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First-generation Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, ibrutinib, has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular toxicities. Zanubrutinib is a more selective, next-generation BTK inhibitor. In this analysis, incidence rates of atrial fibrillation, symptomatic (grade ≥2) ventricular arrhythmia, and hypertension were evaluated in a pooled analysis of 10 clinical studies with zanubrutinib monotherapy in patients (N = 1550) with B-cell malignancies and a pooled analysis of head-to-head studies comparing zanubrutinib with ibrutinib (ASPEN cohort 1; ALPINE). Among the 10 studies, most patients (median age, 67 years) were male (66.3%) and had CLL/SLL (60.5%). Overall incidence and exposure-adjusted incidence rates (EAIR) for atrial fibrillation, symptomatic ventricular arrhythmia, and hypertension were lower with zanubrutinib than ibrutinib. Despite a similar prevalence of preexisting cardiovascular events in ASPEN and ALPINE, atrial fibrillation/flutter incidence rates (6.1% vs 15.6%) and EAIR (0.2 vs 0.64 persons per 100 person-months; P < .0001) were lower with zanubrutinib than with ibrutinib. Symptomatic ventricular arrhythmia incidence was low for both zanubrutinib (0.7%) and ibrutinib (1.7%) with numerically lower EAIR (0.02 vs 0.06 persons per 100 person-months, respectively) for zanubrutinib. The hypertension EAIR was lower with zanubrutinib than ibrutinib in ASPEN but similar between treatment arms in ALPINE. The higher hypertension EAIR in ALPINE was inconsistent with other zanubrutinib studies. However, fewer discontinuations (1 vs 14) and deaths (0 vs 6) due to cardiac disorders occurred with zanubrutinib versus ibrutinib in ALPINE. These data support zanubrutinib as a treatment option with improved cardiovascular tolerability compared with ibrutinib for patients with B-cell malignancies in need of BTK inhibitors. These trials were registered at www.ClinicalTrials.gov as # NCT03053440, NCT03336333, NCT03734016, NCT04170283, NCT03206918, NCT03206970, NCT03332173, NCT03846427, NCT02343120, and NCT03189524.

The Vertical Scale Height (VSH) is a crucial parameter that describes the shape of the ionospheric electron density profile. Evidence suggests a complex relationship between VSH and the thermal structure and dynamics of the ionosphere. A statistical study was conducted on the VSH at low altitudes (175 km) and high altitudes (300 km) in the Martian ionosphere, using data from the MAVEN observations from 2014 to 2023. The results suggest that the influence of the crustal magnetic field on VSH175 is more pronounced than on VSH300. VSH175 shows a minor peak around −20° latitudes, which is more than 7% higher than the average value, and an increasing trend with latitude in the northern hemisphere. VSH300 is higher in the southern hemisphere than in the northern hemisphere, especially in summer, by approximately 42.1%. Regarding the local time variation of VSH, we observed an increasing trend from midnight to morning and a decreasing trend from dusk to midnight in almost all conditions. The local time variation of VSH also exhibits seasonal and latitudinal dependence. These variations have different levels of consistency with the gradient of the electron temperature (Te) and the collision frequency between charged particles and neutrals. Specifically, the correlation coefficient between VSH175 and the collision frequency between charged particles and neutrals reaches as high as 0.93 in the northern hemisphere winter and southern hemisphere summer. The correlation coefficient between VSH300 and the gradient of the Te reaches up to 0.72 in the southern hemisphere equinox. Plain Language Summary: The ionosphere is produced by photo‐ionization of the Martian upper atmosphere. The Vertical Scale Height (VSH) is a parameter that describes how quickly the electron density in the ionosphere changes with height. It is closely linked to the thermal structure and dynamics of the ionosphere. Our research focuses on how the crustal magnetic field affects the VSH on Mars and looks at variations with latitude and local time at low altitudes (175 km) and high altitudes (300 km) using MAVEN observations. We find that high VSH values at 175 km align with areas of strong crustal magnetic fields on Mars. There are significant latitudinal and daily variations in the VSH of the Martian ionosphere. Latitudinal variation is mainly manifested as hemispherical asymmetry, which may be related to Martian topography. The daily variations are influenced by the temperature gradient and the collision frequency between charged particles and neutrals. These effects also have dependences on altitude and season. Key Points: The crustal magnetic field of Mars has a significant effect on Vertical Scale Height (VSH) at low altitudesOur analysis revealed evident diurnal and latitudinal variations in the VSH of the Martian ionosphereThe thermal structure and dynamics contribute differently to local time variation of the VSH at different heights [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effects of Cr alloying on phase stability, magnetism, and electronic structures in both body‐centered cubic (bcc) and face‐centered cubic (fcc) phases and on the transformation from fcc to bcc are studied by first‐principles calculations. Results show that the doped Cr atoms in fcc and bcc phases choose distinct