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Esmatullah Esmat,1 Ramin Saadaat,1 Noor Hassan Saedi,1 Ahmadullah Hakimi,1 Abdul Tawab Baryali,2 Abdul Jamil Rasooli,3 Sahar Noor,3 Maryam Ahmad,1 Ahmed Maseh Haidary1 1Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, French Medical Institute for Mother and Children (FMIC), Kabul, Afghanistan; 2Department of Quality and Patient Safety, French Medical Institute for Mothers and Children (FMIC), Kabul, Afghanistan; 3Department of Paediatric Medicine, French Medical Institute for Mother and Children (FMIC), Kabul, AfghanistanCorrespondence: Ahmed Maseh Haidary, Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, French Medical Institute for Mother and Children (FMIC), Behind Kabul Medical University, Kabul, PO, BOX:472, Afghanistan, Email ahmed.maseh9t9@gmail.comIntroduction: The widespread use of antibiotics is a serious and alarming situation in terms of the development of antimicrobial resistance. The current study was conducted to demonstrate the types of organism isolated from the urine of patients presenting with UTI symptoms as well as their antimicrobial sensitivity spectrum.Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, and 272 positive urine cultures from children under 5 years of age with signs and symptoms of a UTI were included in the study. The types of organisms isolated from the urine cultures and their susceptibility to antibiotics were identified. The data collection form was designed as an Excel spreadsheet that included both dependent and independent variables, such as patient age, gender, WBC, red blood cell (RBC) count, nitrite, organism isolated, and antiprogram results.Results: Of the patients included, 64% were female. The majority were under one year of age, followed by children aged one to three. Among these children, 63% had pyuria and hematuria, and 64% had nitrite-positive urine samples. The most commonly isolated organisms included Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Candida species, Candida albicans, and Enterococcus species. In this study, 62% of gram-negative organisms were ESBL positive, among which the Proteus species demonstrated the highest ESBL positivity, followed by the Klebsiella species and E. coli. The majority of Enterobacteriaceae isolates in this study showed resistance to Augmentin and Ampicillin. Similarly, E. coli was highly resistant to third-generation cephalosporins, ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone.Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence of UTIs in pediatric patients and their nonspecific signs and symptoms, particularly in infants or young children, diagnosing and treating them, whilst difficult, is crucial. Urine samples should be analyzed for all pediatric patients with fever and, if pyuria is present, a urine culture is necessary.Keywords: bacterial isolates, antimicrobial susceptibility, pediatric patients, UTI

One of the most common benign lesions is dentigerous cyst, which is commonly associated with unerupted tooth crowns. Dentigerous cysts in infants may manifest as swelling or a firm mass in the oral cavity. Such cysts arise from dental follicles, and their development can lead to dental complications such as tooth displacement, root resorption of the adjacent teeth, or infection if not treated carefully. Enucleation is the method of choice for the treatment of such lesions. In the current case report, a rare age presented with 1 a old patient was referred to oral and maxillofacial clinics. In the case of right facial swelling and pain for five days ago, intra- and extra-oral examinations were performed. Computed Tomography (CT) demonstrated a well-defined expansile lytic lesion, and parents consented and agreed to proceed with the surgery option. Enucleation was performed surgically, and the patient was followed up for up to 8 months. Significant improvement was noted, with no further complications or recorded complaints.

Extravasation injuries are prevalent in pediatric hospitals and often result in tissue damage and extended hospital stays. However, limited data exist regarding risk factors for extravasation in children. This study aimed to identify these risk factors in pediatric patients receiving intravenous (IV) therapy. This prospective cohort study included 500 children aged 1 month to 18 years who had undergone either central or peripheral catheterization and were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) at Imam Hossein Children’s Hospital in Isfahan, Iran, between July 2020 and July 2021. Data were collected on age, gender, length of hospitalization, catheter type, instances of extravasation, drugs administered, and treatment protocols. The median age was 36 months, and approximately 56% of participants were male. Among the cohort, the prevalence of extravasation was 9.8% (49 patients). Female gender (P = .002), central venous catheterization (P = .002), prolonged hospitalization (P < .001), reduced consciousness (P = .012), and the use of taping for vein fixation (P = .004) were all significantly associated with a higher risk of extravasation. This study underscores the need for health care providers to carefully assess risk factors for extravasation to mitigate injury risk, particularly in vulnerable pediatric populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Treatment of pediatric high-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML), defined either on molecular or cytogenetic features, relies on bone marrow transplant after cytologic remission. However, relapse remains the first post-transplant cause of mortality. In this 13 th session of practice harmonization of the francophone society of bone marrow transplantation and cellular therapy (SFGM-TC), our group worked on recommendations regarding the management of post-transplant relapse in AML pediatric patients based on international literature, national survey and expert opinion. Overall, immunomodulation strategy relying on both measurable residual disease (MRD) and chimerism evaluation should be used for high-risk AML. In very high-risk (VHR) AML with a 5-year overall survival ≤30 %, a post-transplant maintenance should be proposed using either hypomethylating agents, combined with DLI whenever possible, or FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors if this target is present on leukemia cells. In the pre-emptive or early relapse settings (< 6 months post-transplant), treatments combining DLI, Azacytidine and Venetoclax should be considered. Access to phase I/II trails for targeted therapies (menin, IDH or JAK inhibitors) should be discussed in each patient according to the underlying molecular abnormalities of the disease., (Copyright © 2024 Société Française du Cancer. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)