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3 results on '"Mermithidae"'

1. Density-Dependent Mortality of the Diving Beetle, Rhantus elevatus (Dytiscidae: Coleoptera) Preyed Upon Culex pipiens Larvae: Effects of Prey and Predator Densities.

Author

Rashed AA, Aly ES, Mashlawi AM, and Bayoumy MH

Subjects
Animals, Pest Control, Biological methods, Culex physiology, Coleoptera physiology, Predatory Behavior physiology, Larva physiology, Larva growth & development, Population Density
Abstract

Diving beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) are general predators that feed primarily on mosquito larvae and can control their populations, but the evidence for such an assumption remains weak. Rhantus elevatus is an important predator of this group distributed in Egypt with both larval and adult stages preying on immature mosquito. For determine predator effectiveness, it is requisite to identify the functional response (a = rate of attack and T h  = time of handling) and searching efficacy (a t  = area of discovery and m = mutual interference) as both correlate with biocontrol efficacy. This study assessed the density-dependent mortality of Culex pipiens larvae by eliciting functional responses of third-instar and adult predators at prey density ranging from 100 to 500 larvae per arena. By contrast, a searching efficacy for the same predator stages was examined at densities ranging from one to five predators per 500 prey. Predation rates of third-instar and adult of R. elevatus were fitted by a model of Type II response with coefficients were: third-instar (a = 0.208 h -1 and T h  = 2413 h) and adult (a = 0.1191 h -1 and T h  = 3723 h). The maximum number of mosquitoes which can be devoured by an individual larva and adult of R. elevatus within 24 h was 99.46 and 64.46 prey, respectively. The area of discovery for the larval stage declined more steeply than the adult stage of the predator as their density increased from one to five individuals, indicating more interference estimated for the larval stage. Considering these characteristics, larvae would seem to be the most effective stage against low mosquito populations due to low predation risk compared to that generated at high predator densities in the same arena from intra-specific interference. Eventually, we suggested a ratio of 1:100 (predator per prey) must be considered in biocontrol plans for mosquitoes., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Published
2025
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2. The Role of Entomopathogenic Fungi in Agriculture

Author

Sunil Kumar Deshmukh, Kandikere Sridhar, Sunil Kumar Deshmukh, and Kandikere Sridhar

Subjects
Entomopathogenic fungi--Utilization, Agricultural pests--Biological control, Insect pests--Biological control
Abstract

Entomopathogenic fungi are economically important fungi from environmental, agricultural, and human health perspectives. They are an alternative to chemical pesticides. They can also be used as biostimulants and biological control agents for mosquitoes and other insects. These fungi are also known to produce a variety of metabolites of industrial significance. They face challenges in the cultivation, fermentation, and purification of products. Their habitats and ecological niches are of special significance for ex situ conservation and the large scale of production of spores.This book reviews molecular aspects of the pathogenesis of entomopathogenic fungi, the development of mycoinsecticides, and its regulatory aspects. It addresses different aspects of entomopathogenic fungi, including host-pathogen interactions (susceptibility and resistance), fungus-insect and fungus-fungus dual interactions, phylogeny and taxonomy, biochemistry, and molecular basis of enteropathogenesis, market potential of entomopathogens, regulatory aspects, bioprospecting of fungi, fungi as crop bodyguards and in disease suppression, and consortia for the control of insect pests and pathogens in single crop systems.

Published
2025

3. Advanced Plant Nematology

Author

N.G. Ravichandra and N.G. Ravichandra

Abstract

The entirety of this book, which contains 17 chapters, offers up-to-date information on various aspects of nematodes. These chapters cover topics such as nematode ultrastructural anatomy and morphology, phylogenetic and evolutionary concepts, nematode ecology and interactions with hosts, molecular and cytogenetic approaches, and more. The book is intended to be useful for teaching, research, and extension faculty in agricultural and horticultural universities, as well as state departments of agriculture, horticulture, forestry, sericulture, and fisheries, and plant protection organizations. The book also includes appropriate diagrams, tables, graphs, and illustrations, as well as a bibliography at the end of each chapter listing the references cited. This book will be a valuable resource for those interested in plant protection, including administrators, policymakers, and other concerned individuals.

Published
2025

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