional gradient parameters, but not VBM parameters, in adolescents with ASD were considerably correlated with clinical traits in contrast to those in adults with ASD. Our findings proved that the atypical changes in adolescent ASD mainly involve the brain functional network, while in adult ASD, the changes are more related to brain structure, including gray density and volume. These changes in functional gradients or structures are markedly correlated with clinical traits in patients with ASD. Our study provides a novel understanding of the pathophysiology of the structure–function hierarchy in ASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a novel marker of insulin resistance that has been strongly associated with many diseases related to metabolic disorders, such as diabetes, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and stroke. However, whether the TyG index is associated with the prevalence of gallstones has not been determined. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the TyG index and the prevalence of gallstones in American adults, as well as the age at which adults in America undergo their first gallstone surgery. We selected individuals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 2017 to March 2020. Based on the goal of our study, comprehensive inclusion and exclusion criteria were created. A logistic regression analysis, dose–response curve, and subgroup analysis were computed to assess the relationship between the TyG index and gallstone prevalence and age at first surgery for gallstone. A total of 3905 participants aged > 20 years were included in our study, of whom 421 had a self-reported history of gallstones. A total of 1884 (48.2%) males and 2021 (51.8%) females were included. After confounders adjustment, it was found single-unit increases in the TyG index were linked with a 25.0% increase in gallstone prevalence (odds ratio [OR] = 1.25, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.04, 1.51). After conversion of the TyG index values from continuous to categorical variables with tertiles, a marked 48% increase in gallstone incidence was found in tertile 3 relative to tertile 1 (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.99). The dose–response curve results indicated positive associations between gallstone prevalence and the TyG index, while the latter was negatively associated with age at first gallstone surgery. Based on subgroup analysis, the positive association between TyG index and high-incidence of gallstones was more significant in females (OR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.77), age < 40 years (OR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.23, 3.29), and other race (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.06, 2.02). A higher TyG index is associated with a higher incidence of gallstones and may lead to an earlier age of first gallstone surgery. However, a causal relationship between TyG and gallstones cannot be established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All types of ginger have common fundamental components, although they possess distinct strengths and inclinations when it comes to effectiveness and medicinal applications. Fresh ginger possesses the ability to effectively stimulate movement within the body, alleviate the act of vomiting, induce sweating, and provide relief for external syndromes. Dried ginger possesses both defensive and stimulant characteristics, which effectively raise the internal temperature and enhance the Yang energy. Fresh ginger is more hydrating than dried ginger, highly skilled at heating the Middle-jiao, alleviating pain, halting bleeding, and managing diarrhea. Dried ginger possesses the ability to alleviate coldness when consumed in a heated form, as well as to alleviate diarrhea when consumed in a heated form. It thrives in warm conditions and has a tendency to revert back to its warm nature. The moisture content of baked ginger is inferior to that of dried ginger, but it is highly effective in alleviating pain, bleeding, and diarrhea by warming the Middle-jiao. Ginger charcoal and stir-fried charcoal, produced through carbonization, have excellent heat retention properties and are effective in warming meridians and stopping bleeding. The potency and ability to spread of roasted ginger is less intense compared to fresh ginger, and its moisture content is not as low as that of dried ginger. The medicinal characteristics of this substance are gentle, making it beneficial for alleviating vomiting in patients who are physically frail. Its primary mode of action is on the Middle-jiao. Nevertheless, the main chemical compositions of various traditional Chinese medicines are nearly identical due to their shared base element. Ginger, in particular, possesses a range of pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, and anticoagulant properties. However, modern pharmacological research has not fully acknowledged the clinical medicinal value of ginger and consequently, fails to provide accurate guidance for clinical medication. This situation has a negative impact on the contemporary advancement of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The research on modernizing ginger is conducted by analyzing and considering the prospects. It is based on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory and incorporates the comprehensive perspective of TCM philosophy. In order to modernize ginger, it is essential to have a proper knowledge of the concepts of "recognizing nature by efficacy, homology, and mutual expression of nature and efficacy" and "rationally utilizing modern drug research technology". By applying these principles, we can construct a bridge towards the advancement of ginger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of marital status on overall survival (OS) and develop a nomogram for predicting 5-year OS in chondrosarcoma (CHS) patients. Methods: We utilized the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to identify CHS patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2018. Survival rates were calculated using Kaplan–Meier analysis. Prognostic factors were identified through univariate and multivariate analyses. An independent cohort was used for external validation of the nomogram. Performance evaluation of the nomogram was conducted using Harrell's concordance index (C-index), calibration