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Objective: The goal of this study was to partner with community organizations to understand the research experiences of communities who speak languages other than English (LOE). Methods: We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews in Spanish, Nepali, Mandarin, French, or Kizigua with LOE community members and community leaders who completed recruitment and data collection. Audio-recordings of the interviews were transcribed and translated. We conducted qualitative coding using a mixed deductive-inductive analysis approach and thematic analyses using three rounds of affinity clustering. This study occurred in partnership with an established community-academic collaboration. Results: Thirty community members and six community leaders were interviewed. 83% of LOE participants were born outside of the US and most participants (63%) had never participated in a prior research study. Six themes emerged from this work. Many participants did not understand the concept of research, but those that did thought that inclusion of LOE communities is critical for equity. Even when research was understood as a concept, it was often inaccessible to LOE individuals, particularly because of the lack of language services. When LOE participants engaged in research, they did not always understand their participation. Participants thought that improving research trust was essential and recommended partnering with community organizations and disseminating research results to the community. Conclusion: This study's results can serve as an important foundation for researchers seeking to include LOE communities in future research to be more inclusive and scientifically rigorous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of board gender diversity (BGD) is well recognized due to its potential to enhance corporate governance and bring diverse perspectives to decision‐making processes. However, empirical evidence on its benefits, particularly for earnings management (EM), remains inconclusive, reflecting the complex dynamics within corporate boards. Given the inconsistent BGD–EM relationship, researchers are left to examine how, if at all, the two are associated, often encountering mixed results that complicate the narrative. Building on agency and stakeholder perspectives, this paper provides deeper insights into the BGD–EM relationship, emphasizing the mediating role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) as a catalyst that enables BGD to impact EM. We sample 10,252 firm‐year observations from publicly listed firms in 15 European countries from 2010 to 2020. The results show that BGD positively impacts CSR performance by indicating that diverse boards prioritize and implement socially responsible initiatives, leading to strategies that constrain EM practices through a culture of transparency and accountability. The results suggest that women directors are committed to enhancing CSR performance and restraining unethical activities such as financial manipulation and EM, reflecting their tendency to uphold higher ethical standards. Our findings alert firms to the need to focus not only on the importance of BGD but also on CSR activities to ensure higher earnings reporting quality and curb EM practices. By integrating BGD and CSR into their core strategies, firms can create a robust framework that mitigates the risks associated with EM. The results also have important implications for regulators, policymakers, and managers in understanding the drivers of higher EM practice quality. The results highlight the need for regulatory frameworks that encourage gender diversity and CSR, thereby promoting sustainable and ethical business practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: On the basis of recent clinical trial data for the treatment of drug-susceptible and drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB), the American Thoracic Society, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, European Respiratory Society, and Infectious Diseases Society of America have updated clinical practice guidelines for TB treatment in children and adults in settings in which mycobacterial cultures, molecular and phenotypic drug susceptibility tests, and radiographic studies, among other diagnostic tools, are available on a routine basis. Methods: A Joint Panel representing multiple interdisciplinary perspectives convened with American Thoracic Society methodologists to review evidence and make recommendations using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) and GRADE-ADOLOPMENT (adoption, adaptation, and, as needed, de novo development of recommendations) methodology. Results: New drug-susceptible TB recommendations include the use of a novel 4-month regimen for people with pulmonary TB and a shortened 4-month regimen for children with nonsevere TB. Drug-resistant TB recommendation updates include the use of novel regimens containing bedaquiline, pretomanid, and linezolid with or without moxifloxacin. Conclusions: All-oral, shorter treatment regimens for TB are now recommended for use in eligible individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]