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Background: To ensure comprehensive dental treatment under general anesthesia(GA) is a viable option, postoperative complications must be minimized. This study investigates the incidence and determinants of acute psychological complications following comprehensive dental treatment under general anesthesia in uncooperative children. Materials and methods: This study included 71 healthy children aged 5 to 10 years who exhibited uncooperative behavior during dental examinations. All participants received parental consent. Data was collected using a checklist encompassing demographic information, treatment details, physical complications, and psychological complications. The Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale faces version (MCDASf) questionnaire was administered pre-operatively and five days post-operatively. Results: The first day exhibited the most pronounced physical and psychological complications. While the most physical complications had diminished by the fifth day, the psychological effects remained permanent. Tooth extraction was associated with a statistically significant impact on fear of being left alone(P < 0.001), unspecified fear (P = 0.001), nyctophobia (P = 0.001), and excessive crying(P < 0.001). Conclusion: Psychological complications persisted for a longer period compared to physical complications. The number of extracted teeth under GA had a significant influence on children's fear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Poverty is a well-known risk factor for poor health. This scoping review (ScR) mapped research linking early childhood caries (ECC) and poverty using the targets and indicators of the Sustainable Development Goal 1 (SDG1). Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus in December 2023 using search terms derived from SDG1. Studies were included if they addressed clinically assessed or reported ECC, used indicators of monetary or multidimensional poverty or both, and were published in English with no date restriction. We excluded books and studies where data of children under 6 years of age could not be extracted. We charted the publication year, study location (categorized into income levels and continents), children age, sample size, study design, measures of ECC, types and levels of poverty indicators and adjusted analysis. The publications were also classified based on how the relation between poverty and ECC was conceptualized. Results: In total, 193 publications were included with 3.4 million children. The studies were published from 1989 to 2023. Europe and North America produced the highest number of publications, predominantly from the UK and the US, respectively. Age-wise, 3–5-year-olds were the most studied (62.2%). Primary studies (83.9%) were the majority, primarily of cross-sectional design (69.8%). Non-primary studies (16.1%) included reviews and systematic reviews. ECC was mainly measured using the dmf indices (79.3%), while poverty indicators varied, with the most common used indicator being income (46.1%). Most studies measured poverty at family (48.7%) and individual (30.1%) levels. The greatest percentage of publications addressed poverty as an exposure or confounder (53.4%), with some studies using poverty to describe groups (11.9%) or report policies or programs addressing ECC in disadvantaged communities (11.4%). In addition, 24.1% of studies requiring adjusted analysis lacked it. Only 13% of publications aligned with SDG1 indicators and targets. Conclusion: The ScR highlight the need for studies to use indicators that provide a comprehensive understanding of poverty and thoroughly examine the social, political, and economic determinants and impact of ECC. More studies in low and middle-income countries and country-level studies may help design interventions that are setting- and economic context-relevant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The most crucial abilities for a Paediatric Dentist involve evaluating and managing children based on their behaviour. Children are often motivated to choose coloured restorative materials. They tend to hold their new fillings in high regard and are usually fascinated by the new materials in their oral cavity. Consequently, they are more likely to maintain the restoration, which greatly enhances their overall oral hygiene and fosters a favourable attitude towards therapy. Aim: To evaluate the behaviour of children and their acceptance of multicoloured and conventional composite materials: A randomised controlled trial. Materials and Methods: A split-mouth, single-blinded, randomised clinical study was conducted on 25 patients with Class I occlusal caries at the Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Government Dental College and Hospital (GDCH), Nagpur, Maharashtra, India, from July 2023 to January 2024. Healthy children aged between 5 and 10 years, who were visiting the dentist for the first time, were selected from the Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry. The chidren were divided in two groups-group 1, 13 (52%) children with blue coloured composite restorations and group 2, 12 (48%) chidren who received conventional composite restorations. Behaviour was assessed using the modified behaviour rating scale before and after treatment. