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Objective: This study aimed to assess the degree of effect of central lymph node dissection on postoperative hypoparathyroidism incidence. Methods: The incidence of postoperative hypoparathyroidism was compared between patients receiving thyroidectomy with central neck dissection for papillary thyroid carcinoma and those undergoing thyroidectomy for benign thyroid diseases (thyroid follicular adenoma and/or nodular goiter) necessitating surgical intervention. Results: The incidence of postoperative hypoparathyroidism was not significantly different between the groups of lobe thyroidectomy for benign thyroid diseases and lobe thyroidectomy with ipsilateral central lymph node dissection for papillary thyroid carcinoma (immediate: 9.2% vs 3.0%, P = 0.157; protracted: 4.6% vs 0%, P = 0.06; permanent: 0% vs 0%). Similarly, there was no significant difference in the postoperative hypoparathyroidism incidence between total thyroidectomy for benign thyroid diseases and total thyroidectomy with ipsilateral central lymph node dissection for papillary thyroid carcinoma (immediate: 25.0% vs 33.8%, P = 0.12; protracted: 4.5% vs 5.3%, P = 0.99; permanent: 1.1% vs 0.9%, P > 0.99). Conclusion: While the rates of postoperative hypoparathyroidism during thyroid surgery with ipsilateral central lymph node dissection may be slightly elevated compared to surgery without it for papillary thyroid carcinoma, they remained akin to those observed during surgery for benign thyroid diseases that need surgical management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) is an economic flatfish in seawater factory farming along the coastal areas of China. However, the farming of C. semilaevis is plagued by visceral nodular disease (VND) infections caused by Mycobacterium marinum , resulting in substantial economic losses for the industry. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the molecular mechanisms of VND tolerance in C. semilaevis. To achieve this, we employed a combination of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and to elucidate their roles in regulating tolerance to VND in C. semilaevis. Initially, we genotyped 300 individual C. semilaevis using whole genome resequencing (WGS), identifying 4,773,887 high-quality SNPs. Seven significantly associated SNPs were found on chromosomes 1 and 12. Subsequent RNA-seq analysis of liver tissues from both disease sensitive (DS) and disease tolerance (DT) groups during M. marinum infection revealed a total of 2576 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Potential candidate genes identified from GWAS and DEGs were further integrated. From that, genes involved in transcription factor activity, innate immune response and protein kinase activity, such as rela , jun , ccl36.1 , nfkbiab , pik3r3b and map2k1 , were found to be important for VND tolerance in C. semilaevis. In addition, the expression pattern of candidate genes and genotypes of SNPs associated with disease tolerance traits were validated. These findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms governing disease tolerance and lay the groundwork for genomic selection and molecular breeding strategies enhance VND tolerance in fish. • Reveal the genetic basis and potential regulatory mechanisms of visceral nodular disease in half-smooth tongue sole. • Three significant associated and four suggestive associated SNPs were observed on chromosomes 1 and 12. • Potential candidate genes involved in transcription factor activity, innate immune response and protein kinase activity [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• INTERNEO collaboration of neoadjuvant SRS for brain metastases. • Individual patient data pooled analysis from 9 institutions in 5 countries. • 1-year incidence of local recurrence, any grade radionecrosis and nodular LMD < 5 % • Longest median follow-up for neoadjuvant stereotactic radiosurgery. • Largest cohort of multi-fraction neoadjuvant stereotactic radiosurgery. Neoadjuvant stereotactic radiosurgery (NaSRS) is an emerging treatment option for brain metastases (BrM) planned for resection. The aim of this study was to report on the efficacy and safety of NaSRS in an individual patient data pooled analysis. Patients undergoing single- and multi-fraction NaSRS for BrM at nine institutions in five countries (Australia, Canada, South Korea, Switzerland and USA) were included. Eligibility criteria included BrM from any primary malignancy and no prior local therapy. The primary endpoint was a composite of local recurrence (LR), any grade radionecrosis (RN), and/or nodular leptomeningeal disease (nLMD). Secondary endpoints included these endpoints and Grade ≥ 2 RN. Endpoints were evaluated using cumulative incidence functions. NaSRS was delivered to 179 patients with 189 BrM. Median follow-up was 28.4 months. Primary malignancies included non-small cell lung carcinoma (44 %) and melanoma (17 %). The median BrM diameter was 29 mm (IQR 21–36 mm). Single- and multi-fraction NaSRS was utilised in 100 (53 %) and 89 BrM (47 %) respectively. The median single-fraction dose was 18 Gy (IQR 16–20 Gy). Multi-fraction doses included 24 Gy in three fractions (55 %) and 27 Gy in three fractions (25 %). The 12-month incidence for the composite endpoint was 8.0 %. The 12-month incidence of LR was 4.6 %, any grade RN was 3.6 %, Grade ≥ 2 RN was 1.8 % and nLMD was 1.2 %. Neoadjuvant SRS results in favourable rates of LR, RN and nLMD. We provide a global experience of this treatment approach with long-term data and the largest cohort of patients undergoing multi-fraction SRS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]