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The existing literature on sexual consent is extensive, but a new social approach to this topic is emerging, necessitating further research. This article addresses a gap in understanding how men’s interactions with other men, who are not their sexual partners, both before and during sexual encounters, influence their approach to consent beyond sexual cues. The study involved sixteen interviews and two focus groups with men aged 18–25. Conducted within the framework of the Consent project (PID2019-110466RB-100), this research aims to analyze how communicative acts, beyond verbal exchanges, shape relationships where either consent or coercion prevails. The findings reveal that when men engage in coercive interactions with non-sexual male peers, these interactions can encourage the violation of consent in their sexual relationships. Conversely, some men reject this coercive behavior, take a stand, and support others in avoiding situations that compromise consent. These results underscore the importance of addressing norms of masculinity and male interactions to ensure that all individuals can autonomously make decisions about their sexual lives.

Psycholinguistic research on metaphor has focused on verbal material. Yet, metaphors frequently occur in a multimodal format, blending words and pictures to convey meaning. Here we compared verbal and multimodal metaphors by using item pairs where stimulus one was always a word (e.g., "language" in the metaphorical conditions and "river" in the literal conditions) and stimulus two was either a word ("bridge") or a picture (the image of a bridge). The two types of metaphors elicited a similar N400 effect compared to literal pairs; at later latencies, visual metaphors were associated with a more pronounced negativity compared to literal pictures, whereas no effect was observed in the verbal domain. These findings indicate that both visual and verbal metaphors recruit conceptual operations reflected in the N400, but for visual metaphors, elaboration lasts longer. This difference in time course was driven by the low number of alternative interpretations and their closedness, pointing to the costs, rather than the facilitation, of integrating visual signs at an abstract level of representation.

Abstract The relation of antipsychotics with severe Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) outcomes is a matter of debate since the beginning of the pandemic. To date, controversial results have been published on this issue. We aimed to prove whether antipsychotics might exert adverse or protective effects against fatal outcomes derived from COVID-19. A population-based retrospective cohort study (January 2020 to November 2020) comprising inpatients (15,968 patients) who were at least 18 years old and had a laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection. Two sub-cohorts were delineated, comprising a total of 2536 inpatients: individuals who either had no prescription medication or were prescribed an antipsychotic within the 15 days preceding hospitalization. We conducted survival and odds ratio analyses to assess the association between antipsychotic use and mortality, reporting both unadjusted and covariate-adjusted results. We computed the average treatment effects, using the untreated group as the reference, and the average treatment effect on the treated, focusing solely on the antipsychotic-treated population. Among the eight antipsychotics found to be in use, only aripiprazole showed a significant decrease in the risk of death from COVID-19 [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.86; 95% CI, 0.79–0.93, multiple-testing adjusted p-value

Abstract Most research on trinucleotide repeats (TRs) focuses on human diseases, with few on the impact of TR expansions on plant gene expression. This work investigates TRs' effect on global gene expression in Psidium guajava L., a plant species with widespread distribution and significant relevance in the food, pharmacology, and economics sectors. We analyzed TR-containing coding sequences in 1,107 transcripts from 2,256 genes across root, shoot, young leaf, old leaf, and flower bud tissues of the Brazilian guava cultivars Cortibel RM and Paluma. Structural analysis revealed TR sequences with small repeat numbers (5–9) starting with cytosine or guanine or containing these bases. Functional annotation indicated TR-containing genes' involvement in cellular structures and processes (especially cell membranes and signal recognition), stress response, and resistance. Gene expression analysis showed significant variation, with a subset of highly expressed genes in both cultivars. Differential expression highlighted numerous down-regulated genes in Cortibel RM tissues, but not in Paluma, suggesting interplay between tissues and cultivars. Among 72 differentially expressed genes with TRs, 24 form miRNAs, 13 encode transcription factors, and 11 are associated with transposable elements. In addition, a set of 20 SSR-annotated, transcribed, and differentially expressed genes with TRs was selected as phenotypic markers for Psidium guajava and, potentially for closely related species as well.