occupation models. This phenomenon can be understood from the amount of electron density of states close to Fermi energy. For magnetism, Cr tends to be antiferromagnetically coupled with the surrounding Fe in the studied phases. The magnetic moment of Fe is greater than that of Cr in bcc, but the order is reversed in fcc. The moment of Fe is dictated by the distance between it and the doped Cr in bcc, whereas it is dominated by spatial orientation with Cr in fcc. For phase stability, it is found that the alloying of Cr prefers destabilizing bcc while tends to stabilize fcc, leading to a strong inhibition of phase transition from fcc to bcc. Notably, the role in the fcc phase is more prominent than that in bcc, which can be associated with the antiferromagnetism between Fe and Cr in fcc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Soy 11S globulin has high thermal stability, limiting its application in the production of low‐temperature gel foods. In this study, the low‐frequency magnetic field (LF‐MF, 5 mT) treatment (time, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min) was used to improve the solubility, conformation, physicochemical properties, surface characteristics, and gel properties of soy 11S globulin. RESULTS: Compared with the native soy 11S globulin, the sulfhydryl content, emulsifying capacity, gel strength, water‐holding capacity, and absolute zeta potential values significantly increased (P < 0.05) after LF‐MF treatment. The LF‐MF treatment induced the unfolding of the protein structure and the fracture of disulfide bonds. The variations in solubility, foaming properties, viscosity, surface hydrophobicity, and rheological properties were closely related to the conformational changes of soy 11S globulin, with the optimum LF‐MF modification time being 90 min. CONCLUSION: LF‐MF treatment is an effective method to improve various functional properties of native soy 11S globulin, and this study provides a reference for the development of plant‐based proteins in the food industry. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land surface temperature (LST) serves as a crucial variable in characterizing climatological, agricultural, ecological, and hydrological processes. Thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing provides high temporal and spatial resolution for obtaining LST information. Nevertheless, TIR-based satellite-LST products frequently exhibit missing values due to cloud interference. Prior research on estimating all-weather instantaneous LST has predominantly concentrated on regional or continental scales. This study involved generating a global all-weather instantaneous and daily mean LST product spanning from 2000 to 2020 using XGBOOST. Multisource data, including Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) top-of-atmosphere (TOA) observations, surface radiation products, and reanalysis data, were employed. Validation using an independent dataset of 77 individual stations demonstrated the high accuracy of our products, yielding RMSEs of 2.787 K (instantaneous) and 2.175 K (daily). The RMSE for clear-sky conditions was 2.614 K for the instantaneous product, slightly lower than the cloudy-sky RMSE of 2.931 K. Our instantaneous and daily mean LST products exhibit higher accuracy compared to the MODIS official LST product (RMSE=3.583 K instantaneous, 3.105 K daily) and the land component of the 5th generation of European ReAnalysis (ERA5-Land) LST product (RMSE= 4.048 K instantaneous, 2.988 K daily). Significant improvements are observed in our LST product, notably at high latitudes, compared to the official MODIS LST product. The LST dataset from 2000 to 2020 at the monthly scale, the daily mean LST on the first day of 2010 can be freely downloaded from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4292068 (Li et al. 2024), and the complete product will be available at https://glass-product.bnu.edu.cn/dload.html. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The International Paralympic Committee has been promoting the development of evidence‐based classification to reduce the subjectivity in current decision‐making systems. The current study aimed to evaluate the validity of the impairment and performance tests for para‐alpine sit skiing classification, and whether cluster analysis of the measures would produce a valid classification structure. Thirty‐eight para‐alpine sit skiers with different disabilities completed seven tests. During these tests, isometric trunk strength, trunk muscle excitation, trunk range of movement (ROM), and simulated skiing performance (board tilt angle) were assessed. Correlations between the measures and the board tilt angle were calculated. To group athletes, K‐means cluster analysis was performed according to how much the impairment measures affected the board tilting. There were significant correlations between all measures and the maximal board tilt angle (r = 0.35–0.81, p < 0.05). The cluster analysis revealed that the introduction of ROM and muscle excitation was an effective supplement to strength measures in improving the classification accuracy (53%–79%). It produced four clusters with strong structures (mean silhouette coefficient = 0.81) and large and significant inter‐cluster differences in most measures and performance between clusters (p < 0.05). The cluster analysis produced classes comprising athletes with similar degrees of activity