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In actinide systems, the 5 f electrons experience a uniquely delicate balance of effects and interactions having similar energy scales, which are often difficult to properly disentangle. This interplay of factors such as the dual nature of 5 f -states, strong electronic correlations, and strong spin–orbit coupling results in electronically unusual and intriguing behavior such as multi-k antiferromagnetic ordering, multipolar ordering, Mott-physics, mixed valence configurations, and more. Despite the inherent allure of their exotic properties, the exploratory science of even the more basic, binary systems like the actinide oxides has been limited due to their toxicity, radioactivity, and reactivity. In this article, we provide an overview of the available synthesis techniques for selected binary actinide oxides, including the actinide dioxides, sesquioxides, and a selection of higher oxides. For these oxides, we also review and evaluate the current state of knowledge of their crystal structures and magnetic properties. In many aspects, substantial knowledge gaps exist in the current body of research on actinide oxides related to understanding their electronic ground states. Bridging these gaps is vital for improving not only a fundamental understanding of these systems but also of future nuclear technologies. To this end, we note the experimental techniques and necessary future investigations which may aid in better elucidating the nature of these fascinating systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the modern context, for a city to be deemed smart, it must extend its focus beyond a mere technological infrastructure to align with the 4T model. This framework encompasses four key components: Technology, Telecommunication, Talent, and Tolerance. The model advocates for a comprehensive approach that transcends purely technological progress, emphasizing that a smart city's successful evolution requires advanced infrastructure, effective communication networks, skilled human capital, and a culture of inclusivity and tolerance. The article presents an analysis of applying the smart city concept and the 4T model in the development of Moscow, Krasnodar, Kazan, Tyumen, Yekaterinburg, and Dubna (Russia). The study aims to determine the application of the smart city and 4T model by their administrations and the difficulties in implementing these strategies. The study is conducted in five Russian cities varying in size and functionality. The research materials are documents describing the development strategy. The authors of the article conduct computer-assisted telephone interviews with residents and city administration employees. They analyze the development strategies of these cities. The authors also identify the positions of the 4T model and directions for the development of a smart city in local development policy. The analysis allows the authors to determine the maturity of local development planning mechanisms considering the 4T model and smart city tools. Since the experience of the five cities different in size and functionality is studied, the results might be of interest to both practitioners and policy theorists striving to involve residents in the formation of local development policies and use of modern technologies to improve their access to city services and increase their influence on the future of their city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to justify the feasibility of using digital intelligent technologies in forecasting the development of net blotch in winter barley. The developed AI solution is a binary decision tree that can predict scenarios of net blotch development: depressive, moderate, and epiphytotic development. To configure the algorithm parameters, we carried out field and laboratory experiments at the Federal Scientific Center for Biological Plant Protection from 2021 to 2023. The preparation of data involved several stages, including setting up of field plots to create an artificial infection background as well as the preparation of an inoculum, sowing of highly susceptible and resistant winter barley varieties, and artificial inoculation. The selected input factors included the observed degree of leaf damage, type of variety resistance, vegetation phase at the time of primary infection, and average relative air humidity during the vegetation phase of infection. The total sample size was 144 observations. The trained model has demonstrated a high classification accuracy on both the training and test datasets at an accuracy rate of more than 96%. Based on the statistical estimate of the significance of the factors influencing the development of net blotch in barley, it is shown that the most influential factor is the current degree of leaf infection (74.3%), followed by the average relative air humidity (11.9%), the resistance of the variety to the disease (10.4%), and the development stage during which infection occurred (3.4%). The proposed solution has a significant practical importance since it provides new opportunities for the diagnostic process of net blotch in winter barley, including high diagnostic rate, accuracy in forecast predictions, and applicability in field conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The paper uses the data of digital tax burden calculator of Russia’s Federal Tax Service to study the determinants of the total tax burden and average salary on the example of St. Petersburg for year 2020 with enterprises broken down by size and types of economic activity and with the focus on top-priority and socially important industries. Therefore, this study aims to provide a mathematical substantiation for the need to improve state support measures provided for top-priority or socially important types of activities in the region using taxation means and methods. The objectives set were achieved using simulation modeling. The dependent variables that characterize the state support of the top-priority and socially important types of activities are the rate of tax burden (excluding mineral tax and excise taxes) and the size of the average salary. Moreover, two analyses were conducted sequentially to achieve the objectives. The first was a two-way analysis of variance of the relationship between the average salary and the size of the organization or industry as well as the dependence of tax burden on the same factors. The second was a one-way analysis of the variance of the tax burden and average salary depending on different types of activities as well as the scale of the enterprise. The results of the one-way analysis were refined through regression methods based on dummy variables. It was observed that there were no considerable differences between the average salary and total tax burden in top-priority or socially important sectors compared to the other industries in the economy. The trend was the evidence of insufficient support provided by the state and the need to introduce additional preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that Nikolai Nekrasov's poem is closely related to a topical discussion on the representation of peasants in literary texts that was unfolding in the criticism of 1850s. Critics such as Pavel Annenkov, who published his articles in The Contemporary edited by Nekrasov, insisted that the modern literature created by the westernized elites was incapable of correctly describing the social and psychological circumstances of the life of common people. His opponent Stepan Dudyshkin, to whom Nekrasov dedicated the first edition of his poem, replied that the whole idea of a perfectly correct representation of human life in a work of art is an illusion created by German philosophers, while a poet should rather influence the reader and evoke strong feelings. Analyzing the poem by Nekrasov, I demonstrate that he closely follows the advice of Dudyshkin, showing that such feelings as pity and sympathy can overcome social and cultural borders between the characters of his poem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]