Search

Chinese opera has a long history and unique charm and is an important carrier of traditional Chinese culture. So, the teaching requirements for opera courses have gradually increased to ensure the vigorous development and inheritance of opera culture. To adapt to the reform and development of opera course teaching, this paper analyzes the basic concepts of scaffolding theory. It constructs an optimized framework for teaching modes based on scaffolding theory. On this basis, combined with the needs of college opera courses, it builds the framework of the opera teaching system based on scaffolding theory. It proposes the unique “modern teacher-apprentice system” based on the studio for the teaching mode of opera. Through the empirical analysis of teaching opera courses in colleges and universities based on the scaffolding theory, it can be seen that in the teaching of nine types of opera, including Beijing opera, Sichuan opera, Gui opera, Kunqu opera, Huangmei opera, Yueju opera, Cantonese opera, Yu opera, and Flower Drum Opera, the learning effect of this paper’s teaching of opera courses improves by 0.37~1.1 points compared with that of the traditional teaching of opera. The student’s ability in all dimensions improves by an average of 1.087 points. In addition, during the analysis of teaching satisfaction, the average score of learning satisfaction was 1.037, indicating that students acknowledged the reform of teaching opera in this paper. This study has significant results in the reform of teaching opera courses, which provides a reference value for the reform of opera courses in colleges and universities.

Summary: Endosperm is the main storage organ in cereal grain and determines grain yield and quality. The molecular mechanisms of heat shock proteins in regulating starch biosynthesis and endosperm development remain obscure.Here, we report a rice floury endosperm mutant flo24 that develops abnormal starch grains in the central starchy endosperm cells. Map‐based cloning and complementation test showed that FLO24 encodes a heat shock protein HSP101, which is localized in plastids. The mutated protein FLO24T296I dramatically lost its ability to hydrolyze ATP and to rescue the thermotolerance defects of the yeast hsp104 mutant.The flo24 mutant develops more severe floury endosperm when grown under high‐temperature conditions than normal conditions. And the FLO24 protein was dramatically induced at high temperature. FLO24 physically interacts with several key enzymes required for starch biosynthesis, including AGPL1, AGPL3 and PHO1. Combined biochemical and genetic evidence suggests that FLO24 acts cooperatively with HSP70cp‐2 to regulate starch biosynthesis and endosperm development in rice.Our results reveal that FLO24 acts as an important regulator of endosperm development, which might function in maintaining the activities of enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis in rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluorogenic dyes with high brightness, large turn‐on ratios, excellent photostability, favorable specificity, low cytotoxicity, and high membrane permeability are essential for high‐resolution fluorescence imaging in live cells. In this study, we endowed these desirable properties to a rhodamine derivative by simply replacing the N, N‐diethyl group with a pyrrole substituent. The resulting dye, Rh‐NH, exhibited doubled Stokes shifts (54 nm) and a red‐shift of more than 50 nm in fluorescence spectra compared to Rhodamine B. Rh‐NH preferentially exists in a non‐emissive but highly permeable spirolactone form. Upon binding to lysosomes, the collective effects of low pH, low polarity, and high viscosity endow Rh‐NH with significant fluorescence turn‐on, making it a suitable candidate for wash‐free, high‐contrast lysosome tracking. Consequently, Rh‐NH enabled us to successfully explore stimulated emission depletion (STED) super‐resolution imaging of lysosome dynamics, as well as fluorescence lifetime imaging of lysosomes in live cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bright and colorful fluorescent polymers are ideal materials for a variety of applications. Although polymers could be made fluorescent by physical doping or chemical binding of fluorescent units, it is a great challenge to get colorful and highly emissive polymers with a single fluorophore. Here the development of a general and facile method to synthesize ultrabright and colorful polymers using a single twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) probe is reported. By incorporating polymerizable, highly fluorescent, and environmental sensitive TICT probe, a series of colorful acrylic polymers (emission from 481 to 543 nm) with almost 100% fluorescence quantum yields are prepared. Like the solvatochromic effect, functional groups within side chains of acrylic polymers (including alkyl chain, tetrahydrofurfuryl group, and hydroxyl group) provide varied environmental polarity for the incorporated fluorophore, resulting in a series of colorful polymeric materials. Benefiting from the excellent photophysical properties, the polymers show great potential in encryption, cultural relics protection, white light‐emitting diode bulb making, and fingerprint identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pursuit of sensitive fluorescent chromophores with integrated aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) and twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) properties