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Background: The internet and standard search engines are commonly used resources for patients seeking medical information online. With the advancement and increasing usage of artificial intelligence (AI) in health information, online AI chatbots such as ChatGPT may surpass traditional web search engines as the next go-to online resource for medical information. This study aims to assess the ability of ChatGPT to answer frequently asked questions regarding pediatric supracondylar humerus (SCH) fractures., Methods: Seven (7) frequently asked questions (FAQs) regarding SCH fractures were presented to ChatGPT. Initial responses were recorded and rated as either "excellent requiring no clarification (0 items need clarification)," "satisfactory requiring minimal clarification (1 to 2 items need clarification)," "satisfactory requiring moderate clarification (3 to 4 items need clarification)," or "unsatisfactory requiring substantial clarification (>4 items need clarification or response contains false information).", Results: While 4 responses met satisfactory ratings with either moderate (2 responses) or minimal (2 responses) clarification, 3 of the 7 FAQs yielded a response from ChatGPT that were unsatisfactory. There were no responses that required no further clarification., Conclusions: ChatGPT provided some satisfactory responses to FAQs regarding pediatric SCH fractures, but required substantial clarification about treatment algorithms, casting and return to sport timelines, and the utility of physical therapy. Therefore, ChatGPT is an unreliable resource for information on treating SCH fractures. Parents of children who experience SCH fractures should continue to communicate with their doctors for the most accurate medical information., Level of Evidence: Level V-expert opinion on ChatGPT responses., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2025 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Shoulder dislocations are the most common of all major joint dislocations and are a frequent cause of emergency department (ED) presentations. While the epidemiology of shoulder dislocations has been characterized in adults, it has not yet been done for children in the United States. The primary goal of this study was to calculate the incidence rate of pediatric shoulder dislocations in the United States. Secondary goals were to characterize the demographic information of children with shoulder dislocations as well as trends in management., Methods: The US Collaborative Network in TriNetX, a network of clinical data repositories containing patient data from over 100,000,000 unique individuals within the United States, was queried for patients younger than 18 years old diagnosed with shoulder dislocation from 2014 to 2024 using ICD codes. The demographic details were then extracted from the data set, and treatment approaches were determined by CPT coding., Results: Over the past 10 years, there were 16,460 pediatric and adolescent patients diagnosed with a first-time shoulder dislocation in either an ED or ambulatory clinic. The overall incidence rate was 60.31 per 100,000 patients, while the incidence rate was 116.61 per 100,000 patients presenting in the ED and 33.95 per 100,000 patients presenting in ambulatory clinics that were under the age of 18 years. Most patients were male (73%), White (59%), and came from the southeastern region of the United States (36%). The most common treatment was a closed reduction (25%), followed by arthroscopic surgery (17%). The number of annual shoulder dislocations has increased over the past decade without an increase in the number of patients undergoing surgical treatment., Conclusions: There remains a high incidence rate of shoulder dislocations in the pediatric population of the United States. Despite evidence that early surgical treatment of shoulder dislocations offers improved outcomes, nonoperative treatment continues to be the most common modality without any increase in the percentage of patients undergoing surgical treatment., Level of Evidence: Level IV-descriptive epidemiological analysis., Competing Interests: R.J.M. serves as a paid consultant to OrthoPediatrics and Philips Healthcare Companies. The remaining authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

First metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint fusion is a frequently employed surgical treatment option for hallux rigidus and hallux valgus. Implant-related complications are common, necessitating further investigation into predisposing factors. The altered mechanics of pes planus may influence surgical outcomes; however, its direct impact on implant removal rates post-fusion remains unclear. We retrospectively analyzed the TriNetX US Collaborative Network database to identify patients undergoing first MTP joint arthrodesis by ICD-10 and CPT coding, the data was stratified by preoperative pes planus status. Implant removal rates were compared between pes planus (PP) and non-pes planus (noPP) cohorts. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated to assess associations. Patients in the PP cohort exhibited significantly higher rates of subsequent hardware irritation (OR 1.30, 95 % CI 1.010-1.675), and hardware removal (OR 1.27, 95 % CI 1.007-1.604) compared to patients in the noPP cohort. Our findings highlight patients with preoperative pes planus have significantly increased likelihood of implant irritation, removal, and reoperation following first MTP joint arthrodesis surgery. Biomechanical alterations associated with pes planus likely contribute to accelerated implant wear and compromise fusion stability leading to higher rates of future surgery., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest Dr. Trapper Lalli is a consultant for Arthrex, In2Bones, and Exactech. All other authors have no disclosures., (Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Objective: The optimal management of pediatric type II supracondylar humerus fractures (SCHFs) is debated. We conducted a systematic review comparing outcomes and complications of nonoperative versus operative management to aid decision-making and inform future research., Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and CINAHL from their inception until February 7, 2024, including studies on pediatric patients (<18 y) with any type II SCHF, provided they compared operative to nonoperative care and were in English. The quality of articles was evaluated using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies Scale., Results: Out of 417 studies reviewed, 7 met the inclusion criteria. These studies involved 1446 patients (mean age: 4.9 y; mean follow-up: 5.0 mo), comparing operative (n = 427) and nonoperative (n = 1019) treatments. Functional outcomes such as carrying angle, Baumann angle, elbow range-of-motion, and patient satisfaction were similar across treatment groups. Nonoperative management showed a higher incidence of residual sagittal deformity (14.1% vs 0.0%; P < 0.0001) and a treatment failure rate of 8.9% to 20.6%, necessitating surgical intervention. Factors prompting operative care included rotational deformity, varus/valgus misalignment, and a shaft-condylar angle below 30 degrees., Conclusion: Nonoperative treatment of type II SCHF is linked with higher rates of residual sagittal deformity and a notable failure rate requiring subsequent surgery. Both treatment strategies showed similar functional outcomes and patient satisfaction. Further research should focus on identifying anatomic criteria predictive of nonoperative treatment failure., Level of Evidence: Level III-systematic review., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)