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 16.0 with the Wilcoxon's Signed-rank Test. Results: Among total of 25 children, 14 (56%) were males and 11 (44%) were females with a mean age of 8.47±1.59 years. There was a significant improvement in the behaviour of children after treatment with blue coloured compomer (p-value<0.001), whereas the change in behaviour in the conventional composite group was non significant (p-value=0.157). Conclusion: Coloured restorative materials, such as blue compomer, show promising results in paediatric dentistry by promoting positive behaviour and satisfaction among children, potentially enhancing oral hygiene practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The study aimed to evaluate effect of parental absence or presence on anxiety level of children in dental clinic.. Materials and Methods: 130 children who 6-9 years old were randomly divided into two groups as absence of parents (PA) (n=65) and presence of parents (PP) (n=65). Children in both groups were examined by the pediatric dentist as only clinical and radiographical without any dental treatment on first visit. The primary molars of children in both groups were restored with compomer resin with using the rubber dam on second visit. Before and after the dental procedures The Abeer Children Dental Anxiety Scale (ACDAS) was applied to all participants in both groups. All data were analysed with two sample t test and p value set at <0.05 for significance level. Results: The mean age of participants was 6.9±1,18 years. The ACDAS score of PP on first visit was significantly lower than ACDAS score of PP on second visit (p<0.001). When comparing the mean ACDAS score of PA group, score of second visit with 26.23±1.82 significantly lower than first visit with 28.52±1.96 (p<0.001). There were no significant differences between mean ACDAS score of females and males in both groups and visits (p>0.05). Conclusions: According to results of current study, parental absence is efficient method for developing to behaviours of children during the dental procedures such as composite restorations under local anaesthesia in children who 6-9 years old. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: White spot lesions are one of the most common problem during and after orthodontic therapy. The present study was accomplished to evaluate the ability of Magnesium gel at different concentration and diode laser in combination compared with commercially available 1.23%APF in color restoring of WSL on permanent teeth. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 42 human caries-free premolar teeth were randomely divided into 6 experimental groups: Group A: Control (artificial saliva), Group B: 0.5%MgCl2 gel, Group C: 1%MgCl2 gel, Group D: 0.5%MgCl2 gel and Diode laser, Group E: 1%MgCl2 gel and Diode laser and Group F: 1.23%APF. The difference between the displayed color and the original color standard (ΔE) was assessed by colorimeter. The surface topography of teeth samples from each tested group was examined by a SEM. Collected data were investigated using one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan post hoc test at p ≤ 0.05. Result: A significant difference in (ΔE) was noticed among groups (p= 0.006). Group (B) showed the lowest ΔE value (9.4±1.6), followed by group (D) (10.2±1.1), group (F) (10.4±2.6), group (A) (11.6±1.3), group (C) (12.9 ±2.3) and group (E) (13.2±1.3). Conclusion: 0.5% magnesium gel is as 1.23% APF gel in color restoring of white spot lesion. No synergistic effect between materials and diode laser. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the clinical effects, complications (peri- and postoperative), depth of sedation, recovery times, and changes in anxiety levels in paediatric dental patients receiving intravenous sedation with propofol and ketamine–propofol mixtures. This prospective clinical study included 69 healthy children (ASA 1) aged 3–7 years. The patients were assigned randomly to propofol group (n = 23), which received propofol; 1:3 ketofol group (n = 23), which received 1:3 ketofol; or 1:4 ketofol group (n = 23), which received 1:4 ketofol. The bispectral index (BIS) and Ramsay Sedation Scale (RSS) score were recorded at intervals of 5 min to measure the depth of sedation, and vital signs were evaluated. Peri- and postoperative complications and recovery times were recorded. Anxiety levels were also evaluated using the Facial Image Scale (FIS) and changes in saliva cortisol levels (SCLs) before and after the intravenous sedation procedure. The Kruskal‒Wallis test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to determine pre- and posttreatment parameters. Dunn's test for post hoc analysis was used to determine the differences among groups. Children's pre- and posttreatment anxiety levels did not differ significantly according to FIS scores, and increases in SCLs were detected in 1:3 ketofol and 1:4 ketofol groups after dental treatment was completed. Compared