Este artigo teve como objetivo aprofundar os estudos sobre o transtorno de personalidade borderline, do ponto de vista da psicologia analítica, e compreender a dinâmica da psique nos pacientes portadores de tal condição, por meio da ampliação da mitologia africana. A partir do estudo de autores junguianos e pós-junguianos, foi feito um paralelo simbólico do atendimento de pacientes com transtorno de personalidade borderline, por meio dos itãs (histórias) iorubás dos orixás Nanã, Oxalá e Obaluaê, apresentando ainda a ausência paterna de Oxalá e o aspecto guerreiro de Obaluaê. Iemanjá foi trazida como o aspecto materno positivo, da Grande Mãe, sendo ela a figura que acolhe e cuida do filho rejeitado, permitindo a ampliação e a correlação entre as figuras da mãe e do terapeuta. A mitologia africana, diferentemente da grega, pode ser vivida e experienciada, seja na clínica, no centro de umbanda ou no terreiro de candomblé. Apesar de o Brasil ser um país diverso e plural, o preconceito e o racismo sobre as religiões de matrizes africanas permeiam e atravessam a coletividade. Estudar e experenciar os mitos é acessar uma possibilidade de transformação.

O objetivo é apresentar uma análise filosófica a respeito das modificações ocorridas no mundo contemporâneo causadas pelo desenvolvimento das tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC) impactaram nossa compreensão ontológica do mundo, cuja uma das consequências também foram uma reformatação na compreensão de problemas morais clássicos. Para tanto, nossa investigação se baseia na teoria filosófica exposta por Luciano Floridi, que defende a tese segundo a qual todas essas transformações socias ocorreram a partir de uma revolução tecnológica a partir da qual podemos considerar que estamos vivendo em um ambiente hiper histórico, denominado de sociedade da informação. Por fim, discutimos, nos baseando nos textos de Han e Bruzonne, o problema ético da privacidade informacional e como as grandes empresas e governos utilizam da coleta de informações digitais retiradas dos perfis usuários digitais do mundo online para manipularem e até mesmo interferirem em nossas escolhas.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to perform early selection of the best progenies for traits related to tolerance to water deficit, pests, and diseases in Eucalyptus progeny tests. The experimental trials were set up in a randomized block design, with one plant per plot, and 20 replicates across three distinct locations (Buritizeiro/MG, Bocaiúva/MG, and Inhambupe/BA). At 6 months of age, the tested families were evaluated in terms of mean annual increment (MAI) and tolerance to pests and diseases. The analyses were conducted based on the genetic-statistics procedure of mixed models via REML/BLUP. The selection process was based on the estimated genetic values for the families, associating both traits in analyses using selection indices, namely the Multiplicative Selection Index and the Mulamba and Mock Selection Index, which allowed simultaneous selection for productivity (MAI) and tolerance to biotic agents. In Buritizeiro/MG and Bocaiúva/MG, plant tolerance to the psyllid (Glycaspis brimblecombei) was evaluated, while in Inhambupe/BA, tolerance to eucalyptus rust (Austropuccinia psidii) was assessed. For the trait of tolerance to biotic agents, heritabilities (hg2) were moderate across the three sites, with values of 0.20, 0.26, and 0.24 in Buritizeiro, Bocaiúva, and Inhambupe, respectively. The use of the Multiplicative Index (MI) and Mulamba and Mock Index (MMI) enabled the selection of genetic materials with better performance for both traits simultaneously.

Background Thoracic injuries are a very common entity throughout all age groups. With rising numbers of geriatric patients, characteristics of this patient group need to be better defined. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of age on the outcome of thoracic trauma. In this project we provide a stratification of differentiated age groups regarding outcome parameter on rib fractures. Methods The study employed a retrospective design using data from patients who sustained thoracic trauma and received treatment at a level I trauma center over a 5-year period. Patients with the same pattern of injury and gender but different age (above and below 70 years) were matched. Results The mean age of the study population was 57 ± 19 years, 69% were male, 54% of patients had preexisting comorbidities. Hemothorax was present in 109 (16%), pneumothorax in 204 (31%) and lung contusions in 136 patients (21%). The overall complication rate was 36%, with a mortality rate of 10%. The matched pair analysis of 70 pairs revealed a higher prevalence of comorbidities in the older age group. They had significantly fewer pulmonary contusions and pneumothoraces than the younger patients and a shorter length of stay. However, the older age group had a significantly higher mortality rate. Conclusions Geriatric patients with rib fractures exhibit different patterns of intrathoracic injuries compared to their younger counterparts. Although numeric age may not be the most accurate predictor of adverse outcome, we found that higher age was associated with a clear trend towards an increased mortality rate. Our findings build a basis for further research to evaluate the outcome of age for instance with the tool of a rib fracture scoring system within stratified age groups in order to identify patients at major risk.

