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As a consequence of the excessive release of harmful gases (chlorofluorocarbons) by industries, thermal power plants, and vehicles, global warming has become a pressing issue. To mitigate the impact of global warming on our planet, there is a global shift towards green energy. Green energy refers to the energy generated from sources such as solar, wind, small hydro, biomass, etc. However, these sources are intermittent and unpredictable, making it challenging for the existing systems to provide a continuous power supply. To address this issue, extensive research has been conducted on renewable energy resources, leading to the development of hybrid microgrid system configurations. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of microgrids in India, highlighting their functional benefits, current renewable energy statistics globally and in India, climatic challenges, as well as the targets set by the world and India for harnessing renewable energy potential.

An imaginative multilevel inverter topology is presented with the intent of deploy few series connected switches, ameliorate modularity and derogatory voltage stress collate to unremarkable topologies which is published in literature [1] and [2]. This paper mainly focuses on symmetrical configuration. Modified sinusoidal pulse width modulation (MSPWM) technique is developed in this paper with less number of carrier requirement compared to traditional sinusoidal pulse width modulation. This generalized structure and MSPWM technique will give the advantage of less cost of device, compact size.

Power generation from Photovoltaic (PV) modules is the best way to utilize the renewable energy in many places. The output of the PV modules will depends on many factors including changes in solar irradiance, temperature, partial shading conditions, operating voltage across terminals of module etc. Apart from operating voltage of PV modules, remaining all factors are depending on nature which we cannot change easily. Hence obtaining an effective voltage regulation of terminals to achieve maximum power from PV module is very important for best utilization. There are many existing maximum power point tracking (MPPT) mechanisms on PV systems but an effective integrating mechanism is required to achieve the best operation under all possible conditions. Artificial neural network (ANN) can able to produce best reference signal corresponding to maximum power location under various random changes very quickly. In other hand, sliding mode controller (SMC) is able to force the boost converter to deliver the best output voltage with fewer ripples under variable input voltage. Fastest response with fewer ripples in dc voltage can help to harvest maximum energy from PV panels. Therefore, integration of ANN with SMC can prepare the MPPT converter to deliver more energy under random changes in irradiance and temperature. The performance of ANN associated SMC for boost converter based MPPT of the PV system is presented in this paper. In order to obtain more realistic response, Hardware-in the-Loop (HIL) is established for proposed system with the help of two OPAL-RT modules. Extensive results by using HIL are presented and discussed under various case studies to enhance the proposed method.

Indoles and their derivatives have long been studied for their anticancer properties. Breast cancer has been treated using indole‐3‐carbinol, Indirubins, and many other naturally occurring indoles as well as their synthesized equivalents. It has been determined that the AKT pathway is a prospective target for therapeutic strategies in the treatment of breast cancer. The dysregulation of AKT pathway frequently promotes cell proliferation, survival, and resistance to apoptosis. We synthesized a novel group of bisindole clubbed pyridine and pyrimidine derivatives 5(a–l) using water as the solvent and thiamine hydrochloride as the catalyst. Compounds 5 a, 5 c, 5 d, 5 e, and 5 f are the most active against MCF‐7 cells, with an IC50 values of 2.48±0.39, 1.35±0.13, 3.36±0.53, 4.05±0.61 and 1.91±0.28 μM, respectively. Further, in silico docking of the active compound 5 c had the highest binding energy of −10.59 kcal/mol. Additionally, molecular dynanamics simulations were performed for better understanding the mode of interaction of ligand and protein. In conclusion, we have synthesized bisindoles using thiamine hydrochloride as a catalyst that target AKT pathway in breast cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer (BC) is the second leading cause of cancer‐related mortality in women, and targeting biological pathways such as the JNK pathway has proven to be a viable therapeutic target for BC therapy. Here, we synthesized piperazin‐2‐yl‐pyrimidines and evaluated them for anticancer activity against MCF‐7 cells. In addition, antioxidant, reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibition, caspase activity, and toxicity in platelets were studied in the presence and absence of active compound IA‐6 or IA‐7. Our detailed experimental analysis found that the compound IA‐7 showed anticancer activity by either activating p‐JNK or by inducing radical species in cancer and thrombosis model. Evident to in vitro analysis, the structure based molecular interaction studies of binding of IA‐7 to JNK3S exhibited a significant