with those in the other groups, the BIS values of the patients in 1:4 ketofol indicated a slightly lower depth of sedation. The recovery time of the patients in 1:3 ketofol was longer than that of patients in propofol and 1:4 ketofol. The incidence of postoperative complications (agitation, hypersalivation, nausea/vomiting, and diplopia) did not differ among the groups. Ketamine–propofol combinations provided effective sedation similar to that of propofol infusion without any serious complications during dental treatment performed under intravenous sedation. The ketofol infusion increased the anxiety level of paediatric dental patients to a greater extent than the propofol infusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The establishment of a convenient and effective detection method for doxycycline (DC) holds significant importance in drug monitoring and drug residue assessment. In this work, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with excellent and stable luminescence performance (the quantum yield of CQDs was 21.8%) were synthesized by the melting method and employed as probes to monitor the fluorescence intensity variations before and after the introduction of DC. A fluorescence analytical method based on the internal filtration effect (IFE) was developed for DC determination. The mechanism of DC quenching CQDs was verified using fluorescence lifetime tests, absorption spectroscopy, and evaluation of internal filtration parameters. After optimizing experimental conditions, it was found that the DC concentration (CDC) exhibited a good linear relationship with the fluorescence quenching efficiency ((F0-F)/F0) of CQDs in the range of 5–30 µM. The fitted linear equation was Y = 0.01249*CDC+0.03625, R2 = 0.9987, and the detection limit was 2.343 µM (n = 8). This developed method has been successfully applied to accurately determine DC concentrations in both doxycycline hydrochloride tablets and human serum samples. It stands out for its simplicity, rapidity, and acceptable detection performance. Due to its advantages, this method holds great promise for application in the biomedical field for monitoring DC drug concentrations and ensuring quality control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of common dental anomalies in children. Methods: In this study, 5280 digital orthopantomographic images of patients aged 5-16 years were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 3619 digital orthopantomographic images that met the study criteria were evaluated. Descriptive statistics of the categorical data obtained were analyzed using percentage and frequency analyses, followed by Pearson Chi-Square or Fisher’s Exact test for binary group comparisons. The significance level for statistical analyses was set at (p < 0.05). Results: In the individuals included in the study, at least one dental anomaly was detected in 13.78%. Numerical anomalies were the most commonly observed type of anomaly, with hypodontia being the anomaly with the highest prevalence in this group. A statistically significant difference was observed between genders in the frequency of supernumerary teeth, ectopy, and mesiodens (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Dental anomalies can occur in different types in humans. Clinicians can prevent future dental problems that may occur in later ages with the early diagnosis and treatment of dental anomalies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Given the health and economic benefits of family planning (FP), Nigeria's very low demand for FP satisfied by modern methods (mDFPS) of less than 50% is therefore a major public health concern, especially considering the global target aimed at achieving an mDFPS of at least 75% by year 2030 for all countries. In view of this, together with recognising the possible contextual nature of health outcomes, this study aimed to empirically analyse the mDFPS among married or in-union women of reproductive age (WRA) in Nigeria. Materials and methods: A multilevel binomial logistic model with two levels of analysis was used: individual and community levels. Secondary cross-sectional data were obtained from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey, and analyses were performed using Stata 15.0. The analytical sample size was 9,122 WRA nested in a total of 1,072 communities. Results: The mDFPS was approximately 31.0%. The median odds ratio (MOR) estimated from the final multilevel model was 2.245, which was greater than the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for most of the individual-level variables, suggesting that the unexplained/residual between-community variation in terms of the odds of women having their mDFPS was more relevant than the regression effect of most of the individual-level variables. This was with the exception of the regression effects of the following individual-level variables: women's husbands that had higher education level in comparison to their counterparts who had husbands with no formal education (aOR = 2.539; 95% CI = 1.896 to 3.399; p<0.001); and women from the Yoruba ethnic group in comparison to their counterparts from