plot, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results: In the SEER cohort, Kaplan–Meier analysis showed significant differences in OS among CHS patients with different marital statuses (P < 0.001), with widowed patients having the lowest OS. In terms of gender, there were significant survival differences based on marital status in females (P < 0.001), but not in males (P = 0.067). The OS of married and single females is significantly higher than that of married (P < 0.001) and single male (P = 0.006), respectively. Kaplan–Meier curves showed no significant difference in OS between groups stratified by either gender or marital status in the external cohort. Univariate and multivariate analyses confirmed that age at diagnosis, gender, marital status, tumor size, histological type, tumor grade, SEER stage, and surgery were independent prognostic factors for OS. The nomogram demonstrated high internal and external validation C-indexes of 0.818 and 0.88, respectively. Calibration plots, DCA curve, and Kaplan–Meier curve (P < 0.001) confirmed the excellent performance and clinical utility of the nomogram. Conclusions: Marital status was an independent factor influencing OS in CHS patients, with widowed patients having the worst prognosis. The OS of both married and single females is significantly higher than that of their male counterparts. However, these findings require further validation in a large independent cohort. While the contribution of marital status on predicting OS appears modest, our nomogram accurately predicted 5-year OS and identified high-risk groups, providing a valuable tool for clinical decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current century, urbanization and the development of the construction industry have led to the generation of construction and demolition waste (CDW), imposing pressure on ecology and the environment. This has attracted the attention of industry personnel and researchers. This work discusses the current research on recycled coarse or fine aggregate, mainly focusing on the physical, mechanical and durability properties of sustainable concrete with recycled coarse or fine aggregate. Furthermore, it also summarizes CDW recycling and classification in major countries, the production processes of recycled aggregate, and the physical properties. This review will provide a reference for the application of concrete with recycled coarse or fine aggregate. Moreover, this review notes that replacing natural aggregates with both coarse and fine recycled aggregates awaits further experimental exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to investigate the effects of feeding mulberry leaf flavonoids on the serum amino acid metabolism, serum biochemical indexes, and lactation performance of lactating buffalo. Twenty buffalo with similar lactating yield were randomly divided into two groups with ten replicates in per group and one buffalo per replicate. The control group was fed with basic diet, while the experimental group was fed with basic diet + 45 g/(head·d) mulberry leaves flavonoids. The experiment period was five weeks. The results showed that feeding mulberry leaves flavonoids significantly decreased serum low density lipoprotein (P<0.05), significantly increased the serum insulin content (P<0.05), significantly decreased the contents of methionine in serum (P<0.05), and significantly increased the milk yield, milk protein content, and milk fat content (P<0.05). The study indicates that the mulberry leaves flavonoids can improve the lactating performance of buffalo by regulating the metabolism of amino acids and lipids in serum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study comprehensively compared the effects of laparoscopic and open radical cystectomies on postoperative wound infections and complications in patients with bladder cancer. We conducted a systematic search for relevant studies in PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang databases, from database inception to October 2023. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the quality based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data analysis was performed using Stata 17.0 software. Overall, 16 studies involving 1427 patients with bladder cancer were included. The analysis revealed that, compared with open radical cystectomy, laparoscopic radical cystectomy significantly reduced the incidence of wound infections (odds ratio [OR] = 0.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.23–0.64, p < 0.001) and complications (OR = 0.35, 95%CI: 0.26–0.47, p < 0.001) and significantly shortened the hospital stay duration (standardised mean difference [SMD] = −1.85, 95%CI: −2.34 to −1.36, p < 0.001). Thus, this study determined that laparoscopic radical cystectomy for the treatment of bladder cancer effectively reduced the occurrence of wound infections and complications, and significantly shortened the patient's hospital stay, demonstrating notable therapeutic effectiveness worthy of clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of urbanization, more and more construction and demolition waste (CDW) is generated. To enhance the mechanical properties and durability of concrete through the incorporation of recycled aggregate, the water/cement ratio was controlled to optimize the properties of concrete. In this work, one reference concrete with a water/cement ratio of 0.5 was prepared. The demolition concrete waste from East China was used, and 50% and 100% of the natural aggregates of the reference concrete were substituted. Furthermore, the water/cement ratio of concrete with 50% and 100% CDW was reduced to 0.3, and the superplasticizer was used to justify the workability of fresh concrete. Finally, the workability of fresh concrete was determined. After curing for 28 days, the density, water absorption, and resistance to chloride penetration of concrete were realized. The compressive and flexural strength were examined at 14 and 28 days, and the electrical resistivity test was conducted at 7, 14, and 28 days. The results indicate that with increasing CDW content, the mechanical properties and durability of concrete decreased. However, when the water/cement ratio decreased to 0.3, the concrete properties were optimized, such as the compressive strength and resistance to chloride penetration of concrete with 50% CDW increased by 74.2% and 28%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]