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Considering the importance of combustion diagnosis in industrial manufacturing and many fields, efficient, quick, and real-time multidimensional reconstruction is necessary and indispensable. Hence, focusing on the combustion field dynamic and multi-dimensional reconstruction, a modified U-ConvLSTM model was proposed to combine with the TDLAS method to resolve the real-time reconstruction and short prediction. By dividing the combustion field into space and time slices, we used discretized spatiotemporal slices to complete the 2-D distribution reconstruction and then expanded them into higher dimensions. The simulation results demonstrate that our design can effectively reconstruct different 2-D distributions, achieving a reconstruction error of less than 5%. Three-step predictions also performed well, a PSNR no less than 30 dB, and an SSIM no less than 0.75. In general, our multidimensional combustion field reconstruction method, based on the spatiotemporal discretization U-ConvLSTM model, can enhance the accuracy of combustion field reconstruction and provide short-term predictions. This work will contribute to closed-loop control in industrial fields.

Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) technology, combined with chromatographic imaging algorithms, is commonly used for two-dimensional temperature and concentration measurements in combustion fields. However, obtaining critical temperature information from limited detection data is a challenging task in practical engineering applications due to the difficulty of deploying sufficient detection equipment and the lack of sufficient data to invert temperature and other distributions in the combustion field. Therefore, we propose a sparse projection multi-view synthesis model based on U-Net that incorporates the sequence learning properties of gated recurrent unit (GRU) and the generalization ability of residual networks, called GMResUNet. The datasets used for training all contain projection data with different degrees of sparsity. This study shows that the synthesized full projection data had an average relative error of 0.35%, a PSNR of 40.726, and a SSIM of 0.997 at a projection angle of 4. At projection angles of 2, 8, and 16, the average relative errors of the synthesized full projection data were 0.96%, 0.19%, and 0.18%, respectively. The temperature field reconstruction was performed separately for sparse and synthetic projections, showing that the application of the model can significantly improve the reconstruction accuracy of the temperature field of high-energy combustion.

The therapeutic efficacy of peptide‐based drugs is commonly hampered by the intrinsic propensity to aggregation. A notable example is human calcitonin (hCT), a peptide hormone comprising 32 amino acids, which is synthesized and secreted by thyroid gland parafollicular cells (C cells). This hormone plays a vital role in regulating blood calcium levels and upholding bone integrity. Despite its physiological importance, utilizing hCT as a drug is hampered by its inclination to form amyloid. To address this limitation, an alternative is provided by salmon calcitonin (sCT), which possesses a lower aggregation propensity. Although sharing the same disulfide bond at the N terminus as hCT, sCT differs from hCT at a total of 16 amino acid positions. However, due to the dissimilarity in sequences, using sCT as a clinical replacement occasionally results in adverse side effects in patients. Earlier investigations have highlighted the significant roles of Tyr‐12 and Asn‐17 in inducing the formation of amyloid fibrils. By introducing double mutations at these sites, the ability to hinder aggregation can be significantly augmented. This study delves into the oligomerization and helical structure formation of the hCT double mutant (Y12LN17H hCT, noted as DM hCT), as well as two single mutants (Y12L and N17H), aiming to elucidate the mechanism behind hCT fibrillization. In addition, computational prediction tools were employed again to identify potential substitutes. Although the results yielded were not entirely satisfactory, a comparison between the newly examined and previously found hCT double mutants provides insights into the reduced aggregation propensity of the latter. This research endeavor holds the promise of informing the design of more effective therapeutic peptide drugs in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymeric assemblies have emerged as a kind of promising platform in biomedical fields. The strong potency of polyphenols to form versatile interactions with other small or polymeric molecules via covalent and noncovalent linkages enables polyphenols to serve as molecular glues, offering a magic driving force to assemble multiple functional molecules into a diversity of polyphenol‐based systems, such as nanoparticles and hydrogels. Due to the unique merits of anti‐tumor, anti‐bacterial, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and cardioprotective properties of polyphenols, polyphenol‐based systems hold great promise to deal with a wide spectrum of diseases. This review comprehensively overviews the components, intermolecular interactions, and preparation methods implicated in the assembly of polyphenol‐based systems. In addition, their medical applications are introduced, particularly the treatments of various diseases, such as tumors, bacterial infections, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), chronic periodontitis, acute lung injury, osteoarthritis, and renal fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Approximately 7% of the males exhibit reduced fertility; however, the regulatory genes and pathways involved remain largely unknown. TBC1 domain family member 21 (TBC1D21) contains a conserved RabGAP catalytic domain that induces GDP/GTP exchange to inactivate Rabs by interacting with microtubules. We previously reported that Tbc1d21-null mice exhibit severe sperm tail defects with a disrupted axoneme, and that TBC1D21 interacts with RAB10. However, the pathological mechanisms underlying the Tbc1d21 loss-induced sperm tail defects remain unknown., Results: Murine sperm from wild-type and Tbc1d21-null mice were comparatively analyzed using proteomic assays. Over 1600 proteins were identified, of which 15 were significantly up-regulated in Tbc1d21-null sperm. Notably, several tektin (TEKT) family proteins, belonging to a type of intermediate filament critical for stabilizing the microtubular structure of cilia and flagella, were significantly up-regulated in Tbc1d21 -/- sperm. We also found that TBC1D21 interacts with TEKT1. In addition, TEKT1 co-localized with RAB10 during sperm tail formation. Finally, we found Tbc1d21-null sperm exhibited abnormal accumulation of TEKT1 in the midpiece region, accompanied by disrupted axonemal structures., Conclusions: These results reveal that TBC1D21 modulates TEKTs protein localization in the axonemal transport system during sperm tail formation., (© 2024 American Association for Anatomy.)