the Hausa/Fulani/Kanuri ethnic group (aOR = 2.484; 95% CI = 1.654 to 3.731; p value<0.001). However, other individual-level variables with positive statistically significant regression effects on mDFPS were: women who mentioned that money for accessing health care was not a problem; women's empowerment in relation to the visitation of family and relatives; and women being exposed to FP messages through various media sources, all in comparison to their respective counterparts. On the other hand, at the community level, women in communities where a high percentage of them had at least a secondary education had statistically significant greater odds of having mDFPS than women in communities with lower education levels (aOR = 1.584; 95% CI = 1.259 to 1.991; p<0.001). We found similar findings regarding women residing in communities with exposure to FP messages through various media sources. However, using the 80% interval ORs (80% IORs) as a supplemental statistical measure for further understanding the regression effects of community-level variables showed that all of the 80% IORs had a value of '1', signifying considerable uncertainty in the regression effects of all community-level variables due to the substantial residual variation existing between communities. Conclusions: Our study showed that to achieve the dire increase in mDFPS in Nigeria, policy interventions aimed at improving the education level of both females and males, especially beyond the secondary school level, should be implemented. Additionally, all of the various media sources should be extensively utilised, both at the individual and the community level, by the Nigerian government to spread information on the importance of women having their mDFPS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Early childhood caries (ECC) is one of the most common dental problems, which often require dental rehabilitation with general anesthesia (DRGA)., Aim: To assess the short- and long-term effects of DRGA on children and their families' oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in preschool children, the incidence of complications on the first day, and the factors affecting them and parental satisfaction., Design: A total of 150 children treated for ECC under DRGA were included in the study. OHRQoL was assessed on the day of DRGA, 4 weeks, and 1 year after treatment using the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS). The incidence of complications and parental satisfaction with DRGA were evaluated. The data were analyzed for statistical significance (p < .05)., Results: In total, 134 patients were re-evaluated at the end of the fourth week and 120 at the end of the first year. The average ECOHIS scores before and after DRGA (4 weeks and 1 year) were 18.1 ± 8.5, 3.1 ± 3.9, and 5.9 ± 6.2, respectively. After DRGA, 29.2% of the children reported at least one complication. Ninety-one percent of the parents reported that they were satisfied with DRGA., Conclusion: DRGA has a positive effect on the OHRQoL of Turkish preschool children with ECC and is highly evaluated by their parents., (© 2023 The Authors. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry published by BSPD, IAPD and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background/objectives: Favipiravir is an antiviral agent, recently used for COVID-19 infections. Several reports associate favipiravir intake with Wood's lamp fluorescence of hair, nails, and sclera. The present study was designed to elucidate the positivity rates, and sites of favipiravir-related fluorescence and to unravel the site-specific changes in fluorescence positivity rates by a function of time past exposure., Methods: The study population comprised 50 patients and 50 control individuals. All patients in the patient group had received a full dose of favipiravir for COVID-19 infection. Fifty volunteers served as the control group. Wood's lamp examination was performed in a completely darkened room, and the positivity rate, extent, pattern, and distribution of fluorescence were recorded., Results: Wood's light revealed fluorescence of the fingernails, toenails, sclera, and hair in 35 (70%), 35 (70%), 22 (44%), and 8 (16%) patients, respectively. No control individual tested positive by Wood's lamp. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between patient and control groups in terms of Wood's light luminescence in the fingernails (p = .000), toenails (p = .000), sclera (p = .000) and hair (p = .003). Although fingernail, toenail, and hair fluorescence positivity rates declined or ceased at or after 91 days of favipiravir exposure, ocular fluorescence positivity rates were prolonged up to 188 days., Conclusions: These findings confirm that favipiravir may produce fluorescence of nails, sclera, and hair, detectable by Wood's light starting from the initial month and peaking at second- and third months following exposure to the medication. Although nail and hair fluorescence tend to abate after 3 months, ocular fluorescence may persist even longer than 6 months after cessation of the medication., (© 2023 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)