O presente artigo relata um caso de febre catarral maligna (FCM), causada pelo herpesvírus ovino tipo 2 (OvHV-2), ocorrida em um bovino em uma propriedade leiteira do Oeste Catarinense em 2023. O animal apresentou sinais clínicos típicos da doença e para o diagnóstico foi realizado histopatológico, reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) e sequenciamento de DNA. Esse artigo ressalta a importância dos rebanhos ovinos e bovinos serem mantidos separados a fim evitar a transmissão de patógenos entre essas duas espécies animais. Ademais, esse relato reforça a necessidade da realização de diagnóstico laboratorial para confirmação de suspeitas clínicas a fim de se obter um diagnóstico preciso e uma prevenção/controle assertivos das doenças infectocontagiosas que acometem bovinos.

Cetacean morbillivirus is an etiologic agent associated with strandings of live and dead cetacean species occurring sporadically or as epizootics worldwide. We report 2 cases of cetacean morbillivirus in humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in Brazil and describe the anatomopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular characterization findings in the specimens.

Abstract Brain structure and function are intimately linked, however this association remains poorly understood and the complexity of this relationship has remained understudied. Healthy aging is characterised by heterogenous levels of structural integrity changes that influence functional network dynamics. Here, we use the multilayer brain network analysis on structural (diffusion weighted imaging) and functional (magnetoencephalography) data from the Cam-CAN database. We found that the level of similarity of connectivity patterns between brain structure and function in the parietal and temporal regions (alpha frequency band) is associated with cognitive performance in healthy older individuals. These results highlight the impact of structural connectivity changes on the reorganisation of functional connectivity associated with the preservation of cognitive function, and provide a mechanistic understanding of the concepts of brain maintenance and compensation with aging. Investigation of the link between structure and function could thus represent a new marker of individual variability, and of pathological changes.

This study analyzes the integration of the Arabic dialectal loan wesh into the French language and the language habits of the French. Through the suburban language commonly defined as "slang" and hip hop culture, particularly rap, this borrowing has undergone several important semantic shifts and numerous graphic variants. The various definitions of this term in the Petit Robert 2023 (paper version) and the Wiktionnaire (online), as well as statistical research in Internet corpora, reveal evolutions, linguistic variations and trends generated essentially by sociolinguistic functions.

The conjunctiva plays an essential role in eye health and immunity and acts as a barrier to the entry of microorganisms. Conjunctival infections are common in dogs and result from both the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms and the uncontrolled growth of the existing microbiota. Most of the existing data come from studies based on traditional culture methods. These reports indicate the predominance of gram-positive bacteria, especially Staphylococcus spp. In the present study, we analyzed the microbiota present on the conjunctival surface from a heterogeneous dog population without ophthalmological disorders using DNA sequencing. After a thorough ophthalmological examination, conjunctival swabs were collected from both eyes of 30 dogs. After processing and nucleic acid extraction, the sample pool was subjected to shotgun DNA sequencing through the Illumina platform and analyzed via the Metagenomic Rapid Annotations using Subsystems Technology (MGRAST) server. A predominance of the phylum Proteobacteria and the genera Ralstonia and Burkholderia were identified along with a minority of fungi, whereas viruses were not found. Microbial DNA sequencing has provided new data on this subject, revealing the presence of noncultivable organisms that were previously unknown as part of the ocular microbiome.