This study aims to investigate the mitigating effect and mechanism of Cichorium glandulosum n-butanol extraction site(CGE) on the disease in carbon tetrachloride(CCl_4)-induced chronic liver injury model in rats. A chronic liver injury model was constructed by subcutaneous injection of CCl_4 olive oil solution, and after four weeks of CGE treatment, serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), alkaline phosphatase(AKP), hydroxyproline(HYP), interleukin-4(IL-4), interleukin-6(IL-6), malondialdehyde(MDA), superoxide dismutase(SOD), and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) were detected. Liver tissue was processed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining and Masson staining to observe the structure of the rat liver. qPCR and Western blot were used to examine the expression of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)/small mothers against decapentaplegic(Smad), Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4), α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA), and fibronectin(Fn) in rat liver tissue and hepatic stellate-T6(HSC-T6) and evaluate the inhibitory effect of CGE on HSC activation. The results showed that CGE could significantly reduce the serum levels of AST, ALT, AKP, HYP, and affect the levels of related inflammatory indexes including IL-4, IL-6, and TNF-α, and MDA in CCl_4-induced chronic liver injury in rats and had no effect on SOD activity, which could delay the process of liver injury, alleviate the hepatic collagen deposition and inflammatory infiltration, and had significant efficacy in mitigating chronic liver injury in rats. CGE could inhibit α-SMA and TLR4 protein expression in the liver tissue and reverse the increased TGF-β1/Smad, Fn, and TLR4-related expression in HSC-T6 in vitro. The above results indicated that CGE exerted hepatoprotective effects in rats by inhibiting HSC activation and alleviated CCl_4-induced chronic liver injury in rats and could ameliorate inflammatory response and slight liver fibrosis in rat liver tissue. Its pharmacodynamic mechanism might be related to TGF-β1/Smad and TLR4-related expression.

The therapeutic efficacy of peptide-based drugs is commonly hampered by the intrinsic propensity to aggregation. A notable example is human calcitonin (hCT), a peptide hormone comprising 32 amino acids, which is synthesized and secreted by thyroid gland parafollicular cells (C cells). This hormone plays a vital role in regulating blood calcium levels and upholding bone integrity. Despite its physiological importance, utilizing hCT as a drug is hampered by its inclination to form amyloid. To address this limitation, an alternative is provided by salmon calcitonin (sCT), which possesses a lower aggregation propensity. Although sharing the same disulfide bond at the N terminus as hCT, sCT differs from hCT at a total of 16 amino acid positions. However, due to the dissimilarity in sequences, using sCT as a clinical replacement occasionally results in adverse side effects in patients. Earlier investigations have highlighted the significant roles of Tyr-12 and Asn-17 in inducing the formation of amyloid fibrils. By introducing double mutations at these sites, the ability to hinder aggregation can be significantly augmented. This study delves into the oligomerization and helical structure formation of the hCT double mutant (Y12LN17H hCT, noted as DM hCT), as well as two single mutants (Y12L and N17H), aiming to elucidate the mechanism behind hCT fibrillization. In addition, computational prediction tools were employed again to identify potential substitutes. Although the results yielded were not entirely satisfactory, a comparison between the newly examined and previously found hCT double mutants provides insights into the reduced aggregation propensity of the latter. This research endeavor holds the promise of informing the design of more effective therapeutic peptide drugs in the future., (© 2024 The Protein Society.)