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Introducción: las actividades de la vida diaria avanzadas (AVD-A) son un importante indicador del estado funcional adulto y del envejecimiento activo. Sin embargo, pocos estudios investigaron la influencia de dos atributos de personalidad (apertura a nuevas experiencias y resiliencia) sobre las AVD-A y hasta donde se tiene conocimiento no hay datos en contexto argentino. Se analizó la relación de AVD-A con apertura y resiliencia, y secundariamente se examinó la relación entre apertura y resiliencia. Materiales y métodos: fueron evaluados 151 argentinos (Medad = 66) con la Escala de Actividades Expansivas de la Vida Diaria, el Inventario de Personalidad IPIP-NEO y la Escala Breve de Afrontamiento Resiliente. Se efectuaron correlaciones parciales y regresión, controlando por edad y educación. Resultados: se hallaron correlaciones significativas (moderadas) entre todas las variables de interés: apertura, resiliencia y AVD-A. Las medidas de resiliencia, apertura y educación explicaron el 21 % de la varianza del score de AVD-A. La resiliencia fue la variable que más influyó sobre las AVD-A. Conclusión: una personalidad con más resiliencia y apertura está asociada a mayor realización de AVD‑A en argentinos ≥ 50 años. Se sugiere al Estado argentino implementar políticas públicas que promuevan la actividad recreativa e integración social en mediana y tercera edad.

Este artículo revisa los significados y funciones escolares y sociales que los maestros y catedráticos de educación secundaria y superior de México le atribuían al concepto de aprovechamiento para calificar la transmisión de los saberes, de 1824 a 1867. La temática es importante porque muestra la conformación de una cultura escolar, la cual dio origen a la evaluación educativa actual. Para ello se realiza un análisis minucioso de la prensa periódica y se revisan los significados, los usos y los cambios a través del tiempo. Se concluye que, si bien el aprovechamiento servía como criterio para calificar la transmisión de los saberes, pues estuvo relacionado con los procesos de seriación de los estudios, con el dilema sobre la cantidad de alumnos aprovechados y otros procesos internos de las instituciones, en la práctica era más importante la retórica sobre su función social, pues daba cuenta de las maneras de inserción de los alumnos en las instituciones educativas y, sobre todo en la sociedad jerarquizada de la época.

Santolina chamaecyparissus L. (cotton-lavender) is receiving increasing attention due to its potential for modern medicine and is considered both a functional food and nutraceutical. In this work, the phytochemical profile of its flower hydromethanolic extract was investigated by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and its applications as a biorational for crop protection were explored against Neocosmospora spp., both in vitro and in planta. The phytochemical profiling analysis identified several terpene groups. Among sesquiterpenoids, which constituted the major fraction (50.4%), compounds featuring cedrane skeleton (8-cedren-13-ol), aromadendrene skeleton (such as (−)-spathulenol, ledol, alloaromadendrene oxide, epiglobulol, and alloaromadendrene), hydroazulene skeleton (ledene oxide, isoledene, and 1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydro-2,2,8-trimethyl-,(3aα,8β,8aα)-5,6-azulenedimethanol), or copaane skeleton (cis-α-copaene-8-ol) were predominant. Additional sesquiterpenoids included longiborneol and longifolene. The monoterpenoid fraction (1.51%) was represented by eucalyptol, (+)-4-carene, endoborneol, and 7-norbornenol. In vitro tests against N. falciformis and N. keratoplastica, two emerging soil phytopathogens, resulted in effective concentration EC90 values of 984.4 and 728.6 μg·mL−1, respectively. A higher dose (3000 μg·mL−1) was nonetheless required to achieve full protection in the in planta tests conducted on zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) cv. ‘Diamant F1’ and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cv. ‘Optima F1’ plants inoculated with N. falciformis by root dipping. The reported data indicate an antimicrobial activity comparable to that of fosetyl-Al and higher than that of azoxystrobin conventional fungicides, thus making the flower extract a promising bioactive product for organic farming and expanding S. chamaecyparissus potential applications.

Rice, wheat, and maize grains are staple foods, widely consumed for their mineral and nutritional values. However, they can accumulate toxic elements from contaminated soils, posing health risks. This study investigates the bioaccumulation patterns of 52 elements (including nutrients, heavy metals, and rare earth elements) in various parts (grain, husk, straw, and root) of cereals grown in a heavily polluted region. The results revealed that rice grains exhibited a higher accumulation (Σ33.4 mg/kg) of toxic elements (As, Cu, Cr, Ni, and Pb) than wheat (Σ26.6 mg/kg) and maize (Σ16.2 mg/kg) grains, with the high-yield RI64 cultivar (Σ47.0 mg/kg) being the most susceptible. Across the rice plant, accumulation increased in the order of grain < husk < straw < root. Elements like P, K, Cu, and Zn showed the highest enrichment. Worryingly, the most toxic elements, such as As, Pb, and Cd, exceeded permissible limits across grains, straws, and husks. Health risk assessment indicated that wheat and maize pose greater non-cancer and cancer risks than rice. Despite being grown in a highly contaminated region, the study identifies some rice cultivars like Luchai and Sarna as relatively safer options due to a lower accumulation of toxic elements.

Rising soil salinity poses a significant challenge to hazelnut cultivation, particularly in Mediterranean regions, where the increasing use of low-quality irrigation water necessitates the identification of salt-tolerant cultivars for sustainable production. This study investigated the salt tolerance mechanisms in four hazelnut cultivars (Barcelona, Tonda di Giffoni, Tonda Gentile Romana, and Yamhill) exposed to varying NaCl concentrations (0, 25, 50, and 75 mM) over five months. This research assessed their morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses through an analysis of their growth parameters, photosynthetic efficiency, visual symptoms, and ion content. The results revealed significant genotypic variation in their salt tolerance mechanisms. Tonda di Giffoni demonstrated superior salt tolerance, maintaining a higher photosynthetic efficiency and better ion balance, particularly in K⁺/Na⁺ and Ca2⁺/Na⁺ ratios. Barcelona showed moderate tolerance at lower salinity levels but declined sharply under higher stress. Yamhill exhibited a strong survival capacity despite its poor photosynthetic performance, while Tonda Gentile Romana proved most sensitive to salinity stress. All the cultivars showed a significant biomass reduction, with their fresh and dry weights decreasing by over 80% at 75 mM NaCl. Leaf chloride concentrations dramatically increased, reaching levels 481% higher than those in the control conditions. This study identifies Tonda di Giffoni as the most suitable cultivar for moderately saline conditions and provides insights into hazelnut salt tolerance mechanisms, contributing valuable information for breeding programs and cultivation strategies in salt-affected regions.