8 results on '"Mark Chaffin"'
Search Results
2. College student alcohol use and confidence to intervene in interpersonal violence: Differences by gender and sexual orientation.
- Author
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Leone RM, Oesterle D, Yepuri H, Kaysen DL, Orchowski L, Davis KC, and Gilmore AK
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- Humans, Male, Female, Universities statistics & numerical data, Adult, Young Adult, Adolescent, Surveys and Questionnaires, Alcohol Drinking psychology, Alcohol Drinking epidemiology, Self Efficacy, Sex Factors, Alcohol Drinking in College psychology, Violence statistics & numerical data, Violence psychology, Violence prevention & control, Heterosexuality statistics & numerical data, Heterosexuality psychology, Students psychology, Students statistics & numerical data, Sexual Behavior psychology, Sexual Behavior statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Objectives: The current study examined the association between alcohol use frequency (ie, days a week one consumes alcohol), sexual and gender identity, and bystander confidence to intervene in interpersonal violence (ie, bystander self-efficacy). Participants: Participants were 750 undergraduate students aged 18-25 (260 heterosexual men, 260 heterosexual women, 59 SM men [54 cisgender, 5 transgender men], and 171 SM women [169 cisgender, 2 transgender women]). Methods: Participants completed an online survey about alcohol and sexual behaviors. Results: Results indicated that (1) alcohol use frequency was positively associated with greater bystander self-efficacy, (2) heterosexual men, compared to heterosexual women, reported lower bystander self-efficacy, and (3) the association between alcohol use frequency and bystander self-efficacy was significant and positive among heterosexual, but not SM, women. Conclusions: Prevention efforts may benefit from targeting individuals who drink more frequently and ensuring that they have the skills to effectively intervene.
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- 2024
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3. Mixed method examination of alcohol and suicidality among actively suicidal adults who engage in heavy episodic drinking.
- Author
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Gilmore AK, Moore CJ, Nielsen KE, Prince JR, Fortson K, Nicole Mullican K, Hutchins A, Ellis J, Leone RM, and Ward-Ciesielski E
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- Adult, Humans, United States epidemiology, Suicide, Attempted psychology, Risk Factors, Logistic Models, Alcohol Drinking epidemiology, Alcohol Drinking psychology, Suicidal Ideation, Suicide
- Abstract
Suicide is a serious public health problem in the United States. Alcohol use has been substantially documented as a risk factors for suicide, yet it is unclear how alcohol is associated with suicidal ideation (SI) and behavior (SIB) at the event level. We examined the association between alcohol use and SI using a mixed methods approach that included daily assessments from 13 adults who engage in heavy episodic drinking with current SI and qualitative interviews among 12 of those adults. Participants were recruited on social media. Separate mixed effects logistic regression models indicated that individuals' alcohol use on a given day was associated with SI (OR = 1.37), and suicidal urges (OR = 1.41). Adjusting for repeated measures, the expected marginal mean for intensity of SI (EMM = 3.33) and urges (EMM = 2.94) were higher on days with reported drinking behavior than days without reported drinking (EMM = 2.68 and EMM = 2.62 respectively). Qualitative data indicated that the association between alcohol use and SIB is more complex than a single directionality. Instead, the association can be unidirectional, bidirectional, and/or dependent on factors including mental health and amount of alcohol consumed. Overall, these findings emphasize a need for integrated alcohol and SIB interventions while providing insight on possible daily, just-in-time adaptations., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Firearm screening and secure storage counseling among home visiting providers: a cross-sectional study of SafeCare ® providers in the U.S.
- Author
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Osborne MC, Guastaferro K, Banks S, Vedantam H, and Self-Brown S
- Subjects
- Humans, Child, Safety, Cross-Sectional Studies, Counseling, Firearms, Wounds, Gunshot prevention & control
- Abstract
Background: Firearms used in pediatric firearm deaths are most often obtained from the child's home, making secure firearm storage initiatives imperative in prevention efforts. Evidence-based home visiting (EBHV) programs are implemented with over 277,000 families annually, providing an opportunity for secure firearm storage counseling. The purpose of this study was to assess EBHV providers' experiences with firearm screening ("assessment"), secure storage counseling, and their perceptions for related training needs., Methods: Providers in the U.S. from SafeCare®, an EBHV program often implemented with families experiencing increased risk of child neglect and physical or emotional abuse, were invited to participate in a survey to examine firearm assessment and attitudes toward and experiences with firearm safety counseling. Survey items were primarily Likert scale ratings to indicate level of agreement, with some open-ended follow-up questions. Descriptive statistics (i.e., frequencies and percentages) were used to report item-level agreement. A post hoc analysis was conducted using Spearman correlation to examine the association between assessment and counseling and provider-level factors., Results: Sixty-three SafeCare providers consented to and completed the survey items. Almost three-quarters (74.6%) agreed/strongly agreed that they assess in-home firearm availability. However, 66.7% agreed/strongly agreed that they have not been adequately trained to discuss firearm safety topics. A substantial proportion (80.6%) indicated they would counsel more if materials and training on this topic were available. Response variability emerged by level of urbanicity. A post hoc analysis found that providers' self-reported frequency of assessment and counseling were associated with their comfort level discussing firearm safety and whether or not they had worked with families impacted by firearm injury., Conclusion: SafeCare providers report a need for materials and training on secure firearm storage, and a willingness to provide more counseling with proper training to the families they serve. Findings illuminate the need for secure storage initiatives for EBHV programs, which have broad service reach to a substantial number of at-risk U.S. families annually., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Osborne, Guastaferro, Banks, Vedantam and Self-Brown.)
