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Epidemics of Filovirus Hemorrhagic Fevers demonstrate an increase in incidence, a reduction in the intervals between outbreaks, the emergence of a risk of infection spreading to non-endemic regions in recent years. Filovirus infections are associated with high mortality due to the complexity of pathogenesis, the variety of spread routes, and severe and often irreversible clinical manifestations. The review contains information reflecting modern ideas about the taxonomy and structure of the genome of filoviruses, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, methods of treatment and immunoprophylaxis of hemorrhagic fevers. According to the latest revision of family Filoviridae taxonomy by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), the family includes eight genuses, 15 species and 16 viruses. The genome is represented by a negative RNA strand that includes seven genes encoding seven structural proteins. The area of infections includes Africa, South and Central Europe, Southeast Asia, China. The natural reservoir of filoviruses is the fruit-bats mammals. The infectious process is based on the aberrant production of proinflammatory cytokines. There are three periods of the disease: prodromal, generalization and terminal. The main method for diagnosing filovirus infections is recognized as a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in real time. Etiotropic therapy is based on the use of monoclonal antibodies against viral glycoprotein. The World Health Organization has approved two vaccines against Filovirus Infections for use. Several vaccines approved for use have been developed and registered on the territory of the Russian Federation and China.

Novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is a highly contagious respiratory disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. COVID-19 is known to affect both the respiratory, digestive, excretory, and nervous systems. The incidence of chronic effects of the novel coronavirus infection is now on the rise. This paper is aimed to review the epidemiology, pathogenesis and components of post-COVID asthenia. Material and methods. Sixty-three references published between 2005 and 2023 and indexed in the PubMed, CyberLeninka, Russian Citation Index, Semantic Scholar, and Google Scholar databases were included in this review. Results. The study revealed the most common symptoms of post-COVID asthenia are fatigue, muscle weakness, shortness of breath, sleep disturbances, anxiety or depression, impaired memory and cognitive functions (“foggy brain”), hyposmia, and reduced work performance. One of the specific symptom complexes for post-COVID is asthenovegetative syndrome, the incidence of which according to the meta-analysis ranged from 13.1 to 72.8 %, with a cumulative percentage of 45 ± 0.05 % (95 % confidence interval 0.31–0.54). Conclusions. Nowadays, post-COVID asthenia is becoming extremely severe. It is necessary to review in detail the available data on the epidemiology and components of post-COVID asthenia in order to develop an adequate strategy for post-COVID management.

Abstract Animal translocations provide striking examples of the human footprint on biodiversity. Combining continental-wide genomic and DNA-barcoding analyses, we reconstructed the historical biogeography of the Asian black-spined toad (Duttaphrynus melanostictus), a toxic commensal amphibian that currently threatens two biodiversity hotspots through biological invasions (Wallacea and Madagascar). The results emphasize a complex diversification shaped by speciation and mitochondrial introgression that comprises two distinct species. One species (true D. melanostictus) is distributed in the Indian subcontinent and is invasive in Wallacea. The other species, whose nomenclature remains unsettled, diverged from D. melanostictus in the Miocene era (~7 Mya) and diversified across Southeast Asia, from where it was introduced to Madagascar. Remarkably, the Indonesian population of D. melanostictus was recently established from India, which suggests historical, possibly human-assisted dispersal across the Bay of Bengal, reflecting the centuries-old connection between these regions.

IntroductionChronic inflammation is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Currently, the inflammatory cardiovascular risk is assessed via C-reactive protein (CRP) levels measured using a high-sensitivity assay (hsCRP). Monomeric CRP (mCRP) is a locally produced form of CRP that has emerged as a potential biomarker of inflammation.AimThis study investigated whether mCRP levels are associated with premature CAD.Materials and methodsThis study comprised 103 participants of both sexes, including 50 patients 56 ± 7 years old with premature CAD and 53 patients 51 ± 10 years old without CAD. CAD was verified using coronary angiography, hsCRP levels were measured using a standard assay, and mCRP levels were measured using fluorescent cytometric beads conjugated with an anti-mCRP antibody.ResultsThe levels of hsCRP were 0.99 (0.59; 3.10) mg/L vs. 0.63 (0.35; 1.85) mg/L (p = 0.067), and mCRP 6.84 (4.20; 13.78) µg/L vs. 2.57 (0.32; 5.66) µg/L (p