are attractive due to the tunable emission properties and increased intensity. However, this type of chromophore has yet to be exemplified mechanistically. In this study, a strategy is presented for manipulating the formation of TICT and the AIE effect through molecular engineering. The feasibility of TICT properties is validated by theoretical calculations and ultrafast spectroscopies. By precisely adjusting the hydrophobicity of the donor group, the fluorescence is significantly enhanced through the addition of poor solvent. These findings not only provide mechanistic elucidation for chromophores exhibiting integrated TICT and AIE properties in various environmental conditions but also underscore the critical factors for the systematic design of chromophores with high tunability and strong emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plants are vulnerable to many abiotic stresses, resulting in reduced plant productivity. Its adaptation to unfavorable environments relies on transmitting external stress signals into internal signaling pathways. A series of stress response mechanisms have been developed. Among them, brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of steroid hormones that are widely involved in plant growth, development, and stress response. Via genetics, proteomics, and genomics studies, the major components of signaling and signaling pathways through a series of phosphorylation cascade reactions have been identified in model plants such as Arabidopsis. Numerous studies have shown that BRs play important roles in plant responses to drought, temperature, salt, heavy metals, and other environmental stresses. The application of BRs to improve plant stress resistance has become the focus of research in recent years, especially the regulation of stress via endogenous BRs. Therefore, this paper systematically summarizes the research progress related to endogenous BR levels and provides an overview of BR biosynthesis and the signaling pathway, as well as the function of endogenous BRs in the response to abiotic stresses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methotrexate is a widely used drug in clinical practice for the treatment of collagen vascular diseases and malignant tumors. It has good anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects, but the cytotoxicity of methotrexate can cause various adverse reactions in patients. Studies have shown that the sensitivity and tolerance of different individuals to methotrexate is different. There are many reasons for this difference. Among them, genetic polymorphism is one of the main factors that cause individual differences. This article provides an overview of the genetic polymorphisms of key proteins involved in methotrexate metabolism and transport, such as MTHFR, FPGS, γ-GGH, ABC transporter, OATPs, SLC, TS and DHFR, are related to their efficacy and adverse reactions. The aim is to clarify the impact of genetic polymorphisms on the efficacy and adverse effects of methotrexate at the pharmacogenomic level, in order to provide a basis for the clinical application of methotrexate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grain size is one of the most important traits determining crop yield. However, the mechanism controlling grain size remains unclear. Here, we confirmed the E3 ligase activity of DECREASED GRAIN SIZE 1 (DGS1) in positive regulation of grain size in rice (Oryza sativa) suggested in a previous study. Rice G-protein subunit gamma 2 (RGG2), which negatively regulates grain size, was identified as an interacting protein of DGS1. Biochemical analysis suggested that DGS1 specifically interacts with canonical Gγ subunits (rice G-protein subunit gamma 1 [RGG1] and rice G-protein subunit gamma 2 [RGG2]) rather than non-canonical Gγ subunits (DENSE AND ERECT PANICLE 1 [DEP1], rice G-protein gamma subunit type C 2 [GCC2], GRAIN SIZE 3 [GS3]). We also identified the necessary domains for interaction between DGS1 and RGG2. As an E3 ligase, DGS1 ubiquitinated and degraded RGG2 via a proteasome pathway in several experiments. DGS1 also ubiquitinated RGG2 by its K140, K145 and S147 residues. Thus, this work identified a substrate of the E3 ligase DGS1 and elucidated the post transcriptional regulatory mechanism of the G-protein signalling pathway in the control of grain size., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Fluorogenic dyes with high brightness, large turn-on ratios, excellent photostability, favorable specificity, low cytotoxicity, and high membrane permeability are essential for high-resolution fluorescence imaging in live cells. In this study, we endowed these desirable properties to a rhodamine derivative by simply replacing the N, N-diethyl group with a pyrrole substituent. The resulting dye, Rh-NH, exhibited doubled Stokes shifts (54 nm) and a red-shift of more than 50 nm in fluorescence spectra compared to Rhodamine B. Rh-NH preferentially exists in a non-emissive but highly permeable spirolactone form. Upon binding to lysosomes, the collective effects of low pH, low polarity, and high viscosity endow Rh-NH with significant fluorescence turn-on, making it a suitable candidate for wash-free, high-contrast lysosome tracking. Consequently, Rh-NH enabled us to successfully explore stimulated emission depletion (STED) super-resolution imaging of lysosome dynamics, as well as fluorescence lifetime imaging of lysosomes in live cells., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)