limitation. All tests reported can help establish a more transparent classification system for para‐alpine sit skiers. This study also provides a reference for evidence‐based classification systems in other Para sports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the deformation characteristics of SiO2–MnO–(CaO–Al2O3)‐type inclusions in silicon manganese deoxidized steel from continuous casting to rolling. The results reveal that the inclusions contain 60–80% SiO2, 10–35% MnO, and a combined CaO and Al2O3 content of <20%. SiO2 precipitates inside the inclusions during the continuous casting and rolling processes, which results in the formation of pure SiO2/SiO2–MnO–(CaO–Al2O3) dual‐phase inclusions in the remaining components owing to the increase in the MnO content to 15–40%. According to the experimental results of melting rate measurement and thermodynamic calculation using FactSage8.1, the SiO2–MnO–(CaO–Al2O3) phase has a high proportion of liquid components at 1100–1360 °C and exhibits good deformation properties during the breaking down and rolling processes. When the total content of CaO, Al2O3, and MgO in the SiO2–CaO–Al2O3–MgO–MnO inclusions reaches 30–50%, SiO2 precipitation is inhibited during the continuous casting to rolling process. Through the addition of metal manganese and carbon powder during the pre‐deoxidation process, followed by alloying with ferrosilicon and metal manganese, and then the addition of acidic synthetic slag for slag formation, the proportion of SiO2/SiO2–MnO–(CaO–Al2O3) dual‐phase inclusions in the casting billet is increased from 12% to >60%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study assessed the relationship between daily life changes and mental health in Korean adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data from middle and high school students who responded to the relevant survey items the 2021 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey were analyzed (n = 53,868). The survey assessed changes in economic status, physical activity, skipping breakfast, drinking, smoking, and mental health, including stress, depression, generalized anxiety disorder, and suicidal ideation, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The overall prevalence of perceived stress, depression, generalized anxiety disorder, and suicidal ideation was 38.6%, 26.4%, 12.2%, and 12.4%. Adolescents whose economic status worsened due to COVID-19 had a higher risk of perceived stress, depression, generalized anxiety disorder, and suicidal ideation. Changes in physical activity and breakfast consumption due to the COVID-19 pandemic were significantly associated with increases in perceived stress, depression, generalized anxiety disorder, and suicidal ideation. Adolescents who increased their alcohol consumption had the highest risk of perceived stress, depression, generalized anxiety disorder, and suicidal ideation. Changes in economic status and health behaviors caused by the COVID-19 pandemic had a negative effect on the mental health of Korean adolescents. These results can be used to identify adolescents at high risk of developing mental health problems., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Background/objectives: Given that adolescents watch Mukbang (eating broadcast) more frequently than other age groups, interest in the potential health effects of watching Mukbang and Cookbang (cooking broadcast) is growing. This study aimed to determine the status of watching Mukbang and Cookbang among Korean adolescents and its relationship with their dietary behaviors., Subjects/methods: We used data from the 18th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey, conducted in 2022 (n = 51,850). The study included the frequency of watching Mukbang and Cookbang and the self-rated impact of watching them. Dietary behaviors included consumption of the following items: fruits (≥ once a day), vegetables (≥ 3 times a day), fast foods (≥ 3 times a week), late-night snacks (≥ 3 times a week), caffeinated drinks (≥ 3 times a week), and sweet-flavored drinks (≥ 3 times a week). Furthermore, obesity, weight loss attempts during the past 30 days, body image distortion, and inappropriate methods to control weight were also included., Results: Among adolescents, 70.6% watched Mukbang and Cookbang, and 13.2% watched them more than 5 times a week. Approximately 27.6% of the adolescents responded that they were influenced by watching Mukbang and Cookbang. Adolescents who frequently watched Mukbang and Cookbang consumed less vegetable and fruit; however, the likelihood of consuming fast food, late-night snacks, sugary drinks, and caffeinated drinks increased. In addition, they were more likely to attempt inappropriate weight-loss methods and become obese. Adolescents who responded that their eating habits were influenced by watching Mukbang and Cookbang were more likely to have unhealthy eating behavior compared to the group who responded that their habits were not influenced by these shows., Conclusion: Watching Mukbang and Cookbang is common among Korean adolescents and is associated with unhealthy dietary behaviors. Prospective studies, including broadcasting content, should evaluate the impact of Mukbang and Cookbang on health., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no potential conflicts of interests., (©2024 The Korean Nutrition Society and the Korean Society of Community Nutrition.)