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The aim of this PRISMA-compliant systematic review was to analyze the evidence pertaining to disease resolution after the treatment of peri-implant diseases with the following PICO question: What is the rate of disease resolution following nonsurgical and surgical therapy for peri-implant diseases in adult human subjects? A literature search to identify studies that fulfilled preestablished eligibility criteria was conducted. Data on primary therapeutic outcomes, including treatment success and rate of disease resolution and/or recurrence, as well as a variety of secondary outcomes were extracted and categorized. A total of 54 articles were included. Few studies investigated the efficacy of different nonsurgical and surgical therapies to treat peri-implant diseases using a set of predefined criteria and with follow-up periods of at least 1 year. The definition of treatment success and disease resolution outcomes differed considerably among the included studies. Peri-implant mucositis treatment was most commonly reported to be successful in arresting disease progression for ≤ 60% of the cases, whereas most studies on peri-implantitis treatment reported disease resolution occurring in < 50% of the implants. Disease resolution is generally unpredictable and infrequently achieved after the treatment of peri-implant diseases. A great variety of definitions have been used to define treatment success. Notably, percentages of treatment success and disease resolution were generally underreported. The use of standardized parameters to evaluate disease resolution should be considered an integral component in future clinical studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peri-implantitis is known as an inflammatory condition affecting the soft and hard tissue around dental implants. A promising strategy to prevent these conditions is the use of antibacterial implants. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial potential of titanium (Ti) dental implants modified using plasma-electrolytic oxidation (PEO). The modified surfaces were subsequently loaded with silver (Ag) (n = 6) and zinc (Zn) (n = 6) ions and compared to unloaded Ti specimens (n = 6), with untreated specimens serving as controls. The specimens (each n = 5) were incubated in a culture medium containing a mixture of specific anaerobic bacterial strains. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to visualize the bacterial biofilm on each specimen. In addition, total bacterial deoxxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and the number of viable bacteria were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qrt-PCR) and colony forming unit analysis (CFU), respectively. The results of the CFU analysis showed a 2 log (99%) reduction in viable bacteria in the samples loaded with Ag and Zn compared to the unloaded control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, significantly lower bacterial DNA counts were detected with a 5 log reduction (99.999%) in the Ag and Zn samples compared to the positive control group (bacterial mixed culture solution, p < 0.05). Therefore, it was considered that Ag and Zn loaded Ti implants may be a promising addition to current approaches to enable advanced antibacterial dental implants. However, further studies should be conducted to evaluate the in vivo cytocompatibility of the developed specimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of non-surgical debridement with repeated diode laser application in comparison to surgical treatment for management of peri-implantitis. Materials and methods: Forty patients diagnosed with peri-implantitis were randomised into two groups. The test group received mechanical debridement and repeated diode laser therapy at Days 0, 7 and 14. The control group received mechanical debridement at Day 0 followed by surgical treatment at Day 14. Clinical evaluations were performed at baseline, 3 and 12 months. Results: Thirty-six participants (test n = 17, control n = 19) completed the 12-month observation period. Laser treatment failed in 4 cases (23.5%); of which 3 implants lost osseointegration and one necessitated surgical treatment due to progressively increasing probing depths (PD) and bone loss. In comparison, the control group showed a 100% survival rate with a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.04). Therefore, thirty-two participants were examined at the final evaluation (test n = 13, control n = 19). Twenty-two implants (57.9%) showed complete disease resolution without significant differences between the groups. The test group reported significantly lower post-operative discomfort on the visual analogue scale (VAS). At 3 months, both groups showed clinical signs of healing with reduction in probing depths (PD) and bleeding upon probing. Surgical treatment resulted in significantly lower PDs (control 3.7 mm [3.2, 4.0], test 4.5 mm [3.8, 4.8]), but recession was significantly higher (control 0.5 mm [0.3, 1.2], test 0 mm [0.0, 0.3]). At the final reevaluation, PD values remained significantly lower in the control group; 3.3 mm [3.1, 3.9] compared to 4.3 mm [3.7, 4.8] for the test group, but the difference in mucosal recession fell below the level of significance. Marginal bone levels improved after one year without significant differences between the two groups (Test = 3.5 mm [2.8, 4.6] at baseline and 1.5 mm [1.0, 4.4] at one year, Control = 2.8 mm [2.5, 3.1] at baseline and 1.4 mm [1.0, 2.6] at one year). Conclusion: Surgical approaches for management of peri-implantitis demonstrated significant benefits over laser therapy in terms of treatment success and PD reduction. Nevertheless, diode laser therapy, as described in this study, could represent a minimally invasive alternative for treatment of non-advanced peri-implantitis defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The human oral microbiome is a critical reservoir for antibiotic resistance; however, subgingival peri-implant biofilms remain underexplored in this context. We aimed to explore the prevalence and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in metagenomes derived from saliva and subgingival peri-implant biofilms. Methods: A total of 100 metagenome datasets from 40 individuals were retrieved from the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) database. Of these, 20 individuals had exclusively healthy implants and 20 had both healthy and affected implants with peri-implantitis. ARGs and their taxonomic assignments were identified using the ABRicate tool, and plasmid detection was performed with PlasmidFinder. Results: Four plasmid replicons were identified in 72 