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Background: Accumulation of bilirubin above normal levels is considered a neurological risk factor for both premature and full‐term newborns. This systematic review aimed to determine the effect of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia on neurodevelopment in preterm and full‐term newborns. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus and Lilacs databases were searched for articles published until 1 June 2022. The quality of cohort and case–control studies was assessed with the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale, and the MINCir scale was used to evaluate the methodological quality of therapy studies or the therapeutic procedures. Premature neonates without neurological conditions and those born at term with hyperbilirubinemia as the sole risk factor were included. Studies reporting one or more neurodevelopmental outcomes were included with an inter‐group comparison of a hyperbilirubinemia group versus a non‐hyperbilirubinemia or non‐pathological hyperbilirubinemia group. The main outcomes were auditory function, visual function, cognitive function, motor function, behavior, global development and neurological risk. Results: The search identified 951 studies, 19 of which (n = 2210 newborns) were finally included. Fifteen of the cohort and case–control studies presented low risk of bias, and six studies showed high methodological quality. Within the preterm population, hyperbilirubinemia as the sole risk factor was not shown to affect neurodevelopment. Auditory, neurological and motor development alterations were found in the population of full‐term newborns with hyperbilirubinemia, which were more evident during the first year of life. Conclusions: Elevated bilirubin levels may be a trigger for the onset of neurodevelopmental disorders in full‐term infants during the first year of life. More studies are warranted in the preterm population with hyperbilirubinemia to draw conclusions about its impact on their neurodevelopment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To review the literature on the effects of vestibular training on motor function and balance in children and youth with cerebral palsy., Methods: Eight databases (MEDLINE-PubMed, PEDro, Cochrane Library, OTSeeker, Web of Science, Scopus Database, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus.) were searched up to May 15th, 2023. Studies comparing vestibular training with other types of interventions. The DerSimonian and Laird method was employed using random effects models to calculate the pooled estimate of the effect size with confidence intervals of 95%. The risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration's tool and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach was used to judge the certainty of the evidence for all outcomes., Results: Eight studies were included comprising 226 participants with cerebral palsy. The meta-analyses demonstrated significant standardized mean differences in favor of vestibular training program compared to other technique(s) for Gross Motor Function Measure (-0.471; 95% confidence intervals: -0.919 to -0.023) and balance (-0.546; 95% confidence intervals: -0.916 to -0.176)., Conclusions: Vestibular training has potential benefits in the short-term as a therapeutic approach for improving gross motor function and the balance in children and youth with cerebral palsy, but further research is needed.