We use the topological quantum field theory description of states in Chern-Simons theory to discuss the relation between spacetime connectivity and entanglement, exploring the paradigm entanglement=topology. We define a special class of states in Chern-Simons with properties similar to those of holographic states. While the holographic states are dual to classical geometries, these connectome states represent classical topologies, which satisfy a discrete analog of the Ryu-Takayanagi formula and characteristic inequalities for the entanglement entropy. Generic states are linear combinations of connectomes, and the theory also has nonperturbative states which are global spacetime defects formed by a large number of quantum fluctuations. Topological presentation of quantum states and emergence of topology from entanglement may be useful for building a generalization to geometry, that is quantum gravity. Thinking of further quantum gravity comparisons we discuss replica wormholes and conclude that similar objects exist beyond gravitational theories. The topological theory perspective suggests that the sum over all wormholes is always factorizable, even though the individual ones might not be.

Animal translocations provide striking examples of the human footprint on biodiversity. Combining continental-wide genomic and DNA-barcoding analyses, we reconstructed the historical biogeography of the Asian black-spined toad (Duttaphrynus melanostictus), a toxic commensal amphibian that currently threatens two biodiversity hotspots through biological invasions (Wallacea and Madagascar). The results emphasize a complex diversification shaped by speciation and mitochondrial introgression that comprises two distinct species. One species (true D. melanostictus) is distributed in the Indian subcontinent and is invasive in Wallacea. The other species, whose nomenclature remains unsettled, diverged from D. melanostictus in the Miocene era (~7 Mya) and diversified across Southeast Asia, from where it was introduced to Madagascar. Remarkably, the Indonesian population of D. melanostictus was recently established from India, which suggests historical, possibly human-assisted dispersal across the Bay of Bengal, reflecting the centuries-old connection between these regions. The Asian black-spined toad is a widespread, poisonous, invasive amphibian. Here, the authors use genomic and DNA-barcoding data from this toad to document its complex evolutionary history, two distinct species, and potential historic dispersal assisted by humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To investigate the relationships between parental resilience, illness perception and pain catastrophizing as factors affecting caregiver burden among parents of children with cancer, based on the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping. Background: Parents, as the primary caregivers of children with cancer, often face universal challenges. These include adverse health impacts, work, financial disruptions, strained social and family relationships, and the need for specialised support and intervention. Design: A cross‐sectional design using path analysis. Methods: The STROBE guidelines for cross‐sectional studies were followed. An online questionnaire was distributed through Facebook pages operated by various organisations that support parents of children with cancer, such as 'The Israel Cancer Association', 'Giving Hope' and 'Hayim Association' from October 2021 to February 2022. The participants completed a questionnaire about demographic and child‐related characteristics, resilience, illness perception, pain catastrophizing, social support and caregiver burden. Associations between the variables were explored using Pearson's correlations and path analyses. Results: The study included 67 parents of children with cancer with an average age of 41.79 (SD = 6.31). The majority were mothers (n = 54, 80.6%) with a steady partner (n = 62, 92.5%). The level of caregiver burden was M (SD) = 25.00 (7.15) out of 48 possible, indicating a high burden level. Illness perception was directly positively associated with caregiver burden (β =.280, p =.017) and pain catastrophizing (β =.340, p <.01), and directly negatively with resilience (β = −.318, p <.01). Illness perception and pain catastrophizing serially mediated the relationship between resilience and caregiver burden among parents of children with cancer (β = −.190, p =.001). Conclusions: This study found that both illness perception and pain catastrophizing serially mediated the relationship between personal resilience and caregiver burden. Relevance to clinical practice: To ease caregiver burden for parents of children with cancer, programmes should address their psychological and emotional needs, including managing perceptions of illness and coping with pain‐related distress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]