metagenomes, and 55 distinct ARGs from 13 antibiotic classes were detected in 89 metagenomes. ARGs conferring resistance to macrolides–lincosamides–streptogramins, tetracyclines, beta-lactams, and fluoroquinolones were the most prevalent. The msr(D) and mef(A) genes showed the highest prevalence, except in saliva samples from individuals with healthy implants, where mef(A) ranked fourth. A pairwise PERMANOVA of principal coordinate analysis based on Jaccard distances revealed that saliva samples exhibited significantly greater ARG diversity than subgingival biofilm samples (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed between healthy and peri-implantitis-affected subgingival biofilm groups (p > 0.05). The taxonomic origins of ARGs were also analyzed to understand their distribution and potential impact on oral microbial communities. Conclusions: Resistome profiles associated with both peri-implant health and disease showed no significant differences and higher salivary abundance of ARGs compared to subgingival biofilm samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Parodontologie: die Zeitschrift für die Praxis (Berlin, Germany) is the property of Quintessenz Verlags GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Peri-implantitis is a pathologic condition associated with dental plaque that occurs in the implant tissue and is characterized by inflammation of the mucous membrane surrounding the implant, followed by the progressive loss of supporting bone. In this study, a case of guided bone regeneration therapy based on plaque control of peri-implant inflammation was reported. Four years after surgery for the left second premolar implant, the patient presented with "left lower posterior tooth swelling and discomfort for more than 2 years". The X-ray periapical film showed a decrease in distal bone mineral density of implant, and the clinical diagnosis was peri-implantitis of the left second premolar. Implants underwent guided bone regeneration and regular periodontal maintenance treatment. Re-examination at 3.5 months, 11 months, 18 months, and 7 years showed that the alveolar bone height and bone mineral density were stable, and the periodontal depth became shallow. However, the gingival recession was mild. In the present case, follow-up at 7 years demonstrated that the clinical periodontal indexes could be remarkably improved after complete periodontal treatment for peri-implantitis, and the alveolar bone could be well restored and regenerated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objectives: Different methods to simulate plaque in order to test the efficacy of oral cleaning methods have been published. This scoping review aims to provide an overview of the existing models and to highlight their respective benefits and limitations. Material and methods: Following the recommended scoping review methodology the scientific literature was systematically searched electronically (PubMed and Scopus) and by hand search up to July 2024, using combinations of search items related to oral plaque simulation, periodontitis or peri-implantitis. Retrieved study titles and abstracts were screened for possible inclusion. Finally, data from included fulltexts was extracted by two independent reviewers. Nine different characteristics for proper plaque simulation method were defined and each existing method evaluated and rated accordingly, and an overall rating was calculated for each method. Results: Initially, 1787 records were identified. After abstract and title screening and fulltext revision, 25 fulltexts describing 7 different simulation methods, were included. The assessed methods of simulation were ink (12), varnish (5), calcium phosphate (1), calcium carbonate (1), occlusal spray (3), aluminum (1), commercially distributed and prepared artificial plaque (2). Even though some materials achieved good results in the assessment for individual criteria like water solubility, big differences could be found concerning practicability and production time, no simulation method was rated "very good" or even "good" in the overall evaluation. While ink and varnish were considered simulation materials of moderate quality for oral plaque simulation, all other techniques were assessed as weak simulation materials. Conclusion: Among the different published methods for the simulation of mechanical plaque removal, none seems to sufficiently simulate the essential characteristics of oral plaque, while some simulation methods may be useful to feature single properties of plaque in in-vitro studies sufficiently. Nevertheless, advanced models reflecting the diverse features of dental plaque more comprehensively are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe mouth cavity is the second most complex microbial community in the human body. It is composed of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. An imbalance in the oral microbiota may lead to various conditions, including caries, soft tissue infections, periodontitis, root canal infections, peri-implantitis (PI), pulpitis, candidiasis, and denture stomatitis. Additionally, several locally administered antimicrobials have been suggested for dentistry in surgical and non-surgical applications. The main drawbacks are increased antimicrobial resistance, the risk of upsetting the natural microbiota, and hypersensitivity responses. Because of their unique physiochemical characteristics, nanoparticles (NPs) can circumvent antibiotic-resistance mechanisms and exert antimicrobial action via a variety of new bactericidal routes. Because of their anti-microbial properties, carbon-based NPs are becoming more and more effective antibacterial agents. Periodontitis, mouth infections, PI, dentin and root infections, and other dental diseases are among the conditions that may be treated using carbon NPs (CNPs) like graphene oxide and carbon dots. An outline of the scientific development of multifunctional CNPs concerning oral disorders will be given before talking about the significant influence of CNPs on dental health. Some of these illnesses include Periodontitis, oral infections, dental caries, dental pulp disorders, dentin and dental root infections, and PI. We also review the remaining research and application barriers for carbon-based NPs and possible future problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), as an important member of MMPs family, undergoes activation through cysteine transformation mechanism in the presence of inflammation and reactive oxygen species, and finally changes from inactive form to active form to play a pathogenic role. Numerous studies have shown that the overexpression and release of MMP-8 can cause common oral diseases, such as dental caries, periodontal tissue damage and peri-implantitis. This article aimed to review the effect of MMP-8 in oral diseases, understand the mechanism of MMP-8,and provided potential targets and therapeutic ideas for the clinical treatment of oral diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This systematic review aims to assess the performance, methodological quality and reporting transparency in prediction models for the dental implant's complications and survival rates. Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases. Peer-reviewed studies that developed prediction models for dental implant's complications and survival rate were included. Two reviewers independently evaluated the risk of bias and reporting quality using the PROBAST and TRIPOD guidelines. The performance of the models were also compared in this study. The review followed the PRISMA guidelines and was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42019122274). Results: The initial screening yielded 1769 publications, from which 14 studies featuring 43 models were selected. Four of the 14 studies predicted peri-implantitis as the most common outcome. Three studies predicted the marginal bone loss, two predicted suppuration of peri-implant tissue. The remaining five models predicted the implant loss, osseointergration or other complication. Common predictors included implant position, length, patient age, and a history of periodontitis. Sixteen models showed good to excellent discrimination (AUROC >0.8), but only three had undergone external validation. A significant number of models lacked model presentation. Most studies had a high or unclear risk of bias, primarily due to methodological limitation. The included studies conformed to 18–27 TRIPOD checklist items. Conclusions: The current prediction models for dental implant complications and survival rate have limited methodological quality and external validity. There is a need for enhanced reliability, generalizability, and clinical applicability in future models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of the present narrative review is to synthesize the available scientific evidence on the effects of submarginal instrumentation with periodontal endoscopy and evaluate its' potential efficacy in terms of the non-surgical therapy of peri-implantitis. Methods: The literature search was performed via electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus, and was supplemented by manual searching. A literature review was conducted addressing the following PICOS questions: (1) What is the efficacy of non-surgical submarginal instrumentation of the implant surface with the aid of a periodontal endoscope in patients with peri-implantitis? (2) What is the efficacy of non-surgical subgingival instrumentation performed with the aid of a periodontal endoscope compared with conventional subgingival instrumentation in patients with periodontitis, in terms of clinical parameters and patient-reported outcomes? Mechanical decontamination of the implant surface is crucial for resolving inflammation and arresting further bone loss. However, there is no consensus on the most effective treatment. Non-surgical therapy remains the initial intervention, focused on biofilm removal to control the disease, although with limited capability to achieve complete disease resolution as the presence of threads and the complex-structured implant surface hinder effective biofilm removal. This evokes the need for providing supporting technologies such as periodontal endoscopy, which enables direct visualization and precision, potentially enhancing the outcomes and reducing the necessity for surgical procedures and their associated risks. Within the limitations of this narrative review, periodontal endoscopy may offer a less tissue-invasive approach. Larger prospective studies and RCTs are needed to confirm these findings and guide clinicians in determining periodontal endoscopy's suitability based on specific case characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Cytokines related to the Th17 response have been associated with peri-implant diseases; however, the effect of peri-implant therapy on their modulation remains underexplored. To evaluate the effect of peri-implant therapy on the expression of cytokines related to the Th17 response in the peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) (GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 (p70), IL-17A, IL-21, IL-23, and TNF-α) of partially edentulous patients with peri-implant disease (PID). Methods: Thirty-seven systemically healthy individuals presenting with peri-implant mucositis (PIM) (n = 20) or peri-implantitis (PI) (n = 17) were treated and evaluated at baseline (T0) and three months after therapy (T1). Clinical parameters (probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index, and bleeding on probing index (BoP), were evaluated. The PIM group underwent non-surgical therapy, while the PI group received a surgical approach. PICF was collected with absorbent paper strips and analyzed with a multiplex assay. Results: Eighty-eight implants were treated in 37 patients (56 in the PIM group and 32 in the PI group). After therapy, significant reductions in PD, CAL, plaque index, and BoP were observed in the PIM group (p < 0.05). In the PI group, significant reductions in PD, CAL, and BoP were noted (p < 0.05). The PIM group showed a significant reduction of IL-17A and TNF-α after therapy, while the PI group showed a significant reduction of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The peri-implant therapy for patients with PID reduced the expression of cytokines related to the Th17 response in PICF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Early detection of peri-implant bone defects can improve long-term durability of dental implants. By the advances in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanners and introduction of new algorithms, it is important to find the most efficient protocol for detection of bone defects. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of metal artifact reduction (MAR) and advanced noise reduction (ANR) algorithms for detection of peri-implant bone defects. Materials and methods: In this in vitro study, 40 titanium implants were placed in 7 sheep mandibles. Crestal, apical, and Full defects (n = 10 from each type) were created around the implants, and 10 implants were also placed as controls. CBCT scans were obtained in four modes: with MAR, with ANR, with both MAR and ANR, and without any filter. Totally, 28 scans were obtained and evaluated by a radiologist and a maxillofacial surgeon. The observers recorded their observations in a checklist, and data were analyzed by SPSS version 21 using the kappa coefficient of agreement, sensitivity and specificity values, area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), intraclass correlation coefficient, t-test and paired t-test (P < 0.05). Results: The inter-observer agreement was high for detection of all defects in all modes except with ANR. No significant difference was found in AUC and diagnostic accuracy of different scan modes (P > 0.05). The most common diagnostic error was related to misdiagnosis of control group with full defect with ANR filter, such that the existing bone was not detected. Defect depth was averagely over-estimated while defect length was under-estimated. Correct diagnosis of defects had the highest frequency when both filters were on. Conclusion: The diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity for detection of different defect types were not significantly different in different scan modes but activation of ANR filter significantly decreased the specificity and positive predictive value compared with no use of filter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effect of an oscillating chitosan brush (OCB) compared with an ultrasonic device with PEEK tip (US‐PEEK) for mechanical implant surface decontamination using an in vitro model combining 3D models and a validated dynamic multispecies biofilm. Materials and Methods: A multispecies biofilm using six bacterial strains (Streptococcus oralis, Veillonella parvula, Actinomyces naeslundii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans) was seeded on dental implants with machined and sandblasted, large‐grit and acid‐etched (SLA) surfaces. These were installed in 3D models depicting peri‐implant defect. Mechanical decontamination was performed for 120 s using either an OCB or a US‐PEEK. A negative control group received no treatment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate the bacterial composition and quantitative PCR (qPCR) analyzed the number of each bacterial species [colony‐forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL)]. Results: Well‐structured biofilms with a dense microbial distribution were observed on the negative control implants after 72 h. qPCR following mechanical decontamination showed a scarce bacterial reduction in the OCB group. The US‐PEEK group exhibited a significant decrease in bacterial species compared to both OCB and control groups (p < 0.05). A biofilm removal effect was also observed in the OCB group for the machined implant surfaces. Conclusion: In vitro assessment using an anatomical 3D model showed that mechanical decontamination effectively reduced biofilm. The US‐PEEK group demonstrated biofilm reduction on the SLA surface, while the OCB group showed a reduction on the machined implant surface. Additionally, the US‐PEEK group demonstrated greater efficacy in reducing bacterial numbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sandblasting and acid etching are common procedures used to treat implant surfaces, enhancing osseointegration and improving clinical success rates. This clinical study aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes of sandblasted and acid-etched implants. A total of 303 implants were placed in 114 partially and totally edentulous patients using a two-stage surgical technique and an early loading protocol (6–8 weeks). Clinical findings for implants and prosthetics were evaluated over a 12-year follow-up period. A total of 12 implants (3.9%) failed, with 3 failures occurring during the healing period before loading and 9 due to peri-implantitis. The cumulative survival rate for all implants was 96.1%. A total of 156 prostheses were placed on 300 implants, 87 single crowns, 45 partial fixed bridges, 9 full-arch fixed restorations, and 15 overdentures. The mean marginal bone loss was 1.18 mm. (SD. 0.64 mm.). Thirty-nine implants (13%) in twenty-four patients exhibited peri-implantitis. Technical complications, including prosthetic screw loosening or fracture, ceramic chipping, and acrylic fractures, were observed in 24 subjects (21.1%). Sandblasted and acid-etched surface implants placed in the maxilla and mandible reported favorable outcomes and stable tissue conditions with an early loading protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early peri-implant disease detection remains difficult. Enamel matrix derivative (EMD), which is used for periodontal tissue regeneration, promotes leukocyte chemotactic factor and adhesion molecule expression in vascular endothelial cells. We hypothesized that stimulating vascular endothelial cells with EMD would induce an inflammatory response in the peri-implant mucosa, enabling early peri-implant infection detection. To verify this hypothesis, we assessed the intercellular adhesion between human alveolar ridge mucosa-derived vascular endothelial cells (ARMEC) stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and EMD and human periodontal ligament-derived vascular endothelial cells (PDLEC). Leukocyte chemotactic factors and cell adhesion molecules were investigated and we established an experimental model of peri-implant disease by stimulating ARMEC (representing the peri-implant mucosa) with Porphyromonas gingivalis-derived LPS. ARMEC and PDLEC were obtained from patients (n = 6) who visited the Nippon Dental University Niigata Hospital. The cells were divided into four subcategories, each cultured with: LPS (1 µg/mL), EMD (100 µg/mL), LPS + EMD, and pure medium. Cell viability, leukocyte chemotactic factor (interleukin-8: IL-8), adhesion molecules (intercellular adhesion molecule-1: ICAM-1), tight junction protein gene expression (zonula occludens-1: ZO-1 and Occludin), and transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) was then determined. LPS reduced ARMEC viability, whereas simultaneous stimulation with EMD improved it. LPS and EMD stimulation enhanced IL-8 and ICAM-1 gene expression, suppressed TEER, and decreased ZO-1 and Occludin expression levels compared to that with stimulation with LPS alone. EMD stimulates leukocyte migration, increase vascular permeability, and trigger an immune response in the peri-implant mucosa, thus facilitating the early detection and treatment of peri-implant disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rare Metals is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Peri-implantitis is implant-associated inflammation that leads to irreversible loss of surrounding bone. Early diagnosis increases the success of peri-implantitis treatment. Despite various studies associated with this most common complication, early detection of the onset