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- 2024
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5. Examining the role of alcohol and cannabis use patterns in bystander opportunity and behavior for sexual and relationship aggression.
- Author
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Leone RM, Haikalis M, Marcantonio TL, García-Ramírez G, Mullican KN, Orchowski LM, Davis KC, Kaysen DL, and Gilmore AK
- Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between alcohol and cannabis use patterns and bystander intervention for sexual and relationship violence risk among college students who have used cannabis in the past year. The study tested two hypotheses: (1) reports of bystander opportunities will differ based on participants' alcohol and cannabis use patterns, and (2) among those who report bystander opportunities, reports of bystander behaviors will differ based on their alcohol and cannabis use patterns., Method: Participants were 870 students recruited from two large, minority-serving universities in the United States who reported past year cannabis use. Participants reported about their typical alcohol and cannabis use patterns and bystander opportunities and behaviors. Students were grouped for analysis based on their reported average substance use into four groups: alcohol and cannabis use on the same day, alcohol use only, cannabis use only, or no use., Results: Students who reported alcohol and cannabis use on the same day, compared with those who reported alcohol use only, reported more bystander opportunities and behaviors in situations at risk for sexual and relationship violence. Compared with alcohol use only, students who reported only using cannabis or no use reported fewer bystander opportunities and behavior related to keeping others safe in party settings., Conclusions: Alcohol and cannabis use patterns are associated with bystander intervention, emphasizing the need to include knowledge about cannabis and co-use in bystander programming that aims to reduce sexual and relationship violence.
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- 2024
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6. Emotion Regulation Difficulties Moderate the Association Between Typical Drinking and Sexual Assault Victimization Among Sexual and Gender Minority University Students.
- Author
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Kirwan M, Leone RM, Davis KC, Orchowski LM, and Gilmore AK
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- Humans, Universities, Sexual Behavior psychology, Students psychology, Emotional Regulation, Sex Offenses psychology, Crime Victims psychology, Sexual and Gender Minorities
- Abstract
Sexual and gender minority (SGM) students report higher alcohol consumption, emotion regulation difficulties, and sexual assault victimization severity than cisgender, heterosexual individuals. A sample of 754 undergraduate students completed an online survey assessing alcohol use, emotion regulation, and sexual victimization. Regression analyses indicated that, among SGM students with higher emotion regulation difficulties, typical weekly drinking was positively associated with sexual assault victimization severity, but among cisgender, heterosexual students and SGM students with lower emotion regulation difficulties, there was no association between drinking and victimization severity. Thus, SGM students benefit from interventions targeting alcohol use and emotion regulation difficulties., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
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- 2024
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7. Editorial: Technology innovations for violence prevention, mental wellness and resilience among youth.
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Wekerle C, Gilmore AK, and Self-Brown S
- Abstract
Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. The association between alcohol use and sexual assault victimization among college students differs by gender identity and race.
- Author
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Gilmore AK, García-Ramírez G, Fortson K, Salamanca NK, Nicole Mullican K, Metzger IW, Leone RM, Kaysen DL, Orchowski LM, and Cue Davis K
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Male, United States, Adolescent, Young Adult, Adult, Gender Identity, Sexual Behavior, Students, Ethanol, Sex Offenses, Crime Victims
- Abstract
Purpose: Alcohol use and sexual assault (SA) are common on college campuses. The purpose of this study is to examine if the association between alcohol use and SA differs by gender identity, sexual orientation, race, or ethnicity., Methods: A total of 3,243 college students aged 18-25 at two large, minority-serving, public universities in the southwest and southeast United States completed an online survey about alcohol and sexual behaviors. Two negative binomial regressions were conducted to examine main effects and interaction effects., Results: Almost half of the sample reported a SA victimization history. The main effects negative binomial regression indicated that more drinks per week, older age, identifying as a cisgender woman (vs. cisgender man), identifying as a gender minority (vs. cisgender man), and identifying as a sexual minority (vs. heterosexual) were associated with more severe SA victimization. Participants who identified as Latine (vs. non-Latine White) reported less severe SA. The negative binomial regression assessing interactions indicated that the association between alcohol use and SA severity was stronger among cisgender women and gender minority identities than cisgender men, and Black identities than non-Latine White identities., Conclusion: Findings suggests that alcohol use is an important factor for SA severity among all students, but that the association is stronger among some with marginalized identities. Given that perpetrators target people who hold some marginalized identities, prevention programming could address cisnormative, heteronormative, and White normative ideas about alcohol and sex to attain social justice and health equity., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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