binding energy of −7.56 kcal/mol which was found to be a better binder when compared to previously reported JNK inducer (PC‐12). Overall, we herein report the analytically pure IA‐7 as lead structure that could be used as a template to develop target based anticancer agents where JNK modulation is predominant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer (BC) is the second-largest cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. The development of BC is a complex and multi-step process involving multiple cell types, creating a real challenge for the development of potential therapeutics against it. Several researchers have demonstrated that JNK family members have been associated with BC regulation and progression. In general, JNK is phosphorylated and activated by a number of upstream kinases, and phospho-JNK regulates a variety of cellular functions by phosphorylating c-Jun and other downstream targets. Thus, JNK has become a vital target for the development of potential therapeutics for BC treatment. In past years, electrosynthesis has emerged as a fascinating area superior to traditional chemical processes, as the evolved electrochemical technologies function at higher reaction rates for the synthesis of desired compounds. In this study, we have synthesized a series of triazole compounds using both conventional and electrochemical methods for targeting JNK in human BC cells. All the synthesized molecules were preliminarily evaluated for a cytotoxicity study against MCF-7 cells and the compound 1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-(((4-isopropyl-5-(4-methoxybenzyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole (5b) is the most potent candidate among the series based on its lower inhibition concentration (IC50) of 4.78 μM. Further studies were performed to evaluate the anticancer potential of novel 5b in human BC cells and the results showed that 5b significantly inhibited colony formation, migration and induced apoptosis by increasing the expression of pro-apoptotic protein BAX, and inhibiting the anti-apoptotic protein BCL2. Furthermore, the novel 5b also induced the phosphorylation of JNK in BC cells in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, an in silico docking study revealed that compound 5b has a strong binding affinity (−8.88 kcal mol−1) towards JNK3S. In conclusion, the novel synthesized compound 5b triggers apoptosis and JNK phosphorylation in BC cells, and may provide a new and potent therapeutic strategy against BC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hyperactive tumour microenvironment (TME) drives unrestricted cancer cell survival, drug resistance, and metastasis in ovarian carcinoma (OC). However, therapeutic targets within the TME for OC remain elusive, and efficient methods to quantify TME activity are still limited. Herein, we employed an integrated bioinformatics approach to determine which immune-related genes (IRGs) modulate the TME and further assess their potential theragnostic (therapeutic + diagnostic) significance in OC progression. Using a robust approach, we developed a predictive risk model to retrospectively examine the clinicopathological parameters of OC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The validity of the prognostic model was confirmed with data from the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) cohort. Our approach identified nine IRGs, AKT2, FGF7, FOS, IL27RA, LRP1, OBP2A, PAEP, PDGFRA, and PI3, that form a prognostic model in OC progression, distinguishing patients with significantly better clinical outcomes in the low-risk group. We validated this model as an independent prognostic indicator and demonstrated enhanced prognostic significance when used alongside clinical nomograms for accurate prediction. Elevated LRP1 expression, which indicates poor prognosis in bladder cancer (BLCA), OC, low-grade gliomas (LGG), and glioblastoma (GBM), was also associated with immune infiltration in several other cancers. Significant correlations with immune checkpoint genes (ICGs) highlight the potential importance of LRP1 as a biomarker and therapeutic target. Furthermore, gene set enrichment analysis highlighted LRP1's involvement in metabolism-related pathways, supporting its prognostic and therapeutic relevance also in BLCA, OC, low-grade gliomas (LGG), GBM, kidney cancer, OC, BLCA, kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), and stomach and oesophageal carcinoma (STES). Our study has generated a novel signature of nine IRGs within the TME across cancers, that could serve as potential prognostic predictors and provide a valuable resource to improve the prognosis of OC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing need for sustainable materials in industrial applications has prompted a significant shift in attention from synthetic to natural fibers. This study examines the problems and opportunities arising from the utilization of natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites in several industrial sectors. The objective of this work is to fabricate a hybrid composite using a conventional hand layup technique with natural reinforcement of Moringa oleifera (MO) and ramie (Boehmeria nivea) fibers, an epoxy matrix blended with copper oxide filler, utilized to enhance material stability and antimicrobial activity. To quantify the effect of five