of peri-implantitis remains a major challenge. Molecular biomarkers are applicable detectors for the early detection of numerous diseases and monitoring their development. The present study aimed to predict interactome networks of up/down regulated proteins and analyze drug-gene interaction in peri-implantitis to identify the diagnostic and druggable genes. Materials and Methods: In this in silico study, a suitable gene expression profile related to peri-implantitis was retrieved from Gene Expression Omnibus. Screening differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was carried out based on the cut-off criteria |log2 (fold change)|>2 and P < 0.05. Interactome networks were constructed and analyzed by the STRING database (Version: 12.0) and the Cytoscape software (version: 3.9.1). Finally, to investigate drug-gene interaction, detected hub genes were analyzed by DGIdb (version: 5.0.6). Results: A total of 216 genes were identified as DEGs (129 down-regulated and 87 up-regulated genes) in peri-implantitis. Regarding Cytoscape analysis, FCGR3B, CSF3R, AQP9, TREM1, and P2RY13 were the top 5 hub nodes of up-regulated DEGs, and CXCL10, OASL, IFIT1, RSAD2, and ISG15 were the top 5 hub nodes of down-regulated DEGs. Among these key nods, AQP9, CSF3R, CXCL10, IFIT1, ISG15, OASL, and, FCGR3B were therapeutic targets and had approved drugs. Conclusion: In this research, seven genes have been identified as druggable genes in peri-implantitis which can be used to treat and diagnose this disease. However, these results and identified genes need to be validated by clinical or experimental methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of dental implants has significantly advanced due to technological innovations aimed at improving their performance and patient outcomes. This work presents key factors influencing the success of dental implants, including osseointegration, which is the direct connection between living bone and the implant surface, and the various surface modifications that enhance this process. This review highlights the importance of surface roughness, chemical composition, and the use of bioactive coatings to promote better integration with surrounding bone tissue. Innovations such as nanotechnology, 3D printing, and smart surfaces are paving the way for more effective and personalized dental implant solutions. This review underscores the importance of ongoing research and development to improve success rates, enhance patient comfort, and reduce healing times. It focuses on creating cost-effective, reliable methods that integrate multiple functions, such as combining antibacterial and osteoconductive properties to improve overall implant performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Dental implants are a reliable solution for replacing missing teeth and restoring oral health. Despite their high survival rates, complications such as peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis remain common challenges. This underscores the importance of assessing implant success not only in terms of stability but also by preserving healthy peri-implant tissues. The review consolidates recent findings on the peri-implant microbiome and examine its relationship with the dental microbiome under both healthy and diseased conditions. Methods: For the present review a search was conducted on PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. Results: Modern microbial identification techniques have uncovered new species previously unknown or not considered in the context of periodontal infection. It is now understood that the peri-implant biofilm, both in health and disease, is not as similar to that on teeth as previously thought. The implant biofilm is directly influenced by the implant material, the implant-abutment connection, the implant surface, as well as the biofilm present in the patient’s mouth. Conclusion: The submucosal microbiota of peri-implantitis lesions has not been extensively studied using culture-independent techniques and our understanding of the microbial profile associated with peri-implantitis remains incomplete.

The oral microbiome comprises over 700 distinct species, forming complex biofilms essential for maintaining oral and systemic health. When the microbial homeostasis in the periodontium is disrupted, pathogens within the biofilm can cause periodontitis and peri-implantitis, inducing host immune responses. Understanding the role of microbial communities and the immune mechanisms in oral health and disease is crucial for developing improved preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. However, many questions remain about how changes in bacterial populations contribute to the development and progression of these conditions. An electronic and manual literature search was conducted using PubMed, Excerpta Medica, Frontiers Reports and the Wiley Online Library databases for relevant articles. Data from these publications were extracted and the overall findings were summarized in a narrative manner. The variations in microbial communities and immune responses of periodontitis and peri-implantitis are explored. Dysbiosis of the subgingival microbiome—characterized by an increase in pathogenic bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans—plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of periodontitis. As for peri-implantitis, alterations include a higher abundance of opportunistic pathogens and reduced microbial diversity around implants. Moreover, oral dysbiosis potentially influencing systemic health through immune-mediated pathways. Regional immunity of periodontium involving neutrophils, T helper cells-17, and immune-related cytokines is crucial for maintaining periodontal homeostasis and responding to microbial imbalances. Additionally, the impact of non-mechanical treatments—such as probiotics and laser therapy—on the oral microbiome is discussed, demonstrating their potential in managing microbial dysbiosis. These findings underscore that bacterial dysbiosis is a central factor in the development of periodontitis and peri-implantitis. Maintaining microbial balance is essential for preventing these diseases, and interventions targeting the microbiome could enhance treatment outcomes. Strategies focusing on controlling pathogenic bacteria, modulating immune responses, and promoting tissue regeneration are key to restoring periodontal stability. Further research is needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying the transition from peri-implant mucositis to peri-implantitis and to optimize prevention and treatment approaches, considering the complex interactions between the microbiome and host immunity.

