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The study aimed to investigate the feasibility of dynamic glucose-enhanced (DGE) MRI technology in the clinical application of glioma. Twenty patients with glioma were examined using a preoperative DGE-MRI protocol before clinical intervention. A brief hyperglycemic state was achieved by injecting 50 mL of 50% w/w D-glucose intravenously during the DGE imaging. The total acquisition time for the DGE was 15 min. Area-under-the-curve (AUC) images were calculated using the DGE images. AUC 2-7min values of the glioma core, margin area, edema area, and contralateral brain parenchyma were compared using Mann-Whitney U tests. Overall, gray and white matter areas in the AUC images showed relatively low DGE signal change and bilateral symmetry. However, the tumor cores displayed a significant hyperintensity. A high DGE signal change was also seen in the necrotic, cystic, and cerebrospinal areas. These results show that DGE MRI is a feasible technique for the study of brain tumors as part of a clinical exam. Importantly, DGE MRI showed enhancement in areas confirmed histopathologically as tumors, whereas Gd T1w MRI did not show any enhancement in this area. Since the D-glucose molecule is smaller than Gd-based contrast agents, DGE MRI may be more sensitive to subtle blood-brain barrier disruptions, thus potentially providing early information about possible malignancy. These findings provide a new perspective for the further exploration and analysis of D-glucose uptake in brain tumors., (© 2024 The Author(s). NMR in Biomedicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The phloem-limited bacterium ' Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' ( C Las) is the putative causal pathogen of the severe Asiatic form of huanglongbing (citrus greening) and is most commonly transmitted by the Asiatic citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri . C Las severely affects many Citrus species and hybrids and has been recorded in the Citrus relative, orange jasmine, Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack (syn. M . exotica L.). In this study, 13 accessions of three Murraya species ( M. paniculata , M. sumatrana Roxb., and M. lucida [G.Forst.] Mabb.) and the Papuan form of a putative hybrid ( M. omphalocarpa Hayata) were identified morphologically and molecularly based on sequence identity of the matK-5'trnK region of the chloroplast genome, and infection on these plants under field conditions was determined by PCR and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) on two to four occasions over 14 months. C Las was repeatedly detected in leaflet midribs by PCR and qPCR on four and three accessions of M . paniculata and M. sumatrana , respectively. It was not detected in leaflet midribs of single accessions of M. lucida and M. omphalocarpa . The species identification of the C Las-positive accessions was further confirmed using all the molecular taxonomic markers consisting of the six fragments of the maternally inherited chloroplast genome and part of the nuclear-encoded internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. The results indicated that natural infection of M. paniculata and M. sumatrana with C Las can occur in Java. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the natural infection of M. sumatrana with C Las. Further studies are required to determine whether infections persist in the absence of D. citri ., Competing Interests: The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.