IntroductionFrench bulldogs can be affected by several neurological diseases, with myelopathies representing the most frequent cause of neurological signs. Studies focusing on the epidemiology of cervical diseases in this breed are lacking. This study aims to describe the prevalence of neurological pathologies responsible for cervical pain and/or signs of cervical myelopathy, assuming that intervertebral disc herniation represents the most common disease; a second aim was to evaluate how often different pathologies coexist in this spinal region in French bulldogs.Materials and methodsA retrospective analysis of medical records from the database of a single referral center (AniCura I Portoni Rossi Veterinary Hospital—Zola Predosa, Bologna, Italy) was performed, including French bulldogs presented for neck pain and/or neurological deficits consistent with cervical myelopathy. Clinical and imaging data were reviewed and used as inclusion criteria. Based on the number of MRI-diagnosed diseases, the eligible dogs were divided into three groups.ResultsOne hundred five French bulldogs met the inclusion criteria. The most commonly diagnosed condition was an intervertebral disc herniation (66.9%), followed by C2 idiopathic hypertrophic ganglioneuritis (15.1%), cervical syringomyelia (11.5%), congenital osseous malformations (1.4%), spinal arachnoid diverticula (1.4%), neoplasms (1.4%), steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis (0.7%), traumatic vertebral fractures (0.7%), and other (0.7%). For the vast majority of dogs (75/105) a single pathology was diagnosed, with intervertebral disc herniations accounting for 86.7% of cases, involving C3–C4 IVD most commonly. In the remaining 30 dogs, two or three different and concurrent diseases were detected. Among these 30 dogs, intervertebral disc herniations still remained the most diagnosed condition, in combination with C2 idiopathic hypertrophic ganglioneuritis and syringomyelia in 19 and seven cases, respectively.ConclusionThe results of this study highlight that different pathologies can affect the cervical spinal cord in French bulldogs, with intervertebral disc herniations representing the most frequent condition, as previously described in the veterinary literature. In almost a third of cases, different pathologies can coexist at the cervical level. However, for cases in which different pathologies are present at the same time, it is not always possible to clearly establish their clinical significance.

Este artículo analiza dos explicaciones de por qué la retórica ha sobrevivido más de dos milenios hasta la actualidad. La filosofía del lenguaje de Ortega y Gasset se centró en que el acontecer personal del hablante es irreductible a los automatismos sociales. Chomsky analizó los automatismos que actúan en la gramaticalización para concluir que la competencia es irreductible al algoritmo. Ambos remontan, a través de Humboldt, a la idea platónica del lenguaje. Según Chomsky la lengua aborda situaciones nuevas con recursos memorísticos incomparablemente inferiores a los de una máquina generadora de textos, como el ChatGPT. Siguiendo a Ortega cada persona produce innumerables decires nuevos en la diversidad de situaciones, razón por la que perdura la retórica. Ambos argumentos explican que, por potente que sea, la máquina no puede conseguir la plena simulación moral de la inconmensurable intencionalidad humana.

Este artigo se refere a um recorte de uma pesquisa de mestrado, que versa sobre a inclusão do estudante com TEA no Ensino Superior, e se detém às análises que tratam sobre os desafios encontrados nesse nível de ensino, tendo em vista a Educação Inclusiva. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativo, na qual os dados foram obtidos por meio das entrevistas semiestruturadas e analisados a partir da Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD). A partir das análises interpretativas, pode-se inferir que os profissionais sentem necessidade de formação continuada para atuar com o estudante com TEA, de forma a ampliar e construir conhecimentos acerca do seu processo de ensino, aprendizagem e sociabilidade. Evidenciou-se, ainda, que os profissionais desejam fazer parte de uma rede de apoio que ouça seus anseios docentes, que auxilie a elaborar soluções e realizar encaminhamentos para os desafios que dificultam o processo de ensino-aprendizagem desse público. No que tange a Universidade, destaca-se um movimento para a criação de estratégias que visam facilitar o processo de inclusão. Porém, mostraram-se algumas contradições entre a estrutura organizacional historicamente construída e as necessidades que a realidade da inclusão dos estudantes com TEA exige, o que tenciona uma série de reestruturações fundamentais em nível institucional à educação inclusiva no Ensino Superior.

