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Ferroptosis plays a crucial role in the progression of diabetic wounds, suggesting potential therapeutic strategies to target ferroptosis. Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is a non-selective calcium channel that acts as a receptor for a variety of physical or chemical stimuli. Cinnamaldehyde (CA) is a specific TRPA1 agonist. In in vitro experiments, we observed that high glucose (HG) treatment induced endothelial cell ferroptosis, impairing cell function. CA successfully inhibited endothelial cell ferroptosis, improving migration, proliferation, and tube formation. Further mechanistic studies showed that CA-activated TRPA1-induced Ca2+ influx promoted the phosphorylation of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and nuclear factor-E 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) translocation, which contributed to the elevation of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), leading to the inhibition of endothelial cell ferroptosis. In addition, CA was incorporated into an MMP-9-responsive injectable duplex hybrid hydrogel (CA@HA-Gel), allowing its efficient sustained release into diabetic wounds in an inflammation-responsive manner. The results showed that CA@HA-Gel inhibited wound endothelial cell ferroptosis and significantly promoted diabetic wound healing. In summary, the results presented in this study emphasize the potential therapeutic application of CA@HA-Gel in the treatment of diseases associated with ferroptosis.

The paper addresses the challenges of task migration and resource allocation in heterogeneous cloud–edge environments, where dynamic and stochastic conditions complicate efficient scheduling. To tackle this, the authors propose a novel scheduling algorithm combining soft actor–critic (SAC) agent with masked layer and graph convolutional network (GCN), namely MGSAC algorithm. MGSAC utilizes GCN to extract hidden structural features from the environment, enabling better adaptation to dynamic changes. Additionally, a learnable mask layer filters out ineffective actions, refining the selection of scheduling strategies and improving overall performance. By evaluating MGSAC on the real-world Bit-Brain dataset and simulating it using Cloud-Sim, experimental results demonstrate its superiority over existing algorithms in energy consumption, task response time, task migration time, and task Service-Level-Agreement violations rate, showcasing its effectiveness in real-world scenarios.

Terrestrial mollusks serve as potential radiocarbon materials for dating loess deposits in the late Quaternary. However, the reliability of gastropod shell 14C ages is complicated by two issues: open-system behavior and the limestone problem. Due to lack of assessment on the preservation status of shell fossils and factors affecting old carbon, correction for age anomalies remains an unresolved question. This study investigated two gastropod shells, Cathaica rossimontana and Succinea sp., discovered from a loess section rich in charcoal in the North Kunlun Mountains of Central Asia. By analyzing local climate condition, leaching degree, and mineral composition, we revealed that the open systems have a negligible influence on shell fossils. The values of age anomalies of Cathaica rossimontana and Succinea sp. are respectively 1788 ± 240 years and 492 ± 100 years. Furthermore, we obtained the temporal variation patterns of different carbon sources in shell fossils through a mass balance model analysis. The results indicate that the proportion of carbonate sources ranges from 17.5% to 26.8% in Cathaica rossimontana, while it ranges from 6.0% to 7.8% in Succinea sp., which may result from their size and calcium demand. Succinea sp. is recommended for stratigraphic dating for its minor age anomalies. Our study further demonstrates that snails of the same species absorb a highly consistent proportion of limestone under stable environment. This provides a theoretical basis for correcting age anomalies in fossil shells. The corrected ages of Cathaica rossimontana, based on living specimens, are consistent with reliable charcoal ages. Our findings offer a potential approach to correct the old carbon in snail fossils and facilitate the reliable dating for loess deposits in Central Asia.

Summary: Background: Neuroblastoma is the most prevalent extracranial solid tumor in pediatric populations worldwide, representing 8–10% of childhood malignancies and contributing to approximately 15% of pediatric cancer-related fatalities. This study aims to report global trends in the incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of childhood neuroblastoma from 1990 to 2021. Methods: The study utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database to analyze neuroblastoma incidence, mortality, and DALYs in children aged 0–14 years. Rates for incidence, mortality, and DALYs were calculated per 100,000 population, with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). Data from 204 countries and territories were stratified by age, sex, and location. Trends were assessed using Joinpoint regression models to compute the annual percent change (APC) and log-transformed linear regression models to calculate the estimated average annual percentage change (EAPC). Findings: Globally, the incidence of neuroblastoma in children in 2021 was 5560 cases (95% UI, 3734.21–7560.03), with 1977 deaths (95% UI, 1445.04–2528.54), and 174,186.30 DALYs (95% UI, 127,104.64–223,265.92). From 1990 to 2021, the incidence increased by 30.26% (95% UI, −1.24% to 72.51%), mortality by 20.35% (95% UI, −12.44% to 63.30%), and DALYs by 20.08% (95% UI, −12.89% to 63.27%). The incidence rate rose from 0.25 (95% UI, 0.18–0.33) per 100,000 individuals in 1990 to 0.28 (95% UI, 0.19–0.38) per 100,000 individuals in 2021, an overall increase of 12.60% (95% UI, −14.62% to 49.12%). Among the five Sociodemographic Index (SDI) regions, the highest EAPCs were observed in the low-to-mid SDI regions for incidence (1.87%; 95% CI, 1.64%–2.10%), mortality (1.22%; 95% CI, 1.09%–1.34%), and DALYs (1.36%; 95% CI, 1.15%–1.57%). Regionally, Central Asia exhibited the fastest annual increase in incidence (EAPC = 2.76%; 95% CI, 2.18%–3.34%). At the national level, India had the highest number of neuroblastoma cases globally in 2021, with 685 cases (95% UI, 404.16–1007.67). Interpretation: The global trends for incidence, mortality, and DALYs related to pediatric neuroblastoma initially increased and then decreased, although an overall increasing trend was observed. However, the burden of disease remains significant in low-, low-middle-, and middle-SDI regions. A comprehensive understanding of the epidemiology of neuroblastoma in children is crucial for enhancing disease prevention and control efforts. Funding: This research was funded by the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 2024GXNSFAA010420) and the Youth Science Foundation of Guangxi Medical University (Grant No. GXMUYSF202404).