Aims: Little attention has been paid to patients’ perception of function and esthetics with single dental implants. The aim of this study was therefore to describe patient-reported function and esthetic outcomes in single dental implants. A second aim was to study the objective esthetics in single dental implants. Material and methods: Patients with one single dental implant in the esthetic zone were selected. Two questionnaires with visual analog scales (VAS) were filled in by the patients, and intraoral photographs were taken. One of the questionnaires related to satisfaction with cleaning and function, and the other involved the esthetics of the single dental implant. One dentist reviewed the photographs using the pink esthetic score/white esthetic score (PES/WES) index. Results: For chewing and for speaking, the scores were 8.8 and 9.9 respectively on a VAS (best 10). The overall esthetic score on a VAS was 8.6 (best 10). The PES/WES in the present study was 14.6 (standard deviation [SD] ± 1.9), and 3/45 (6.7%) of the single dental implants never reached clinical acceptability. Conclusions: Patients reported high satisfaction with both the function and the esthetics of single dental implants. Both subjectively and objectively, the peri-implant mucosa was less favorable compared with the crown.

The combination of hydrophilic arginine residues and hydrophobic tryptophan residues is considered to be the first choice for designing short-chain antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) due to their potent antibacterial activity. Based on this, we designed an arginine- and tryptophan-rich short peptide, VR-12. Peri-implantitis is a significant microbial inflammatory disorder characterized by the inflammation of the soft tissues surrounding an implant, which ultimately leads to the progressive resorption of the alveolar bone. This study found through antibacterial experiments, wound healing promotion experiments, and anti-inflammatory experiments that VR-12 inhibited and killed planktonic peri-implantitis-associated bacteria, inhibited biofilm formation, and disrupted mature biofilms. Additionally, VR-12 exhibited good biocompatibility with RAW264.7 cells and human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) cells, promoting proliferation of both cell types. Moreover, VR-12 induced HGFs migration by promoting expression of migration-related factors, thereby promoting soft tissue healing. VR-12 also acted on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells, exerting excellent anti-inflammatory properties by affecting the secretion/expression of inflammation-related factors/genes. Therefore, VR-12 may be a good option for both warding off and treatmenting peri-implantitis.

The article "Effect of Supportive Peri-implant Care After Treatment of Peri-implant Diseases: A Systematic Review" explores the impact of supportive peri-implant care (SPIC) on peri-implant tissue health and disease recurrence post-treatment of peri-implant diseases. The review included 8 studies with 288 patients and 512 implants diagnosed with peri-implantitis, showing that disease recurrence tends to increase over time after treatment, with a range of 23.3% to 90.3% absence of disease recurrence at the final follow-up period. The study suggests that regardless of SPIC interval and protocol, additional interventions may be needed as disease recurrence rates rise over time. [Extracted from the article]

Here, we announce the complete genome sequence of Veillonella parvula strain PK1910, obtained from a frozen stock. The genome is composed of one closed contig with a length of 2,213,486 bp, resulting in 98.0× coverage containing 1,979 protein-coding genes, with a GC content of 38.74%.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the antibacterial efficacy of nanostructured dental implant surfaces against Porphyromonas gingivalis, a crucial bacterium in the progression of peri-implantitis. Additionally, to evaluate the possible effect of the modified implant surface on the viability of human gingival fibroblasts (HGnFs)., Method and Materials: As detailed in prior research, helium ions sputtering was used to produce nanospiked titanium surfaces with a height of 1000 nm (Ti1000). Smooth machined (Ti machined) and SLA titanium disks (TiSLA) served as controls. The antibacterial characteristics of the samples against P. gingivalis were evaluated by conventional culturing and SEM. The vitality of HGnFs was assessed using the MTT assay., Results: Generally, nanostructured Ti1000 surfaces exhibited less bacterial counts than the two controls (Ti1000 vs TiSLA -36% and Ti1000 vs Ti machined -37%.) without being statistically significant. Moreover, the nanosurface did not affect the vitality of HGnFs., Conclusion: The nanospikes of the modified titanium implant surface did not hinder gingival fibroblasts' vitality or proliferation characteristics. Optimizing the spacing and height parameters of the nanospikes could further improve the antibacterial effects of this unique re-modification approach.

This systematic review examines the decontamination techniques used to clean titanium (Ti) implant surfaces covered with in vitro bacterial biofilms. The selected studies were gathered from the PubMed and Web of Science databases. These include in vitro studies investigating decontamination methods used to clean Ti implant surfaces coated with bacterial biofilms until January 2024. The determined studies were filtered according to the PRISMA guidelines, and the Science in Risk Assessment and Policy (SciRAP) was used to assess the reporting and methodological quality of the included studies. A total of 634 full-length peer-reviewed articles were identified. After excluding duplicate papers between the databases and screening according to the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 13 studies were included. The decontamination methods investigated included mechanical, chemical, and physical methods, either as a single or in a combined approach. Significant variability was observed among the included studies. Combining the mechanical and physical methods with a chemical yielded the most significant reduction in both single- and multiple-species biofilms. The current results do not indicate that any single decontamination technique is more effective than others in eradicating bacterial biofilm from Ti surfaces; the combined approach was more advantageous than the single ones., (© 2025 Scandinavian Division of the International Association for Dental Research. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) has been used as a diagnostic method to measure implant stability at all stages of healing. In addition to evaluating the status of the peri-implant marginal bone, it can also indicate the most appropriate time to load the implant. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of RFA as a diagnostic method for the detection of peri-implant marginal bone loss (MBL). Forty bone-level Klockner Vega implants were placed in a polyurethane block with elastic properties similar to those of the maxillary bone. The insertion torque and primary implant stability at the time of placement were measured using an RFA device. A circumferential peri-implant defect was created by removing the cortical bone portion in each implant using a trephine. The stability values were measured again using RFA. The stability values measured using RFA were lower after the creation of the circumferential peri-implant defect, indicating a statistically significant decrease in implant stability. The results of the study tend to show a relationship between peri-implant marginal bone loss and modifications in implant stability measured by RFA.