Los estudios literarios de Aristóteles perduran a pesar de que la lingüística cartesiana negó que su autoridad pudiera servir de prueba científica. Fueron los mismos gramáticos quienes los validaron como prueba al reconocer la competencia lingüística del hablante. Comprobaron que la ambigüedad léxica, que algunos filósofos reprochaban como defecto del lenguaje cotidiano, obedecía al proceso de gramaticalización que Aristóteles explicó en sus trabajos sobre gramática, poética y retórica. El artículo enlaza la persistencia de la tradición retórica durante la modernidad con la automatización de los procesos mentales que alcanza, con el algoritmo ChatGPT, un punto culminante, para concluir, con Chomsky, que la máquina usa medios incalculables para emular la inconmensurable creatividad humana sin superarla.

IntroductionEffective implementation of strategies to promote health and prevent noncommunicable illnesses requires a profound understanding of the interaction between the individual and society. This study brings to health research the consideration of psychosocial factors that influence the maintenance and change of health behaviors and conduct. From a primary care perspective, it is crucial to propose a biopsychosocial approach for the development of health promotion and self-care programs that embrace personal aptitudes as a relevant individual aspect.ObjectivesTo explore experiences related to personal aptitudes and personality traits that influence health behaviors and conduct, taking into account the social determinants of health, through a thematic analysis based on the capability-opportunity-motivation and behavior (COM-B) system.Methods and analysisThis qualitative research is carried out from a descriptive phenomenological perspective, based on 17 focus groups in which 156 people participated. Inductive and deductive analysis techniques were used following Lincoln and Guba’s criteria of methodological rigor. In addition to 7 different triangulations of analysts, 6 main categories were identified based on the COM-B system: psychological capacity, physical capacity, physical opportunity, social opportunity, reflective motivation, and automatic motivation. The importance of considering these factors to promote healthy behaviors was stressed.DiscussionThis study examined how personal experiences related personal aptitudes and personality traits influence health behaviors and conduct in Spain. It was found that personality traits such as health literacy, self-efficacy, activation, and self-determination can influence the adoption of healthy behaviors. Likewise, the need for control, overthinking, and ambivalence made it impossible. Furthermore, social determinants of health and interpersonal relationships also play an important role.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04386135. Registered on April 30, 2020

Methods: We examined a quality measurement database containing de-identified cases from across Switzerland. All patients with a complete dataset treated between 2015 and 2021 were included. A case-control matching method (same age, comorbidity, sex, diagnosis, admission type, and insurance coverage) was used to evaluate the impact of pre-admission residence. The outcomes measured included complications during hospitalization, in-hospital mortality, and length of stay. Statistical significance was set at a p-value of

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute virus infection, which was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. The Swiss government decreed a public lockdown to reduce and restrict further infections. The aim of this investigation was to analyze the impact of the first COVID-19 lockdown on the performance of general and visceral surgery procedures. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was performed on the basis of the surgical registry of the working group for quality assurance in surgery (“Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Qualitätssicherung in der Chirurgie” or AQC). All patients with specific surgical diagnoses (complicated gastric or duodenal ulcer, acute appendicitis, hernia, diverticular disease, gallstone disease, pilonidal sinus, cutaneous and perianal abscess) were analyzed during 2019 and the corresponding lockdown period of March 14 through April 26, 2020. Data regarding patients’ characteristics, diagnoses, and treatments were analyzed. Results: In total, 3,330 patients were analyzed, with 2,203 patients treated in 2019 and 1,127 patients treated in 2020. There was a reduction in the number of all investigated diagnoses during the pandemic period, with statistically significant differences in acute appendicitis, hernia, diverticular disease, gallstone disease, pilonidal sinus (all p < 0.001), and cutaneous abscess (p = 0.01). The proportion of complicated appendicitis (p = 0.02), complicated hernia (p < 0.001), and complicated gallstone disease (choledocholithiasis p = 0.01; inflammation, p = 0.001) was significantly higher during the lockdown period. The surgical urgency rate in all patients was higher during the lockdown period compared to the control period (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The socioeconomic lockdown significantly impacted the number of general and visceral surgery procedures in Switzerland. The reasons for the reduction are multifactorial.