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In the present investigation, the sol–gel technique was utilized to synthesize pure and Fe3+ doped cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles. The synthesized nanomaterials underwent extensive analytical and spectroscopic characterization process to ascertain their physicochemical properties. The analysis of powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns revealed that the incorporation of 0.5 M Fe resulted in a decrease of crystallite dimensions to 11 nm, in contrast to the 44 nm observed in the undoped CeO2. Moreover, the introduction of Fe impurities was found to narrow the energy bandgap, evidenced by a decrease from 3.00 eV in pure CeO2 to 2.20 eV in CeO2 doped with 1.5 M Fe, thereby enhancing the material’s optical absorption into the visible light range. An examination of electron density distribution provided insights into the bonding characteristics of the materials post-synthesis. The photocatalytic efficiency of the Fe-doped CeO2 nanoparticles was evaluated through degradation of methyl orange (MO), under the influence of visible light irradiation. Remarkably, the Fe-doped CeO2 nanoparticles exhibited a significant photocatalytic activity, culminating degradation efficiency of 88% of MO within a span of 60 min. This pronounced photocatalytic efficiency underscores the potential application of Fe-doped CeO2 nanoparticles in the domain of environmental cleanup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we have fabricated a novel electrochemical biosensor based on TiO2/PS. Heterostructure by sol–gel assisted with spin-casting technique. XRD profile showed the tetragonal phase of TiO2 thin films. SEM images observed the nanoporous-like surface morphology. The film has 78 nm of grain size calculated from AFM analysis. The PL spectrum recorded a strong emission peak at 485 nm, 530 nm, and 545 nm due to blue and green emission. The enhancement of the electrochemical reaction was analysed by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The fabricated electrode has shown the sensitive and stable detection of carbohydrates. The more consistent results showed that TiO2/PS electrode is a promising material for the carbohydrates biosensor. Most importantly, the TiO2/PS electrode achieved a correlation between the coefficient (R2) and sensitivity 0.99 and 26 μA mM−1 cm−2 of glucose. Similarly, 0.98 & 16 μA mM−1 cm−2 for sucrose and 0.96 & 11 μA mM−1 cm−2 for starch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]