Aim: To study the differential presence of amyloid-β and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in freshly extracted titanium implants, either affected by peri-implantitis (PI) or explanted by other causes, and to address a method for removal LPS and amyloid-β from contaminated surfaces., Methods: Twenty-four explanted implants were harvested from patients with (n = 12) or without (n = 12) peri-implantitis, and their surfaces were analyzed by attenuated total reflectance (ATR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to localize amyloid-β and LPS. Presence of amyloid-β on the implants surfaces was further analyzed by light microscopy after specific amyloid staining with Congo red. Titanium discs were contaminated with LPS and amyloid-β, these discs as well as six contaminated implants were treated with 0.25% NaOCl to assess its decontamination ability., Results: LPS and amyloid-β were observed at PI affected implant surfaces, but not in implants extracted by other causes. 0.25% NaOCl application was an efficient method for removing LPS and amyloid-β from titanium surfaces., Conclusions: The concurrent presence of LPS and amyloid-β on the surface of implants affected by PI was demonstrated and it may act as potential comediators of PI inflammatory process. Eliminating these products from implants surfaces is possible after a proteolytic agent (0.25% NaOCl) application., (© 2025 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Peri-implantitis represents an inflammatory condition characterized by the presence of plaque-related soft and hard tissue damage surrounding dental implants, often resulting in progressive alveolar bone loss and, ultimately, implant failure. Black phosphorus (BP), a novel two-dimensional (2D) material that has recently emerged in the biomedical field, has attracted increasing attention due to its unique osteogenic properties and exceptional antibacterial and antioxidant characteristics. Additionally, its outstanding biomedical attributes enhance angiogenesis and nerve regeneration. Compared to other biomaterials, its high specific surface area, high photothermal conversion efficiency, and complete biodegradability make BP a promising candidate for treating infection-related bone defects. This article reviews the biological properties of BP nanosheets (BPNS) and discusses their potential applications in the context of peri-implantitis, aiming to provide fresh insights for future research and applications of BPNS., (© 2025 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.)

Silica hybrid sol-gel coatings represent an interesting approach to bioactivate dental implants. Boron is known for its osteogenic, angiogenic and antibacterial functions in biomedical applications. This study describes the synthesis of a novel borosilicate hybrid sol-gel coating using a mixture of methyltrimethoxysilane, tetraethyl orthosilicate and trimethyl borate (TMB). Coatings with different amounts of boron were obtained, and their physiochemical properties were examined; in vitro tests with human osteoblasts and macrophages (THP-1) were carried out. The effects of these materials on bacteria viability were evaluated using Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The human serum proteins adsorbed onto the coatings were analysed employing proteomic techniques. To synthesise the new materials, the appropriate sol-gel reactions were developed; boron was integrated into the silica network, and well-adhering coatings were obtained. These borosilicate coatings were non-cytotoxic, displayed osteogenic potential, and upregulated adsorption of proteins related to bone regeneration (IGF2, ALS and APOE). Boron upregulated the expression of TNF-α, INFg and TGF-β and increased the TNF-α and TGF-β cytokine production in THP-1. Moreover, the addition of boron caused downregulation of NOX2 expression. Proteomic analysis revealed that boron-doping reduced the adsorption of immunoglobulins and complement system proteins. It also caused an increase in the levels of apolipoproteins, antioxidant proteins and serum amyloid A proteins, which was in agreement with in vitro results. The coatings with 10 and 20 % TMB displayed antibacterial effect against S. aureus. The results of this study will enhance our comprehension of interactions between boron-containing biomaterials and biological systems., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the combined effect of trans-mucosal abutment height (TmAH) and restorative emergence angle (REA) on marginal bone loss (MBL) around bone-level implants., Methods: Implant radiographs 12-18 months after crown placement (T0) and at least one year later (T1) were retrospectively analyzed. Sites were separated into four groups: Long/Narrow-Angle (LN) with TmAH > 2 mm and REA < 30°, Long/Wide-Angle (LW) with TmAH > 2 mm and REA ≥ 30°, Short/Narrow-Angle (SN) with TmAH < 2 mm and REA < 30°, and Short/Wide-Angle (SW) with TmAH < 2 mm and REA ≥ 30°. MBL was calculated, and multiple linear regression analysis was performed to control for patient-level and implant/prosthesis-level factors., Results: 192 implants pertaining to 119 patients were included. Group significantly influenced MBL experience (p < 0.001). Group SW experienced on average 0.48 mm (95% CI: 0.25-0.71, p < 0.001), 0.43 mm (95% CI: 0.18-0.68, p = 0.001), and 0.25 mm (95% CI: 0.00-0.45, p = 0.013) greater MBL compared to Groups LN, LW, and SN, respectively. Group was also a significant factor impacting the development of peri-implantitis (p = 0.041), with Group SW displaying a roughly 4× greater likelihood of having peri-implantitis (PI) diagnosed compared to Groups LN (OR: 4.04; p = 0.091) and LW (OR: 4.19; p = 0.013). Every 1 mm increase in TmAH significantly decreased the likelihood of MBL > 0 mm (OR = 0.63; p = 0.003)., Conclusions: Abutment height > 2 mm may play a role in reducing PI and MBL related to ≥ 30° REA around bone-level implants. REA was found to only be a significant factor when TmAH is less than 2 mm., (© 2025 The Author(s). Clinical Oral Implants Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

