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Solar reflectance and thermal emissivity are critical benchmarks for evaluating the effectiveness of passive cooling strategies. The integration of three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques with passive cooling materials enables local thermal management of multifaceted objects, offering opportunities for unexplored energy-saving applications. For example, conformal printing of cooling materials can mitigate solar absorption caused by the top metal electrodes in solar cells, thereby improving their efficiency and lifetime. In this study, we report the synthesis of 3D printable hollow silica nanoparticles (HSNPs) designed to induce subambient cooling performance under daylight conditions. HSNPs with diameters of 400–700 nm and silica shell thicknesses of approximately 100 nm were synthesized using an in-situ sol–gel emulsion method. Subsequently, these HSNPs were formulated into printable pastes by carefully selecting the mixture concentration and molecular weight of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The PVP-linked HSNPs exhibited a solar (0.3–2.5 μm) reflectivity of 0.98 and a thermal (8–13 μm) emissivity of 0.93. In contrast to a single silica nanoparticle (NP), the scattering analysis of a single HSNP revealed a distinctive scattering distribution characterized by amplified backward scattering and suppressed forward scattering. In outdoor daytime experiments, the HSNP-printed sample led to the subambient cooling of a dielectric substrate, surpassing the cooling performance of reference materials such as silica NPs, silver pastes, and commercial white plastics and paints.

Drawing on two multilingual qualitative datasets (Korean/English and German/English), this paper examines the dual role and positionalities of two researchers who simultaneously act as translators, as well as the implications of this dual role for multilingual qualitative research. This work is informed by transnational feminist translation studies and transnational feminist approaches to qualitative research, and founded on the two researchers' intimate familiarity with their participants' languages, contexts, and meaning-making processes. Considering the complexity of this familiarity, this work presents unique dilemmas—challenges and opportunities—with respect to translating, representing, and writing about multilingual qualitative data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: In this study, we examined how extracts and bavachin from Psoralea corylifolia affect bovine and porcine rotaviruses in a lab setting. We evaluated whether these substances could prevent the virus from attaching to cells and whether they could stop it from replicating. We found that, in the virucidal assay, the extracts and bavachin were unable to reduce viral infectivity by neutralizing the virus before it entered the host cells. However, when it was applied after the virus had already infected cells, bavachin showed strong antiviral effects. It notably reduced the virus's ability to replicate, indicating its potential as a treatment for both bovine and porcine rotaviruses. Rotavirus is the main causative agent of viral gastroenteritis among young animals worldwide. Currently, no clinically approved or effective antiviral drugs are available to combat rotavirus infections. Herein, we evaluated the anti-rotaviral activities of extracts and bavachin isolated from Psoralea corylifolia L. (Fabaceae) (P. corylifolia) against the bovine rotavirus G8P[7] and porcine rotavirus G5P[7] in vitro. Two assay strategies were performed: (1) a virucidal assay to reduce viral infectivity by virus neutralization and (2) a post-treatment assay to assess viral replication suppression. The results from the virucidal assay showed that the extracts and bavachin did not exert anti-rotaviral activities. In the follow-up analysis after treatment, bavachin exhibited robust antiviral efficacy, with 50% effective concentration (EC50) values of 10.6 μM (selectivity index [SI] = 2.38) against bovine rotavirus G8P[7] and 13.0 μM (SI = 1.94) against porcine rotavirus G5P[7]. Bavachin strongly suppressed viral RNA synthesis in the early (6 h) and late stages (18 h) after rotaviral infection. These findings strongly suggest that bavachin may have hindered the virions by effectively inhibiting the early stages of the virus replication cycle after rotaviral infection. Furthermore, confocal imaging showed that bavachin suppressed viral protein synthesis, notably that of the rotaviral protein (VP6). These results suggest that bavachin has strong antiviral activity against rotaviruses, inhibits viral replication, and is a candidate natural therapeutic drug targeting rotaviral infection. The utilization of bavachin isolated from P. corylifolia may contribute to decreased mortality rates, lower medication expenses, and enhanced economic viability in domestic farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Once tooth development is complete, odontoblasts and their progenitor cells in the dental pulp play a major role in protecting tooth vitality from external stresses. Hence, understanding the homeostasis of the mature pulp populations is just as crucial as understanding that of the young, developing ones for managing age‐related dentinal damage. Here, it is shown that loss of Cpne7 accelerates cellular senescence in odontoblasts due to oxidative stress and DNA damage accumulation. Thus, in Cpne7‐null dental pulp, odontoblast survival is impaired, and aberrant dentin is extensively formed. Intraperitoneal or topical application of CPNE7‐derived functional peptide, however, alleviates the DNA damage accumulation and rescues the pathologic dentin phenotype. Notably, a healthy dentin‐pulp complex lined with metabolically active odontoblasts is observed in 23‐month‐old Cpne7‐overexpressing transgenic mice. Furthermore, physiologic dentin was regenerated in artificial dentinal defects of Cpne7‐overexpressing transgenic mice. Taken together, Cpne7 is indispensable for the maintenance and homeostasis of odontoblasts, while promoting odontoblastic differentiation of the progenitor cells. This research thereby introduces its potential in oral disease‐targeted applications, especially age‐related dental diseases involving dentinal loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Patients with juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) are at a high risk of entering adulthood with disease-related morbidities such as reduced bone mass and osteoporosis. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of JSLE and to analyze the factors associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) in these patients., Methods: Children and adolescents diagnosed with JSLE at a single hospital in Korea were included. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data and use of glucocorticoids and disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs were collected. Lumbar spine BMD Z-score was measured using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, and lumbar spine radiographic data were collected., Results: A total of 29 patients with JSLE were included in this study. Of these patients, seven had a lumbar spine Z-score of -2.0 or lower and were designated as the low BMD group. The differences in the clinical parameters and treatment variables between the low BMD and non-low BMD groups were compared. Higher cumulative glucocorticoid dose, longer glucocorticoid exposure, and higher cumulative hydroxychloroquine dose were associated with low BMD; the main factor was the duration of exposure. There was no significant correlation between BMD and clinical profile, SLE disease activity, or bone metabolism markers., Conclusion: The duration of glucocorticoid exposure, cumulative glucocorticoid dose, and cumulative hydroxychloroquine dose were risk factors for low BMD in patients with JSLE, with the main factor being duration of glucocorticoid exposure. Thus, patients with JSLE should be routinely monitored for low BMD and potential fracture risks, and glucocorticoid-sparing treatment regimens should be considered.