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This paper presents microstrip patch antenna array inspired by split ring resonators (SRR) for 5.8 GHz applications. The proposed microstrip patch antenna array inspired by split ring resonators is designed using FR-4 material with dielectric constant of 4.4, 1.6-mm thick substrate and loss tangent of 0.02. The split ring resonator has been loaded into the designed microstrip antenna array. Unloaded antenna arrays have a gain of 5.41 dB at 5.8 GHz, However split ring resonator-loaded antenna arrays provide a gain of 7.28 dB at the same 5.8 GHz resonant frequency. This microstrip patch antenna array inspired by split ring resonators is simulated using 3DEM of Mentor graphics electromagnetic simulator. To verify the theoretical and simulated results, antenna measurements are being prepared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a high gain metamaterial (MTM) integrated modified golden spiral antenna for THz (Terahertz) applications. The MTM unit cell is designed by two decagon SRRs (Split Ring Resonator). The proposed antenna has the dimensions of 100 x 100 μm² with MTM decagon rings on the ground. The MTM integrated antenna resonates at 2.80 THz, 3.15 THz, and 3.46 THz with impedance bandwidths of 2.77 THz-2:88 THz and 3.00-3.70 THz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Light fidelity (LiFi) and wireless fidelity (WiFi) can be applied with the same network under the different constraints, which is suitable for COVID-19 surveillance in hospitals. The LiFi network is a high-capacity and security platform. A COVID-19 surveillance system using LiFi is proposed, which consists of two switching modes: communication and surveillance. Firstly, the communication targets are to accommodate the electromagnetic interference (EMI) immunity and high-capacity and security data transmission, where secondly the COVID-19 surveillance can be applied. In operation, the up and downlink system uses a metamaterial antenna embedded by Mach Zehnder interferometer (MZI). An antenna consists of silver bars embedded at the microring center with two-phase modulators at its sides. The entangled source namely a dark soliton is applied to form the transmission, where the information security based on quantum cryptography can be managed. By using the suitable parameters, the whispering gallery modes (WGMs) are generated and the up and downlink nodes are formed. The input information is multiplexed with time to form the multiplexed signals, where the big data transmission (40 Pbit s - 1 ) can be employed. By using the surveillance mode, the plasmonic antenna can be applied for temperature and electric force sensors, which can offer the disinfectant spray and temperature sensor for COVID-19 applications. The optimum plasma force sensitivity is 0.16 N kg−1 mW−1. The center frequencies of 191.48 THz and 199.41 THz are obtained for uplink and downlink antennas, respectively. The optimum temperature sensitivity is 0.05 rads−1 °C−1. In conclusion, the novelty of proposed work is that the integrated sensor circuits are employed for COVID-19 surveillance in the hospital. The fuzzy-based system is designed for critical patient monitoring alert using this surveillance and management inside the hospital for COVID-19 patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metamaterial (MM) is an artificial constituent, which as a distinct properties i.e., negative permittivity and refractive-index, which doesn't subsists naturally in the environment. MM is widely used in the antenna application owing to their abundant advantages. Split Ring-Resonator configuration in MM antenna can enhance the performance of antenna. Therefore, the present study aims to develop an improved regression model, which evaluates the performance of MM antennas effectively. In that context, initially, the study performs, pre-processing by removing the unnecessary data and missing values. Then, the feature extraction is employed with Bi-LSTM, which extracts the efficient features. Followed by this, the training and testing split is performed as 80% training data and 20% of testing data. The modified regression model is constructed with empirical loss function and XG-Boost algorithms. By implementing the proposed model, the prediction phase is enhanced efficiently. The experimental evaluation of the proposed model is accomplished with Metamaterial antenna dataset (MM antenna dataset), which is openly available and the analysis is done in terms of error rate and accuracy. The proposed system attains 99.23% accuracy rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A miniaturized end-fire microstrip patch antenna with enhanced bandwidth and high-gain characteristics is presented. The design uniquely integrates complementary circular split-ring resonators (CCSRRs) in the rectangular radiation patch and an optimized grid of crossed slots in the ground plane, generating a double-negative metamaterial (DNG-MTM) response. This innovative combination significantly improves antenna performance in terms of gain, bandwidth, and size. The antenna achieves a wide operating bandwidth from 3 GHz to 8.4 GHz, delivering an exceptional 90% fractional bandwidth, substantially outperforming conventional designs. A strategically positioned rectangular slot beneath the feed line mitigates bandwidth limitations at higher frequencies, further enhancing impedance matching. The compact design (28 mm $\times 34$ mm, or $0.28\lambda $ g $\times 0.33\lambda $ g, where $\lambda $ g is the guided wavelength at the lower edge of the frequency band) achieves a peak gain of 6.9 dBi, representing a major size reduction and gain enhancement compared to existing counterparts. The proposed antenna’s novel DNG-MTM structure, compact size, and high performance make it an ideal solution for C-band radar and mobile wireless communication systems. Simulated and measured results demonstrate good agreement, validating the effectiveness of the design and its advantages over current technologies.

Future communication, 5G, medical, and IoT systems need compact, green, efficient wideband sensors, and antennas. Novel linear and dual-polarized antennas for 5G, 6G, medical devices, Internet of Things (IoT) systems, and healthcare monitoring sensors are presented in this paper. One of the major goals in the evaluation of medical, 5G, and smart wireless communication devices is the development of efficient, compact, low-cost antennas and sensors. Moreover, passive and active sensors may be self-powered by connecting an energy-harvesting unit to the antenna to collect electromagnetic radiation and charge the wearable sensor battery. Wearable sensors and antennas can be employed in smart grid applications that provide communication between neighbors, localized management, bidirectional power transfer, and effective demand response. A low-cost wearable antenna may be developed by etching the printed feed and matching the network on the same substrate in the printed antenna. Active modules may be placed on the same dielectric board. The antenna design parameters and a comparison between the computation and measured electrical performance of the antennas are presented in this paper. The electrical characteristics of the new compact antennas in the vicinity of the patient's body were simulated by using electromagnetic simulation techniques. Fractal and metamaterial efficient antennas and sensors were evaluated to maximize the electrical characteristics of smart communication and medical devices. The dual- and circularly polarized antennas developed in this paper are crucial to the evaluation of wideband and multiband compact 5G, 6G, and IoT advanced systems. The new efficient sensors and antennas maximize the system's dynamic range and electrical characteristics. The new efficient wearable antennas and sensors are compact, wideband, and low-cost. The operating resonant frequency of the metamaterial antennas with circular split-ring resonators (CSRRs) may be 5% to 9% lower than the resonant frequency of the sensor without CSRRs. The directivity and gain of the metamaterial fractal antennas with CSRRs may be up to 3 dB higher than the antennas without CSRRs. The directivity and gain of the metamaterial fractal passive sensors with CSRRs may be up to 8.5 dBi. This study presents new wideband active meta-fractal antennas and sensors. The bandwidth of the new sensors is around 9% to 20%. At 2.83 GHz, the receiving active sensor gain is 13.5 dB and drops to 8 dB at 3.2 GHz. The receiving module noise figure with TAV541 LNA is around 1dB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]