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This article discusses a case of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in the central nervous system (CNS) after allogeneic transplantation. GVHD in the CNS is a rare manifestation of chronic GVHD and its diagnosis is still controversial. The article presents a case study of a patient who developed CNS-GVHD after a stem cell transplant. The diagnosis was confirmed through microsatellite analysis using laser capture microdissection (LCM), which showed donor-derived CD8-predominant T-cell infiltration in the brain lesions. The patient was treated with glucocorticoids, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and ibrutinib, which resulted in improvement of symptoms and resolution of brain lesions. Further research is needed to validate this diagnostic method and explore optimal treatment strategies for CNS-GVHD. [Extracted from the article]

Early diagnosis and prompt initiation of appropriate treatment are critical for improving the prognosis of acute leukemia. Acute leukemia is diagnosed by microscopic morphological examination of bone marrow smears and flow cytometric immunophenotyping of bone marrow cells stained with fluorophore-conjugated antibodies. However, these diagnostic processes require trained professionals and are time and resource-intensive. Here, we present a novel diagnostic approach using ghost cytometry, a recently developed high-content flow cytometric approach, which enables machine vision-based, stain-free, high-speed analysis of cells, leveraging their detailed morphological information. We demonstrate that ghost cytometry can detect leukemic cells from the bone marrow cells of patients diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia without relying on biological staining. The approach presented here holds promise as a precise, simple, swift, and cost-effective diagnostic method for acute leukemia in clinical practice., (© 2023 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.)