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Objectives. The annual prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is increasing, and the lack of effective treatments imposes a substantial burden on both patients and society. The formation of nasal polyps in patients with CRS is closely related to tissue remodeling, which is largely driven by the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). MicroRNA (miRNA) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases through the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network; however, the specific mechanism of the miRNAs involved in the formation of nasal polyps remains unclear. Methods. The expression of EMT markers and Smad3 were detected using western blots, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining. Differentially expressed genes in nasal polyps and normal tissues were screened through the Gene Expression Omnibus database. To predict the target genes of miR-145-5p, three different miRNA target prediction databases were used. The migratory ability of cells was evaluated using cell migration assay and wound healing assays. Results. miR-145-5p was associated with the EMT process and was significantly downregulated in nasal polyp tissues. In vitro experiments revealed that the downregulation of miR-145-5p promoted EMT. Conversely, increasing miR-145-5p levels reversed the EMT induced by transforming growth factor-β1. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that miR-145-5p targets Smad3. Subsequent experiments confirmed that miR-145-5p inhibits Smad3 expression. Conclusion. Overall, miR-145-5p is a promising target to inhibit nasal polyp formation, and the findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for nanoparticle-mediated miR-145-5p delivery for the treatment of nasal polyps.

Establishing a suitable and useful soil quality index (SQI) is the key to accurately evaluating changes in soil quality (SQ) under different land use types. In the present study, a suitable and useful SQI using a minimum data set (MDS) with two scoring methods (linear scoring method and nonlinear scoring method) and two additive models (simple additive model with same weighting value and weighted additive model with significant different weighting value) was established to compare SQ under different land uses in Longtan valley. Soil samples were collected under one dryland (DRYL), one paddy (PADD), one orchard (GRA), and one natural forest (FORE), and 13 soil properties were measured. The four land use types had the same soil type and similar environmental conditions. Land use types had significant effects on the measured 12 soil properties. The top two principal components in Principal Component Analysis were chosen, and their cumulative variance was more than 90%. Soil indicators of soil labile carbon, C/N ratio, and microaggregates were chosen as members of MDS in this study. Significant (p < 0.001) positive correlations among the four establishing SQIs were found. The values of the sensitive index ranged from 47.17% to 82.12% for the four SQIs, and the SQI established using the nonlinear scoring method and weighted additive model (SQI-NLW) had the highest values. Among the four land use types, the four SQIs had similar change trends, and the average values of SQ under FORE (0.73) and PADD (0.68) were significantly higher than those under GRA (0.54) and DRYL (0.43). These results indicated that the SQI-NLW was an effective and precise tool to assess SQ under different land uses in similar regions, and the FORE and PADD were the suitable land use types for the sustainable use of soils in karst regions.