In clinical practice, mini-screws of titanium-6-aluminum-4-vanadium alloy with an extra low interstitial (ELI) grade (Ti-6Al-4V ELI) are widely used as orthodontic anchorages. However, in orthodontic treatment, Ti-6Al-4V mini-screw failure because of peri-implantitis is a major challenge. To prevent damage caused by peri-implantitis, we developed a novel Ti-6Al-4V disc/screw coated with poly(lactide- co -glycolide) incorporating fisetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid with anti-inflammatory and antiosteoclastogenic/osteogenic properties. Sustained fisetin release from the Ti-6Al-4V disc and its anti-inflammatory and antiosteoclastogenic/osteogenic differentiation properties were demonstrated using in vitro cell culture experiment. In addition, in a rat model of peri-implantitis, sustained fisetin release from the Ti-6Al-4V screw suppressed inflammation progression, reduced alveolar bone resorption, and stabilized screw movement. These findings highlight sustained fisetin-release Ti-6Al-4V screws as a promising strategy for enhancing orthodontic mini-screw stability and success through peri-implantitis prevention.

Objectives: In vitro analysis of the influence of vertical peri-implant soft tissue thickness (STT) on nonsurgical and surgical implant surface decontamination efficacy., Material and Methods: A total of 360 implants were dipped in indelible color to imitate biofilm contamination, distributed to 30°, 60° or 90° angulated bone defect models and in subgroups of 40 assigned to a decontamination method (CUR: curette; SOSC: soundscaler; APA: air powder abrasion). Of these, 20 were subjected to a simulated STT of 1.5 or 3.0 mm, of which 10 were cleaned within a nonsurgical (NST) or surgical (ST) treatment. Uncleaned implant surface was determined by photographs. Surface changes were assessed using scanning electron micrographs (SEM)., Results: The overall cleaning efficacy decreased significantly (APA > SOSC > CUR, p < 0.001). Cleaning efficacy failed to show a significant difference between both STTs (STT1.5: 63.68%, STT3.0: 63.26%; p = 0.877). Within respective STT, cleaning efficacy differed depending on the method and the approach (STT1.5: CUR: p = 0.169, SOSC: p = 0.004, APA: p < 0.001; STT3.0: CUR p < 0.001, SOSC: p < 0.001, APA: p < 0.001; STT1.5/NST, CUR: 82.34%, SOSC: 74.98%, APA: 93.60%; STT1.5/ST, CUR: 79.85%, SOSC: 65.37%, APA: 50.12%; STT3.0/NST, CUR: 83.19%, SOSC: 70.85%, APA: 92.31%; STT3.0/ST, CUR: 80.00%, SOSC: 64.61%, APA: 46.49%). Analysis of variance revealed significant associations of color remnants with the approach, the method used, and the defect angulation (p < 0.001). SEMs showed less surface damages after use of APA., Conclusions: In this In Vitro study no statistically significant influence of STT on the efficacy of surface decontamination could be detected. Treatment method, defect angle and approach were confirmed as predictors for the cleaning efficacy., (© 2025 The Author(s). Clinical Oral Implants Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a statistical tool that condenses the information contained in a large group of independent variables to a more manageable number of variables. This is useful when performing an analysis on data sets with a large number of variables. PCA restructures the original independent variables into new variables called principal components that maximize the information present in the data. The principal components then act as a substitute for the independent variables in an analysis. The purpose of this article is to present PCA in an understandable way for researchers without advanced statistical and mathematical backgrounds. To solidify the comprehension of the process and provide a template for researchers, we present an extended step-by-step example of PCA in use on a fictitious peri-implantitis data set.

Background: Peri-implantitis is characterized as a pathological change in the tissues around dental implants. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) provides molecular information from optical phenomena observed by the vibration of molecules, which is used in biological studies to characterize changes and serves as a form of diagnosis., Aims: this case-control study evaluated the peri-implant disease by using FTIR spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance in the fingerprint region., Methods: 38 saliva samples were evaluated, 17 from the control group and 21 from the peri-implantitis group. Clinical data such as plaque index (PI), gingival index, probing depth (PS), and attachment level were assessed., Results: The results of clinical parameters showed a statistical difference between the two groups regarding an excess of the PI. In the FTIR-ATR analysis, the main components revealed vibrational modes of fatty acids, histidine, lipid esters, nucleic acids, and tryptophan, with the main molecules contributing to spectral discrimination. The five-component partial least-squares discriminant analysis classification model had an accuracy of 81%, showing differences between healthy and diseased implants., Conclusion: the FTIR spectroscopy provides important molecular characteristics of the samples and the results in association with clinical data show the effectiveness of using this tool for diagnosing the disease.