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Reduced kidney AMPK activity is associated with nutrient stress–induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) in male mice. In contrast, female mice resist nutrient stress–induced CKD. The role of kidney AMPK in sex-related organ protection against nutrient stress and metabolite changes was evaluated in diabetic kidney tubule–specific AMPKγ2KO (KTAMPKγ2ΚΟ) male and female mice. In wild-type (WT) males, diabetes increased albuminuria, urinary kidney injury molecule-1, hypertension, kidney p70S6K phosphorylation, and kidney matrix accumulation; these features were not exacerbated with KTAMPKγ2ΚΟ. Whereas WT females had protection against diabetes-induced kidney injury, KTAMPKγ2ΚΟ led to loss of female protection against kidney disease. The hormone 17β-estradiol ameliorated high glucose–induced AMPK inactivation, p70S6K phosphorylation, and matrix protein accumulation in kidney tubule cells. The mechanism for female protection against diabetes-induced kidney injury is likely via an estrogen-AMPK pathway, as inhibition of AMPK led to loss of estrogen protection to glucose-induced mTORC1 activation and matrix production. RNA sequencing and metabolomic analysis identified a decrease in the degradation pathway of phenylalanine and tyrosine resulting in increased urinary phenylalanine and tyrosine levels in females. The metabolite levels correlated with loss of female protection. The findings provide new insights to explain evolutionary advantages to females during states of nutrient challenges. Article Highlights: The basis for protection against kidney disease injury associated with obesity and diabetes in females is not known. In the present studies, genetic deletion of kidney tubule–specific gamma subunit of AMPK led to loss of female protection against diabetic kidney injury along with dysregulation of phenylalanine and tyrosine degradation. These new data indicate that AMPK in the kidney is critical for diabetic kidney disease. Importantly, differential regulation of kidney AMPK contributes to sex disparities. Our results provide a previously unrecognized mechanism for the development of precision treatments in sex dependence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A numerical modeling method to reproduce the structures of needle-punched nonwoven geotextile based on the actual manufacturing process (web formation and web bonding) was developed. The geotextile model was built based on the statistical characteristics of the computed tomography (CT) observations, physical and mechanical properties of fibers, and physical parameters of the geotextile. A combination of the finite element model and pore network model method was proposed to obtain the pore size characteristics. The appearance and pore size characteristics before and under uniaxial tensile strains were investigated. It is shown that the method can simulate the geotextile manufacturing process satisfactorily. The pore size distribution (PSD) curves obtained from the model show good agreement with the CT-based results. Moreover, the method can reasonably simulate the tensile behaviors of geotextile under uniaxial tensile strain. The specimen necking phenomenon during the uniaxial tensile test was well reproduced. The PSD curves moved towards the direction of larger pore size with increasing uniaxial strain, and characteristic pore sizes (O 98 , O 95 , O 50 , O 30 , O 10) all show a relatively steady increasing trend. • The structures of nonwoven geotextiles are reproduced by numerical simulation of the actual preparing process (web formation and web bonding). • A FEM-PNM method was proposed to obtain the pore size characteristics of the geotextile model. • The PSD curves obtained from the numerical model show a good agreement with the experimental results based on CT. • The specimen necking phenomenon during the uniaxial tensile test was well reproduced. • The PSD curves moved towards the direction of larger pore size with uniaxial strain, and characteristic pore sizes all show an increasing trend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the rapidly changing domain of hybrid AC/DC urban distribution networks, this research unveils a groundbreaking method for the restoration of three-phase unbalanced systems by astutely harnessing the unique potential of DC line interconnections. At the heart of this innovation lies the synthesis of symmetrical Second Order Cone Programming (SOCP) with a sophisticated topology search technique, a union that offers a precise depiction of complex three-phase power flow with network restoration while simultaneously accelerating computational processes. Building upon this foundation, our approach places significant emphasis on the utilization of adaptable DC power control, coupled with the optimal deployment of mobile energy storage systems (MESSs), to ensure a harmonized power balance during critical interruptions. These strategies converge to prioritize the restoration of vital loads, especially those with high weighting factors, thereby significantly augmenting the network's resilience, particularly in contexts vulnerable to disasters. The corroborative numerical results, as delineated in our study, highlight the distinct advantage and effectiveness of our methodology over prevailing practices in fortifying grid resilience against serious adversities. • Novel restoration method for hybrid AC/DC unbalanced three-phase networks unveiled. • Synthesis of SOCP and topology search improves computational processes. • Adaptable DC control and mobile energy storage utilization ensure power harmony. • Strategy significantly reduces recovery time, boosting load restoration capabilities. • 75.23% resilience index increase with DC link connections integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores peer-to-peer (P2P) electricity trading, emphasizing not just the export and consumption, but also the feasible physical supply of electricity and the use of distribution network assets. Building on a transaction-oriented dynamic power flow tracing model, a novel P2P market architecture is proposed. This architecture integrates the electricity market with the power network, considering technical constraints, network losses, and asset usage. The network is segmented into potential markets using second-order cone programming (SOCP), with an optimization problem introduced for loss-allocation. This problem merges network physical analysis and variable outputs from distributed energy resources (DERs). A graph-based P2P electricity trading model is designed to determine optimal transaction cost allocation and maximize benefits for both DERs and consumers. A case study on a modified IEEE 33-node test feeder substantiates the benefits of this market structure, demonstrating increased revenues for DERs and reduced bills for consumers compared to traditional feed-in-tariffs. • Build a new P2P energy market model supported by dynamic power flow tracing. • Propose an optimized market segmenting strategy based on identifying power transactions. • Define the market boundaries in a physical system technically and economically. • Increase the DER owners' revenue that varied between £1264 and £1910. • Reduced consumers' bills up to £1736 compared with a traditional FiT model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]