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Low voltage DC (LVDC) microgrids have recently gained popularity. In applications such as rural electrification, data center power systems, and satellite microgrids stand-alone LVDC microgrids have proven to be extremely beneficial. In the case of standalone LVDC microgrids, voltage control and energy management are crucial. In such standalone and safety-critical systems, sensor faults are especially important to address. Therefore, we present a hybrid sensor fault tolerant control (HSFTC) approach with redundancy features at the software and hardware levels. To address voltage sensor failures, an analytical redundancy component employs a sliding mode observer in conjunction with adaptive passivity-based control. To overcome battery current sensor failures, a double modular hardware redundancy component is included. Both MATLAB simulations and hardware experiments on the microgrid testbed are used to verify the performance of this HSFTC in a variety of scenarios involving sensor malfunctions and load disturbances. We observe that the suggested HSFTC can address sensor faults and load disturbances simultaneously. The effectiveness of our control approach in dealing with sensor malfunctions is evaluated in comparison to reference control strategies.

Concern has been raised recently by the increasing usage of diesel engines in both the automotive and industrial sectors. Due of the strict emission regulations, it will be challenging to economically manage exhaust using solely conventional methods. Alternative methods such as electric discharge-based diesel engine exhaust (DEE) treatment have become more popular; however, because this technology requires high voltage, its application in automobiles is restricted. In this study, a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor with a spike electrode arrangement is suggested for the treatment of diesel exhaust. NOX removal from 5-kVA DEE is evaluated using two types of symmetrical and asymmetrical spike electrode-based DBD reactors in comparison to plane electrode-based DBD. It has been found that while using 50-Hz ac at a lower applied voltage, a spike-configured electrode can inject more power than a plane electrode. As a result, nitric oxides are removed more effectively at lower applied voltages. This research will contribute to the implementation of non-thermal plasma (NTP)-based exhaust treatment in the automotive industry. When compared to other types of electrodes at lower applied voltages, the asymmetrical spike electrode-based DBD with a 10-mm spacing between spikes demonstrated superior NO elimination. Simulation study for electric field of each electrode configuration was conducted using COMSOL Multiphysics and it was in line with the experimental results. The experiments were conducted at 5 L/min keeping the load on the diesel engine at 80%.