Search

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a hematopoietic disorder that mainly affects the child population, and it is characterized by the presence of lymphoid progenitor or precursor cells with different genetic alterations. The origin of this disease is controversial, since some authors assumed that leukemic transformation occurs in a lymphoid progenitor, and there is also evidence that suggests the existence of leukemic initiating cells (LIC). PTL, DMAPT, and PU-H71 are agents that have been shown to eliminate bulk and stem cells from myeloid leukemias, but this effect has not been analyzed in lymphoblastic leukemias. In this study, we evaluated the effect of these compounds in different populations from pediatric B-ALL. For this, bone marrow samples from pediatric patients without treatment were obtained and cultured in the presence or absence of PTL, DMAPT, and PU-H71. The viability and apoptosis index were analyzed by flow cytometry in different hematopoietic subpopulations. These observations indicate that PTL and DMAPT are able to reduce B-ALL cells with a minimum effect in normal hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. In contrast, PU-H71 was able to reduce the leukemic population and had a minimal effect in normal cells. These results present evidence that PTL and DMAPT are able to abrogate in vitro different populations of B-ALL and could represent a possibility of treatment, as well as prevent disease progression or relapse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) can suppress the inflammatory response in adults, but its role in pregnant women and newborns is poorly studied. While the adult immune system is considered mature, it is immature in neonates and suppressed in pregnancy. Since the immune response differs in these 3 groups, the use of IVIG could differentially modulate the immune response. Objectives. We aimed to explore the effect of IVIG on myeloid blood cells from non-pregnant women, pregnant women and newborns. Materials and methods. Whole blood from healthy donors was incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and/or IVIG. After 0 h, 24 h and 48 h of culture, Fc-gamma receptor (CD16, CD32 and CD64) expression, monocyte and neutrophil bacterial phagocytosis, and cytokine and chemokine concentrations were determined in the supernatant. Results. The baseline expression of monocyte CD16 was higher in newborns than in adult women, but the expression of CD32 and CD64 was similar between groups. Furthermore, LPS and IVIG stimulation, together or separately, did not change Fc-gamma receptor expression in monocytes or neutrophils and did not modify their phagocytosis capacity. On the other hand, IVIG did not downregulate the proinflammatory cytokine response induced by LPS in any group. Interestingly, IVIG induced a strong interleukin 8 (IL-8) response in neonates but not in non-pregnant or pregnant women. Conclusions. Our results show that IVIG did not induce changes in Fc-gamma receptor expression, phagocytic ability, or the cytokine response to LPS in blood cells from neonates, non-pregnant or pregnant women. However, IVIG induced a strong IL-8 response in neonates that could improve immunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last 20 years, the incidence of vertical HIV transmission has decreased from 25%–42% to less than 1%. Although there are no signs of infection, the health of HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) infants is notoriously affected during the first months of life, with opportunistic infections being the most common disease. Some studies have reported effects on the vertical transfer of antibodies, but little is known about the subclass distribution of these antibodies. We proposed to evaluate the total IgG concentration and its subclasses in HIV+ mothers and HEU pairs and to determine which maternal factors condition their levels. In this study, plasma from 69 HEU newborns, their mothers, and 71 control pairs was quantified via immunoassays for each IgG isotype. Furthermore, we followed the antibody profile of HEUs throughout the first year of life. We showed that mothers present an antibody profile characterized by high concentrations of IgG1 and IgG3 but reduced IgG2, and HEU infants are born with an IgG subclass profile similar to that of their maternal pair. Interestingly, this passively transferred profile could remain influenced even during their own antibody production in HEU infants, depending on maternal conditions such as CD4+ T-cell counts and maternal antiretroviral treatment. Our findings indicate that HEU infants exhibit an altered IgG subclass profile influenced by maternal factors, potentially contributing to their increased susceptibility to infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adherence to antiretroviral therapy is essential during pregnancy to avoid vertical HIV transmission. However, pregnancy and postpartum could influence perceptions of quality of life among women living with HIV/AIDS, modifying their adherence to therapy. Here, we estimate the association of quality of life with sociodemographic, clinical and related sexuality variables of HIV-infected women on antiretroviral treatment during postpartum. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care institution in Mexico City from April 2020 to September 2022, to evaluate the quality of life of 75 HIV-infected women who received antiretroviral therapy during postpartum with the WHOQOL-VIH-BREF instrument. Sociodemographic, clinical, and sexual variables were obtained from their clinical records. The total quality of life score was intermediate (15). The physical health and independence domains received the highest scores (16). The domains of psychological health, environment and personal beliefs obtained the lowest scores (14). There was a significant correlation between four out of six domains with the CD4+ account. Other variables also obtained a significant correlation with at least one of the domain scores. Despite poverty, stigma, and discrimination, this group of HIV-infected women obtained an intermediate total quality of life. An acceptable CD4+ count is associated with a good quality of life and could be a relevant marker for antiretroviral adherence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]