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This study investigates the impact of splitter plates on drag reduction in square-faced bodies using a water flow channel with three different splitter plate lengths: 2.5 cm, 1.8 cm, and 1.25 cm. The height and thickness were kept constant at 2.5 cm and 3 mm. Reynolds numbers ranging from 8977.5 to 3847.5 were tested. Results showed that increasing the Reynolds number increased the pressure hill height for both splitter plates forward as well backward. In the first case the forward splitter plate, shorter lengths resulted in reduced pressure hill heights. For the backward splitter plate, longer lengths led to larger pressure hill heights. The best drag reduction effect is got when the splitter plate length and the model length are of equal length. Overall, the effective drag reduction effect is shown by the backward splitter plate compared to the forward, the difference in value is almost 30%. These results are eminent for getting a perception of relation that exist between splitter plate length and drag reduction in square-faced bodies.

The desire for a carbon-free planet has prompted a few experts to advocate for the most abundant energy known to us i.e Solar Energy. There are lots of solar powered energy systems in which the solar chimney power plant has been significant among passive methods in generating carbon free power. There are many attempts taken both experimentally as well as theoretically in developing efficient solar chimneys. This article reviews the major activities carried out in the various topographical regions covering significant research articles. In addition, the survey focuses on experimental research, understanding and recreational works, applications, and analogous work references, all of which are based on a broad range reference. Further, discussion on the research gap in each of the section is included with recommendations for future enhancement of this technology.

Objective: The three‐tier grading scheme described in "The Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology (PSC) System for reporting Pancreaticobiliary Cytopathology" (TPSCRPBC) which remained unchanged following the WHO Reporting System for Pancreaticobiliary Cytopathology (WRPBC) was evaluated on pancreatic adenocarcinomas (PACs) reported on endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration cytology (EUS‐FNAC). Methods: The Papanicolaou and May Grunwald Giemsa‐stained smears from 116 cases of PACs were graded using the three‐tier grading scheme laid down by TPSCRPBC/WRPBC. Cases exhibiting multiple grades were assigned primary, secondary and tertiary grades. Each case was assigned a grade score, either by adding the primary and secondary grades, by adding the primary and tertiary grades when the tertiary grade was 3 or by doubling the grade when only one grade existed. Necrosis was estimated semi‐quantitatively. The inter‐observer reproducibility in grading was evaluated using Kappa and Kendall's tau‐c. Correlations between the various grades, the stage of the tumour and the amount of necrosis were assessed using Spearman rho and Kendall's tau‐b. Results: 31.89% of cases showed one grade, and 68.11% showed at least two grades. 16.38% showed three grades. The two commonest grade scores were 3 and 5. The inter‐observer reproducibility for grading and grade scoring was satisfactory. A positive correlation was noted between the grades and the amount of necrosis. No significant correlation was found between the grades, grade scores and the stage of the tumours. Conclusions: The TPSCRPBC/WRPBC grading scheme can be suitably applied to PACs with good inter‐observer reproducibility. Cases often show multiple grades in the same tumour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]