different weight fractions of MO and ramie fibers on this hybrid composite, its mechanical, thermal, functional, and antifungal properties were examined. The superior tensile strength (61.34 MPa), flexural strength (64.78 MPa), and impact energy (23 J) results indicate that ramie fiber loading should be increased. Additionally, enhanced thermal properties such as thermal conductivity (0.93 W/mK), heat deflection temperature (97°C), thermal expansion coefficient (1.7210-5/°C), and maximal thermal stability were observed at 347°C as a result of the increased ramie fiber loading. This analysis demonstrates that this hybrid composite possesses the antifungal activity necessary to form an inhibition zone against Candida albicans. Scanning electron microscopy analysis was conducted to determine the hybrid composites' bonding strength and failure mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the kinetics of oxidative conversion of benzyl and homobenzyl alcohols to carbonyls using cerium(IV) sulfate in the presence of ruthenium(III) complex under mild acidic conditions. The results revealed that the low concentration of both alcohols and cerium(IV) ions drives the reaction to a first‐order kinetics, whereas a higher concentration induces zero‐order kinetics. In addition, the kinetics of the reaction were altered by the additives of hydrogen ions, cerium(III) ions, and chloride ions. We hope this study will be helpful in understanding the reaction kinetics of the oxidation of primary alcohols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digitalization has brought ease in managing the operations of organizations in the world. However, education and digital literacy become hurdles for involving marginalized people. The participation of women is crucial for the overall development of humankind. "Gender equality and women's empowerment are essential for achieving sustainable development and creating a more just and equitable world"[1]. Indeed, greater women's participation can significantly boost qualitative and quantitative output in all fields. Promoting women's participation in rural areas can significantly impact agricultural economies, including increasing food production and dairy output. However, the participation of women in decision-making, particularly in rural areas, is often limited. This paper focuses on Identifying and analyzing the factors that prevent women from playing a more significant role in rural economies, which is an essential step towards promoting women's economic empowerment and achieving more equitable and sustainable development outcomes in the digital era. The study's finding suggests that education levels, lack of adequate training, and household work are key factors that limit the participation of women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research introduces and validates a finite‐element (FE) model for drying tomato flakes in a passive greenhouse dryer, supported by experimental data. The simulations accurately monitor crop and ground temperatures, reaching 49.1 and 61.1 °C, respectively. The moisture reduction is 96–4.25% (Wb), with a minimum relative humidity of 28.40% and a drying efficiency of 50.30%. Energy and exergy efficiencies are evaluated at 80% and 52.82%, respectively. The embodied energy is 1209.56 kWh, and the total cost of the proposed system is 15433.50 INR. The FE model effectively monitors temperatures and achieves a remarkable reduction in moisture, demonstrating its potential to optimize greenhouse dryer and promote sustainable, cost‐effective drying practices in the food industry. The rigorous comparison between experimental and simulated results confirms the precision of the FE model, highlighting its potential in optimizing greenhouse dryers and promoting sustainable, cost‐effective drying practices in the food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is now apparent that growth hormone (GH), an anterior pituitary hormone predominantly regulating postnatal somatic growth and metabolism, is also expressed in extrapituitary tissues. An extrapituitary synthetic site of GH that has garnered interest is the de novo or enhanced expression of GH in carcinoma or other cancers. In a number of cancers, including carcinoma of the mammary gland, endometrium, liver, prostate, and colon, the expression of GH is independently associated with more advanced clinicopathologic parameters of the cancer. In some of these cancers, tumor human growth hormone (hGH) expression portends worse survival outcomes for patients. Functionally, tumor-derived hGH exerts both autocrine and paracrine functions on carcinoma cells and cancer-associated stroma. Expression of autocrine/paracrine hGH in cancer drives tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, and resistance to therapy by promotion of cancer cell proliferation, survival, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, motility, invasion, cancer stem cell-like behavior, and metastasis. Autocrine/paracrine hGH activates oncogenic signaling pathways and specific transcriptome signatures and enhances the expression of an oncogenic secretome to promote these functions. Hence, extrapituitary expression of GH in cancer promotes cancer progression independent of endocrine hGH, and may be considered as a validated target in oncology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]